Multi- and Extensive-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in ICUs: Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and co-harboring of gyrA and parC mutations

2020 ◽  
Vol EJMM29 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Enas A. Tantawy ◽  
Hanan M. El-Sayed ◽  
Heba M. Matar ◽  
Basma A. El-Azhary
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative organism that is implicated in hospital acquired infections. It confers high resistance to many classes of antibiotics. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of multi and extensive drug-resistant (MDR & XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, their risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and the presence of gyrA and parC gene mutations of quinolone resistance. Methodology: The study included 106 ICU patients (56 males & 50 females), samples were collected according to sites of infections, Acinetobacter baumannii was identified by morphology, biochemical reactions &API 20NE. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. The E-test was used to detect MIC of Ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin, then a polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to detect the occurence of gyrA and parC gene mutations of Quinolone resistance. Results: Thirty isolates were identified as Acinetobacter baumannii, most of which from respiratory infections (P=0.005) prolonged hospitalization, antibiotic use, urinary catheters & ventilator supports were found to be risk factors of infections. Acinetobacter baumannii isolates showed high resistance to most of the tested antibiotics (29 MDR & 28 XDR). All isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin & Levofloxacin with the co-presence of gyrA and parC mutations in all isolates (P<0.001). Conclusions: There is an increased prevalence of MDR & XDR Acinetobacter baumannii among ICU infections. The co-occurrence of gyrA and parC mutations is associated with high resistance to Quinolones.

Epidemiology, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Mahjuba Umme Salam ◽  
Selina Yasmin ◽  
Md. Rashedul Haque ◽  
Sharmin Ahmed ◽  
Shahidul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Background: Escherichia coli is a common causative of blood stream infection having potentials to produce significant morbidity and mortality. This organism also has the ability to develop resistance against antimicrobial agents. Knowing its epidemiology, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns can help preventing and managing bacteremia caused by this organism. Materials and methods: This was across sectional observational study carried out from February 2017 to February 2018 on 64 blood culture positive Escherichia coli infected patients admitted in Medicine inpatient of a medical college hospital. Age, sex, mode of acquisition of infection, history of prior empiric antibiotic treatment, duration of hospital stay, development of complication were observed and noted. Antibiotic susceptibility test for all isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Predesigned semi-structured data collection from was used and collected data were analyzed manually and expressed in descriptive statistical terms. Results: Of the 64 enrolled patients, 47(73.43%) were female. Average age of affection was 53.48±20.65 years and increased incidence rates (51.56%) was observed at age >60 years. Infection was communityacquired in 35.84% cases and urinary tract infection was the most frequent (46.3) risk factor. More than eighty seven percent of samples showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent and resistance to multiple drugs was associated with complications. Conclusion: Escherichia coli bacteremia has high incidence rates for antimicrobial resistance and mortality. Continuous surveillance and antibiotic susceptibility pattern monitoring is essential to develop regional antibiotic therapy protocols.

scholarly journals Correlation of Checkerboard Synergy Testing with Time-Kill Analysis and Clinical Outcomes of Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Respiratory Infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6892-6895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek N. Bremmer ◽  
Karri A. Bauer ◽  
Stephanie M. Pouch ◽  
Keelie Thomas ◽  
Debra Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Synergy Testing

ABSTRACTWe tested 76 extensively drug-resistant (XDR)Acinetobacter baumanniiisolates by the checkerboard method using only wells containing serum-achievable concentrations (SACs) of drugs. Checkerboard results were correlated by time-kill assay and clinical outcomes. Minocycline-colistin was the best combinationin vitro, as it inhibited growth in one or more SAC wells in all isolates. Patients who received a combination that inhibited growth in one or more SAC wells demonstrated better microbiological clearance than those who did not (88% versus 30%;P= 0.025). The checkerboard platform may have clinical utility for XDRA. baumanniiinfections.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylem Sercan Özgür ◽  
Elif Sahin Horasan ◽  
Kerem Karaca ◽  
Gülden Ersöz ◽  
Sibel Naycı Atış ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Resistant

Article Commentary: Strategies in the Prevention and Management of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric M. Pieracci ◽  
Philip S. Barie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. Prevention of VAP is possible through the use of several evidence-based strategies intended to minimize intubation, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and the risk of aspiration of oropharyngeal pathogens. Current data favor the quantitative analysis of lower respiratory tract cultures for the diagnosis of VAP, accompanied by the initiation of broad-spectrum empiric antimicrobial therapy based on patient risk factors for infection with multi-drug-resistant pathogens and data from unit-specific antibiograms. Eventual choice of antibiotic and duration of therapy are selected based on culture results and patient stability, with an emphasis on minimization of unnecessary antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children in South Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HEYWORTH ◽  
P. BAGHURST ◽  
K. A. McCAUL
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
School Health ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastroenteritis among children aged 4 years in South Australia. A cross-sectional survey of 9543 South Australian children aged 4 years was undertaken. Parents completed a questionnaire on behalf of their child who had attended a pre-school health check in 1998. The questionnaire covered gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms experienced by the child in the previous 2 weeks and other risk factors for gastroenteritis. The 2-week prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children was 14·2%. The major risk factors for gastroenteritis were presence of persons who had gastroenteritis inside the home, contact with persons who had gastroenteritis outside the home, antibiotic use and sore throat. Medical attention was sought for 20% of children who had gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is a significant cause of morbidity among young children and presents a considerable burden on the community. A substantial proportion of these occurrences of highly credible gastrointestinal symptoms may be manifestations of respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter radioresistens Strain LH6, a Multidrug-Resistant Bacteriophage-Propagating Strain

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay S. Crippen ◽  
Steven Huynh ◽  
William G. Miller ◽  
Craig T. Parker ◽  
Christine M. Szymanski
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants

Antimicrobial resistance is a major problem worldwide. Understanding the interplay between drug-resistant pathogens, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and related species, potentially acting as environmental reservoirs is critical for preventing the spread of resistance determinants.

P313 Risk factors for acquisition of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among cancer patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. S140-S141
Author(s):  
Y. Fukuta ◽  
Y. Doi ◽  
R.R. Muder ◽  
M.E. Agha ◽  
A.M. Hensler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant
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