scholarly journals Urban Consumption and Feelings of Attachment of Rotterdam's New Middle Class

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco van der Land
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Urban Consumption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Places ◽  
Urban Leisure

Cities have increasingly developed into spaces for consumption. This paper explores the relationship between patterns of use of urban leisure amenities and feelings of attachment to the city. A survey among highly educated professionals and managers (the new middle class, working in the Dutch city of Rotterdam) was carried out in order to examine both their participation in the domain of urban leisure and urban residence, and their attachments to the city in general. The survey shows that among the new middle class subgroupings can be identified, based on their mobility with regard to leisure and their psychological attachments to the city. One of them is a group of young single urban households, who are not only frequent urban consumers, but who also feel strongly attached to the city as a whole. The findings suggest that in cities specific processes of symbolic consumption occur which facilitate some extent of psychological attachment and which appear to tie a subset of the new middle class to urban places, regardless of place of residence.

Sekolah Islam (Islamic Schools) as Symbols of Indonesia's Urban Muslim Identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yanwar Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract This article discusses the relationship between Sekolah Islam (Salafism-influenced Islamic schools) and urban middle-class Muslims. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the City of Serang (Kota Serang), near Jakarta, this paper argues that these conservative and puritan Muslims demonstrate their Islamic identity politics through their engagement with Sekolah Islam. The analysis of in-depth interviews with and close observations of parents of students and school custodians (preachers or occasionally spiritual trainers) at several Sekolah Islam reveals that they have attempted to pursue ‘true’ Islamic identity and have claimed recognition of their identity as the most appropriate. The pursuit of a ‘true’ Islamic identity has infused Islamic identity politics, and there is an oppositional relationship between local Islamic traditions and Salafism, as seen in Sekolah Islam. The relationship between Islam and identity politics becomes intricate when it is transformed into public symbols, discourses, and practices at many Sekolah Islam. This paper shows that through their understanding and activities at Sekolah Islam, these Muslims are avid actors in the contemporary landscape of Islamic identity politics in Indonesia. By taking examples from Sekolah Islam in Indonesia, this article unveils social transformations that may also take place in the larger Muslim world.

scholarly journals Ecstasy (MDMA): effects and patterns of use reported by users in São Paulo

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Pereira de Almeida ◽  
Maria Teresa Araujo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Psychoactive Drugs ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
The City

OBJECTIVE: As there are no studies about the use of ecstasy in Brazil, our aim was to identify the effects and patterns of use of this substance among users in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: Subjects were recruited through the snowball technique. Fifty-two subjects of both genders who had been using ecstasy frequently and recently were interviewed. The instrument was a self-reported and anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: The sample's mean age was 24 years, mostly composed by single, college graduated middle-class subjects. Among the interviewed users, 61.6% used ecstasy at least once per week and 50% of them took one pill per episode of use and 46% more than one. Drug taking was usually performed in company of several people (63%) in contexts related to night leisure, such as rave parties (78.8%), dancing clubs (69.2%) and parties (53.8%). Ecstasy pills were mainly purchased from friends or acquaintances in order to favor a dancing mood in those places. Most subjects used ecstasy associated to other psychoactive drugs (93.3%), mainly Cannabis, followed by tobacco and LSD. The effects attributed to ecstasy were mainly positive. DISCUSSION: The use of ecstasy in São Paulo has had a recreational pattern quite similar to those described in previous studies. The assessment of the use of ecstasy as positive also agrees with the findings of the literature.

scholarly journals Swedish alcohol and restaurant policy in the 1980s: A historical perspective

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Public Life ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Strict Control ◽  
Age Limits ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
The City ◽  
Beer Hall ◽  
Made In

This article discusses factors contributing to the rapid proliferation of restaurants in Sweden in the 1980s and to the current tension between restrictive legislation, legal praxis and public alcohol culture. Transformations in towns and in public life, the transition from modernity to post-modernity, the emergence of a new middle class and the redefinition of women's use of alcohol were among the important changes. Departures from the traditionally strict control of restaurants were made in the late '50s and in the early '60s. Competititon grew and Swedish restaurant culture loosened up. In the 1980s, the restrictive laws governing restaurants began to lose legitimacy. Legal praxis was applied in a more liberal spirit. The Stockholm Water Festival, which allowed central parts of the city to be transformed into a gigantic beer hall, is one example of this. As in many other countries, age limits have become almost the only actual restriction to the availability of alcohol. The aim of alcohol and especially restaurant policy today is on minimization of damage, not protection, as formerly.

Disputing Limeño Historical and Cultural Heritage

PMLA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Gisela Cánepa-Koch
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Urban Workers ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
The City

In the 1970s many persons of andean origin migrated to Lima. Informally and through the mediation of emerging grassroots organizations, the nuevos limeños negotiated with the state for their right to residency in the city and to sanitation and other services. They struggled for recognition as citizens. Gradually an informal economy mainly based on Andean cultural practices of production gave way to entrepreneurship, which created a new middle class. In this way Andean migrants to Lima became urban workers and consumers and appropriated and transformed the city.

Practices of resistance: The Antwerp fashion scene and Walter Van Beirendonck’s subversion of masculinity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Nicola Brajato ◽  
Alexander Dhoest
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Creative Resistance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fashion Designers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The existing literature on the evolution of the Antwerp fashion scene is mainly concerned with the development of the Fashion Academy pedagogy from tradition to avant-garde, the role of the famous ‘Antwerp Six’ in putting the city under the international fashion spotlight, and the making of a specific cultural heritage which up to today continues to inspire young fashion designers. However, less has been said about its contribution to the redefinition of gender, and more specifically of masculinity. Consequently, the aim of the article is to contextualize Antwerp as a site for ‘creative resistance’ against the middle-class ideas of fashion, body and identity through the figure of Belgian designer Walter Van Beirendonck, articulating his contribution in deconstructing the normative understanding of the relationship between fashion and masculinity, providing a new metaphor to think about the process of body fashioning in everyday life. Therefore, Van Beirendonck’s creative practices as a sartorial form of resistance against the bourgeois understanding of masculinity and sexuality will be investigated through a qualitative analysis of visual and audio-visual archive materials generously provided by MoMu, the Antwerp fashion museum, showing how his creations are successful in stretching bodily borders and forming non-conventional masculinities. Far from offering an exhaustive overview of the field, the article constitutes a starting point for the understanding of a particular way of seeing the relationship between fashion, body and gender identity in the Antwerp fashion scene. Furthermore, it aims to stress the urgency to analyse the relevance of fashion in tackling issues of masculinity and the clothed body.

scholarly journals Rooster Town: Winnipeg’s Lost Métis Suburb, 1900–1960

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Burley
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Municipal Governance ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
The City

In the spring of 1959 the City of Winnipeg ordered the removal of fourteen families, mostly Métis, from land needed for the construction of a new high school in south Winnipeg. For at least a decade, the presence of Rooster Town, as the squatters’ shantytown was known, had drawn complaints from residents of the new middle-class suburbs who objected to the proximity of families of mixed ancestry who seemed indolent, immoral, and irresponsible and whose children brought contagious diseases into the elementary school. Suburban anxieties gave expression to a much deeper municipal colonialism that since the incorporation of Winnipeg had denied Aboriginal people a place in the city. Various agencies of municipal governance and the processes of urban development dispossessed indigenous peoples and pushed them farther onto the edges of the city until no space remained for them. The removal of Rooster Town erased the last visible evidence of a continuing Métis community that had survived in the area since the nineteenth century and that at its peak in the 1930s had numbered several hundred residents.

scholarly journals Da Esperança ao Triunfo: o estudo da formação de uma nova classe trabalhadora de Goiânia (GO)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Renatha Cândida da Cruz ◽  
João Batista de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
City Center ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The City

Resumo:O objetivo principal deste artigo é tratar do processo de formação da Região Noroeste de Goiânia. Para tanto, realizou-se um amplo levantamento bibliográfico acerca das ocupações urbanas na capital goiana e  elaborou-se uma periodização sobre a ampliação do espaço urbano a noroeste do centro da cidade. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar como uma comunidade deixa de ser um grande bolsão de pobreza para ser considerada uma representação da nova classe trabalhadora de Goiânia. A temática torna-se pertinente, visto que os bairros da Região Noroeste têm origem em sucessivas lutas coletivas pelo solo urbano e passam por um longo processo de mudanças sociais e econômicas. O aumento da renda ganha destaque nos estudos sobre a localidade, em que se debate se há uma nova classe média ou uma nova classe trabalhadora.Palavras-chave: Nova classe trabalhadora. Goiânia. Ocupações urbanas. Abstract:The main purpose of this article is figure out the process of formation in the Northwest Region  of Goiania. To achieve this goal it conducted a comprehensive literature about the urban occupations in Goiânia and the development of a timeline on the expansion of urban areas to the northwest of the city center. The results of this research allowed us to understand as a community stops being a large slum to be considered a representation of the new working class of Goiania. The theme  becomes relevant in sense that neighborhoods of the Northwest Region originates in successive collective struggle for urban land and go through a long process of social and economic change and how the increase in income is an important factor in studies about this place and being perceived the discussion  above  new middle class or new working classKeywords: New Workin Class, Goiânia, Urban Occupations. Resumen:El principal objetivo de ese artículo es la comprensión del proceso de formación de la Región Noroeste de Goiânia. Para alcanzar esa meta se ha realizado un amplio levantamiento bibliográfico sobre las ocupaciones urbanas en la capital goiana así como la elaboración de una periodización acerca de la ampliación del espacio urbano al noroeste del centro de la ciudad. Los resultados obtenidos por esta investigación permitieron comprender como una comunidad deja de ser parte de un gran cinturón de pobreza para pasar a ser considerada una representación de la nueva clase trabajadora de Goiânia. La temática se vuelve pertinente puesto que los barrios de la Región Noroeste tienen origen en sucesivas luchas colectivas por el suelo urbano y pasan por un largo proceso de cambios sociales y económicos haciendo con que el incremento de la renta sea un factor relevante en los estudios sobre la localidad, percibiéndose el debate sobre una nueva clase media o nueva clase trabajadora.Palabras clave: Nueva clase trabajadora. Goiânia. Ocupaciones urbanas. 

The Myth of the Myth of the New Middle Class: Some Lessons in Social and Political Theory

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Perlmutter
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

In his rejoinder to my essay, ‘Egypt and the Myth of the New Middle Class’, Professor Halpern clings to a limited and dysfunctional concept. The concept of NMC was of limited use in 1963 when he wrote The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and North Africa; since then, it hasproved to be a misleading tool for explaining the politics of change in the Middle East, yet Halpern persists in reaffirming it. For seven years, Professor Halpern has been arguing the same tautologies. On the one hand he proposes a theory of a new middle class; on the other, he explains why the NMC still has not evolved. The NMC concept is so fundamental to his book that I, for one, have examined it closely—and have found its validity and usefulness limited. Halpern writes of the need for a new theory of the relationship between social classes and system-transforming change in the modern age, but he offers no good descriptive and analytical data to support his thesis. In fact, as we shall demonstrate later, his thesis is shaken by a confrontation with rigorous empirical and correlative analyses. A cursory review of recent literature shows us many recantations by authors who once applied Grand Theories to Comparative Politics. In the spirit of the era post-Committee for Comparative Politics-neo-scholasticism, I have consented to write a rejoinder. Let me state at the beginning that I will refrain from comments on Halpern's new vintage, ‘The Dialectics of Modernization in National and International Society’, although in his rejoinder Halpern insists that the NMC has been reaffirmed and reappraised in his ‘Dialectics’. This would require more than a rejoinder. In order to review or refute Halpern's new work, I would need to write a new article, and scarcity of time does not allow me this luxury.

scholarly journals Percepções e experiências do usuário no Parque Municipal de Belo Horizonte: estrutura, uso e manutenção.

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Brener Carvalho ◽  
Marlusa de Sevilha Gosling
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Identity Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Leisure

CConhecer os valores experiência dos em áreas verdes de lazer urbano implica em uma análise do espaço geográfico onde esta prática se realiza. A observação das práticas urbanas da população se distingue no espaço-tempo (CERTEAU, 1994) no vivido e no percebido: conceitos apresentados por Lefebvre (1991). Com base na relação existente entre espaço-tempo e vivido-percebido, 30 coletas, por meio de observação participante, foram realizadas no Parque Municipal da cidade de Belo Horizonte. De forma exploratória o objetivo deste artigo é conhecer o cotidiano vivido e as experiências dos usuários neste espaço gratuito de lazer que podem ser observadas para o meio de relatos de percepção e da experiência vivenciada pelo visitante de um parque verde urbano. Os resultados confirmam (i) a contemporaneidade do pensamento da identidade no espaço (FOUCAULT, 1977), (ii) confirmam que as práticas espaciais influenciam as representações, (iii) a organização do espaço urbano (BOURDIEU, 1996) e (iv) as práticas urbanas no espaço e no tempo (BACHELARD, 1929). Este estudo contribui para evidenciar as avaliações positivas e ou negativas dos usuários perpassam por três parâmetros: Estrutura, Usos e Manutenção. Perceptions and user experiences in the Municipal Park of Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil): structure, use and maintenance AABSTRACT In order to knowing the values experienced on green áreas of urban leisure implies to analysis of the geographical-spatial since where this practice takes place. The observation of those population practices, it is distinguished in the space-time (Certeau, 1994); in the lived and the perceived: concepts presented by Lefebvre (1991). Based on the relationship between space-time and lived-perceived, 30 collections, through participant observation, were carried out in the Municipal Park of the city of Belo Horizonte. In an exploratory way, the objective of this article is to know the daily life and the experiences of the users in this free space of leisure. Oserved to the means of reports of perception and the experience lived by the visitor of an urban green park. The results confirm (i) the contemporaneousness of identity thinking in space (Foucault, 1977), (ii) confirm that spatial practices influence representations, (iii) urban space organization (BOURDIEU, 1996) and (iv) urban practices in space and time (BACHELARD, 1929). This study contributions take place on how it can evidence the positive and negative evaluations of users mesured by three parameters: Structure, Uses and Maintenance. KEYWORDS: Public Leisure Space; Perceptions; Experiences; Structure; Use; Maintenance.

scholarly journals Of Yuppies and Housing: Gentrification, Social Restructuring, and the Urban Dream

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Smith
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
New Middle Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban Patterns ◽  
Spatial Restructuring ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Social Restructuring ◽  
The City

The question of whether gentrification can and should be explained as the result of contemporary processes of social restructuring is considered. It has been proposed, in particular, that gentrification is caused by the rise of a ‘new middle class’, and this argument is evaluated in theoretical and empirical terms. There is, in fact, better evidence for the significance of women in the gentrification process, because of changing work patterns, changing patterns of reproduction, and the changing relationship between work and reproduction. In light of these arguments, issue is taken with the claim that gentrification is a ‘chaotic conception’ and it is suggested how, instead, the social restructuring that is currently being observed is closely related to an economic restructuring, and that both together involve a dramatic spatial restructuring of which ‘gentrification’ is one part. The new urban patterns now unfolding do involve the construction of ‘consumption landscapes’ in the city, and the emergence of an incipient ‘urban dream’ parallel to the suburban dream of the last decade, but this docs not imply that urban geographical change is now somehow demand led.

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