scholarly journals Assessment of trait and state anxiety in 3-6-year old children during sequential phases of dental treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Priya Subramaniam ◽  
◽  
Maryam Haqh ◽  
Megha Gupta ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety

Aim: To assess changes in trait and state anxiety of children during sequential phases of dental treatment. Methods: Three hundred children, aged between 3 to < 6 years, who reported for their first dental visit were included. Both parents and children were evaluated over five sequential phases of dental treatment. Children’s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) and Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were used to assess child’s trait anxiety. Children’s Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS) and Facial Image Scale (FIS) were used to assess child’s state anxiety. Child’s behavior was rated using Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS). Paired sample t-test, Pearson’s Correlation coefficient and Spearman’s Rank Correlation coefficient was performed. Results: Mean CFSS-DS and CEMS scores decreased significantly from the first (26.55; 10.25) to the fifth visit (24.74; 8.1) (p<0.05). A significant decrease in the mean FIS (state anxiety) score from the first (2.70) to fifth (2.48) visit was seen (p<0.05) Children’s behavior differed significantly between the dental visits.(p<0.001) There was a significant inverse correlation between behavior and both trait and state anxiety (p<0.05). Conclusions: Sequential phases of dental treatment significantly reduced trait and state anxiety.

Effect of Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain and Anxiety During Dental Treatment in 5 to 8 Year Old Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vabitha Shetty ◽  
Lekshmi R Suresh ◽  
Amitha M Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study was aimed at assessing the impact of Virtual Reality (VR) distraction technique on pain and anxiety in 5–8-year-old children, during short invasive dental procedures. Study design: 120 children, aged 5–8 years, scoring less than 25 on the SCARED questionnaire, scheduled to undergo short invasive dental procedures, were randomly divided into a control (without VR distraction) and study group (with VR distraction) of 60 each. State anxiety levels were assessed in the children from both groups using revised version of Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale, before and after dental treatment. Pain perceived during treatment was assessed using Wong Baker Faces pain rating scale at the end of treatment. Salivary cortisol levels were also assessed before, during and after the dental procedure, in all children. Results: We observed a significant reduction in pain perception and state anxiety in children, using VR distraction (p&lt;0.001, p=0.002). The decrease in salivary cortisol levels was significantly greater in children using VR distraction (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Virtual Reality distraction can be used as a successful behavior modification method in children undergoing short invasive dental treatments.

scholarly journals The relationship between the effectiveness of performing technical elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats 6-7 years old

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
T. Chernykh ◽  
V. Mulyk ◽  
K. Mulyk ◽  
А. Skaliy ◽  
А. Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Equilibrium Test ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: to determine the relationship between the performance of basic elements and indicators of static and dynamic balance in the training process of young acrobats 6-7 years. Material and methods. The study involved 16 young acrobats at the stage of initial training (age 6-7 years). All parents of the participants gave written consent for the participation of children in the study. The study involved testing the technique of performing basic elements of sports acrobatics and assessing the static and dynamic balance of young athletes. The relationship between (swallow, shoulder blade, forward squat, wheel (sideways overturning), bridges) and static and dynamic equilibrium tests was determined. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient method was used as a method of statistical analysis. Results. It is established that the largest relationship between the performance of basic elements and static balance in the basic exercises of young acrobats have: Romberg's test with the elements "Swallow", "Stand on the shoulders", "Bridge"; Biryuk test with elements "Swallow", "Wheel", "Bridge"; balance "Swallow" with elements "Swallow", "Wheel"; static equilibrium test with the elements "Swallow", "Rack on the shoulders", "Rolling forward with a squat", "Wheel". Reliable values ​​of the correlation coefficient were established between the tests of dynamic balance and the basic elements of sports acrobatics in young athletes 6-7 years, namely: "Swallow", "Flip forward with a squat", "Wheel" and "Bridge". The analysis of special tests of static and dynamic balance in mastering the basic elements of acrobatics at the first stage of long-term training makes it possible to use them to determine the level of coordination capabilities of young athletes and further improve the use of acrobatic exercises. Conclusions. A reliable relationship between the performance of basic exercises and indicators of static and dynamic balance in young acrobats at the initial stage of training. It is shown that the level of static and dynamic balance is of great importance for the assimilation and improvement of basic elements of technology by young acrobats 6-7 years. Static and dynamic balance tests can be used to individually build training programs and young acrobats. It is shown that sports acrobatics is a significant means of developing the balance of children 6-7 years.

scholarly journals The association between parameters of oral mucosal immunity and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with rampant caries

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
A. S. Putneva ◽  
T. M. Karavaeva ◽  
M. V. Maksimenya ◽  
P. P. Tereshkov ◽  
M. N. Mishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Rampant Caries

Aim. To determine the saliva level of immunoregulatory proteins in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and evaluate the association of their concentration with 25(OH)D plasma level.Materials and methods. The study was performed in two groups. The experimental group included 15 patients aged 20–22 years with rampant caries and the 25(OH)D plasma level of < 20 ng / ml. The control group encompassed 15 healthy age-matched volunteers with the 25(OH)D plasma level of 20–100 ng / ml. The concentrations of B7.2 (CD86), free active TGF-β1, CTLA-4, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, IGFBP-4, and ICAM-1 were assessed using flow cytometry. The levels of LL-37 and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were measured using ELISA. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to reveal a correlation between the indicated proteins and the 25(OH)D plasma level.Results. A decrease in B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevation of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 saliva levels were detected in patients with rampant caries and 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. A positive Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was revealed between plasma 25(OH)D and saliva levels of free active TGF-β1, CTLA4, B7.2 (CD86), LL-37, and sIgA. A negative correlation was revealed between 25(OH)Dand ICAM-1.Conclusion. 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with rampant caries is associated with decreased levels of B7.2 (CD86), PD-1, Tim-3, sIgA, and LL-37 and elevated levels of IGFBP-4 and ICAM-1 in the saliva. 

scholarly journals Informativeness of Self-Reports of ADHD Symptoms in Monitoring Response to Stimulant Treatment in Clinically Referred Adults With ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-424
Author(s):  
Joseph Biederman ◽  
Maura Fitzgerald ◽  
Thomas J. Spencer ◽  
Lenard A. Adler ◽  
Jessica Abrams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Stimulant Treatment ◽  
Clinically Referred ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Self Reports

Objective: To investigate the informativeness of self-reports of ADHD symptoms in adults with ADHD in the clinical setting. Method: Subjects were clinically referred adults aged 19 years to 67 years of age of both sexes ( N = 54). All subjects were on stable doses of stimulant and were considered responders to treatment. ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) and the ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Spearman’s rank correlations were used to assess the correlations between clinician-assessed ADHD and patients’ self-reports. Results: Spearman’s rank correlation analysis found evidence of a strong, positive association between total scores on the AISRS and the ASRS ( rs = .65, df = 52, p < .001). Conclusion: Results have important implications for the management and monitoring of treatment response in the clinical setting through patients’ self-report.

scholarly journals Dose Correlation of Danggui and Chuanxiong Drug Pairs in the Chinese Medicine Prescription Based on the Copula Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xuan Zhao ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Yunhui Chen ◽  
Anamica Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Copula Function ◽  
Prescription Database ◽  
Irregular Menstruation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Dosage is essential for studying the compatibility and effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine. Danggui and Chuanxiong are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for ailments and treatment of various disorders. 628 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Danggui and Chuanxiong were extracted from the self-built prescription database and screened for the three groups of prescriptions, i.e., irregular menstruation, sores, and stroke. We processed and tested the dosage of Danggui and Chuanxiong and selected the optimal copula function, Gumbel copula function, from the Archimedes function family and elliptical copula function family to establish the data model. To establish the presence of a correlation between the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong, a graph of the joint distribution function of rank correlation coefficients, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, was used. Our results suggest that the model using the Gumbel copula function better reflects the correlation between the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong. For irregular menstruation, sores, and strokes, Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients were 0.6724, 0.5930, and 0.7757, respectively, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients were 0.8536, 0.7812, and 0.9285, respectively. In all three prescription groups, the dose of Danggui and Chuanxiong was positively correlated, implying that, as the dosage of one drug increases, the dosage of the other increases as well. From the perspective of data mining and mathematical statistics, the use of the copula function model to evaluate the correlation between the prescribed dosage of the two drugs was innovative and provided a new model for the scientific interpretation of the compatibility of traditional drugs. This might also serve to guide the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine.

Effects of ventilation on the collection of exhaled breath in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1371-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keary A. Cope ◽  
Michael T. Watson ◽  
W. Michael Foster ◽  
Shelley S. Sehnert ◽  
Terence H. Risby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Sulfur Containing

A computerized system has been developed to monitor tidal volume, respiration rate, mouth pressure, and carbon dioxide during breath collection. This system was used to investigate variability in the production of breath biomarkers over an 8-h period. Hyperventilation occurred when breath was collected from spontaneously breathing study subjects ( n = 8). Therefore, breath samples were collected from study subjects whose breathing were paced at a respiration rate of 10 breaths/min and whose tidal volumes were gauged according to body mass. In this “paced breathing” group ( n = 16), end-tidal concentrations of isoprene and ethane correlated with end-tidal carbon dioxide levels [Spearman's rank correlation test ( rs) = 0.64, P = 0.008 and rs = 0.50, P = 0.05, respectively]. Ethane also correlated with heart rate ( rs = 0.52, P < 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between transcutaneous pulse oximetry and exhaled carbon monoxide ( rs = -0.64, P = 0.008). Significant differences were identified between men ( n = 8) and women ( n = 8) in the concentrations of carbon monoxide (4 parts per million in men vs. 3 parts per million in women; P = 0.01) and volatile sulfur-containing compounds (134 parts per billion in men vs. 95 parts per billion in women; P = 0.016). There was a peak in ethanol concentration directly after food consumption and a significant decrease in ethanol concentration 2 h later ( P = 0.01; n = 16). Sulfur-containing molecules increased linearly throughout the study period (β = 7.4, P < 0.003). Ventilation patterns strongly influence quantification of volatile analytes in exhaled breath and thus, accordingly, the breathing pattern should be controlled to ensure representative analyses.

scholarly journals Feature Genes Selection Using Supervised Locally Linear Embedding and Correlation Coefficient for Microarray Classification

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiucheng Xu ◽  
Huiyu Mu ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Fangzhou Huang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Locally Linear Embedding ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Linear Embedding ◽  
Locally Linear

The selection of feature genes with high recognition ability from the gene expression profiles has gained great significance in biology. However, most of the existing methods have a high time complexity and poor classification performance. Motivated by this, an effective feature selection method, called supervised locally linear embedding and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SLLE-SC2), is proposed which is based on the concept of locally linear embedding and correlation coefficient algorithms. Supervised locally linear embedding takes into account class label information and improves the classification performance. Furthermore, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used to remove the coexpression genes. The experiment results obtained on four public tumor microarray datasets illustrate that our method is valid and feasible.

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