Novel Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer and Phi Score

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Ahmet Hamdi Tefekli
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

scholarly journals AR Splicing Variants and Resistance to AR Targeting Agents

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2563
Author(s):  
Mayuko Kanayama ◽  
Changxue Lu ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Benefit ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
The Many ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Over the past decade, advances in prostate cancer research have led to discovery and development of novel biomarkers and effective treatments. As treatment options diversify, it is critical to further develop and use optimal biomarkers for the purpose of maximizing treatment benefit and minimizing unwanted adverse effects. Because most treatments for prostate cancer target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, aberrations affecting this drug target are likely to emerge following the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and it is conceivable that such aberrations may play a role in drug resistance. Among the many AR aberrations, we and others have been studying androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs), especially AR-V7, and have conducted preclinical and clinical studies to develop and validate the clinical utility of AR-V7 as a prognostic and potential predictive biomarker. In this review, we first describe mechanisms of AR-V generation, regulation and their functions from a molecular perspective. We then discuss AR-Vs from a clinical perspective, focusing on the significance of AR-Vs detected in different types of human specimens and AR-Vs as potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Circular RNA Expression Profiling Identifies Prostate Cancer- Specific circRNAs in Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1903-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianlin Xia ◽  
Tao Ding ◽  
Guihong Zhang ◽  
Zehuan Li ◽  
Ling Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Rna Expression Profiling

Background/Aims: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the main cancers that damage males’ health severely with high morbidity and mortality, but there is still no ideal molecular marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Methods: To determine whether the differentially expressed circRNAs in prostate cancer can serve as novel biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis, we screened differentially expressed circRNAs using SBC-ceRNA array in 4 pairs of prostate tumor and paracancerous tissues. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for the differential circRNAs and their host genes was constructed by Cytoscape3.5.1 software. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the microarray data. Results: We found 1021 differentially expressed circRNAs in PCa tumor using SBC-ceRNA array and confirmed the expression of circ_0057558, circ_0062019 and SLC19A1 in PCa cell lines and tumor tissues through qRT-PCR analysis. We demonstrated that combination of PSA level and two differentially expressed circRNAs showed significantly increased AUC, sensitivity and specificity (0.938, 84.5% and 90.9%, respectively) than PSA alone (AUC of serum PSA was 0.854). Moreover, circ_0057558 was correlated positively with total cholesterol. The functional network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA analysis showed that circ_0057558 and circ_0034467 regulated miR-6884, and circ_0062019 and circ_0060325 regulated miR-5008. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that differentially expressed circRNAs (circ_0062019 and circ_0057558) and host gene SLC19A1 of circ_0062019 could be used as potential novel biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Abstract 116: Targeting hypoxia for the identification of novel biomarkers for prostate cancer

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Gomez ◽  
Jan Marie Munz ◽  
Farhad Kosari ◽  
Jeffrey Karnes ◽  
John Cheville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

scholarly journals Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Subjects with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wei Jin ◽  
Xiang Fei ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Fangjie Chen ◽  
Yan Song
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarker ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Body fluids often contain freely circulating nucleic acids, many of which can be exploited as noninvasive tools for the diagnosis of cancer as well as for clinical prognostication. Identifying microRNAs (miRNAs) in subjects’ blood with various malignancies means that they can serve as novel biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. This study analyzed serum-circulating miRNAs as a noninvasive biomarker in subjects with PCa and subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In total, 31 PCa subjects and 31 BPH subjects were included, with the BPH group serving as the control group. RT-qPCR was used to quantify the levels of 10 miRNAs, which included miR-18a, miR-34a, miR-106b, miR-183, miR-200a, miR-301a, miR-141, miR-182, miR-200b, and miR-375 in serum. Statistical tests were used to assess the relationship between the levels of miRNAs and the clinicopathological data. A significant increase was observed in the relative expression ratios of miR-141, miR-182, miR-200b, and miR-375 (1.89-, 2.09-, 2.41-, and 2.27-folds, respectively) in the PCa group when compared to the BPH group. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the largest area under the curve (AUC), 0.923, was associated with the miR-200b group, indicating effective diagnostic properties for this biomarker. A correlation was observed between total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) and the relative levels of miR-141, miR-182, miR-200b, and miR-375. The Gleason score and the miR-200b expression level were also correlated. These results are consistent with previous studies regarding the possibility of differentiating between PCa subjects and healthy controls based on the detection of miRNA. The findings attest to a distinctive expression profile of miRNA that is detectable in the blood of PCa subjects, thereby confirming the role of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for PCa.

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Filella ◽  
Laura Foj
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
New Biomarkers

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally and are part of the giant non codifying genoma. Cumulating data suggest that miRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for many diseases, including cancer. Prostate cancer (PCa) detection is currently based in the serum prostate-specific antigen biomarker and digital rectal examination. However, these methods are limited by a low predictive value and the adverse consequences associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. New biomarkers that could be used for PCa detection and prognosis are still needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant expressions of microRNAs are associated with the underlying mechanisms of PCa. This review attempts to extensively summarize the current knowledge of miRNA expression patterns, as well as their targets and involvement in PCa pathogenesis. We focused our review in the value of circulating and urine miRNAs as biomarkers in PCa patients, highlighting the existing discrepancies between different studies, probably associated with the important methodological issues related to their quantitation and normalization. The majority of studies have been performed in serum or plasma, but urine obtained after prostate massage appears as a new way to explore the usefulness of miRNAs. Large screening studies to select a miRNA profile have been completed, but bioinformatics tools appear as a new approach to select miRNAs that are relevant in PCa development. Promising preliminary results were published concerning miR-141, miR-375 and miR-21, but larger and prospective studies using standardized methodology are necessary to define the value of miRNAs in the detection and prognosis of PCa.

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