scholarly journals Features of the state of the elm trees in the protective plantings of the arid zone of the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Xanthogaleruca Luteola

In the Volgograd region, which belongs to low-forest regions, old-growth plantings pre-dominate, in which about 80,0% of the total dendrological composition is accounted for by repre-sentatives of the generic Ulmus complex. In the conditions of urbanization, the pathological pro-cesses and the weakening of woody plants increases. The stable weakened state of the elm trees is typical for squares and roadside plantings (Bsr = 3.28-3.36, respectively). Favorable conditions for maintaining the life optimum of elms are formed in parks, protective forest strips and arbore-tums, where healthy or weakened trees predominate (Bsr = 1,82-1,69-1,87 respectively). Phyl-lophages of different ecological groups are trophically related to the arboreal species of Ulmus. Among leaf-eating pests, Xanthogaleruca luteola Mull is of important economic importance. The pest population varies depending on the ecological conditions of the biotopes and Ulmus species. Keywords: ULMUS, PROTECTIVE FOREST STANDS, CONDITION CATEGORY, MONITORING, ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE, PESTS, PEST POPULATION

scholarly journals Mycobiota features of aphyllophorales mushrooms in arid conditions of the south-east Euroopean Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00027
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kuragina
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Volgograd Region

An analysis of the biota of the aphyllophorales mushrooms carried out in the territory of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain natural park within the Volgograd region. Based on the results of the conducted researches, 170 species of the study group are noted in the park. The great majority of identified species are saprotrophs on dead fallen wood. The largest number of species was found on Quercus robur, Populus alba, P. nigra и Fraxinus lanceolata. The largest number mushrooms ecological groups for moisture are mesophiles and xerophiles, which is typical for the arid zone.

scholarly journals Population density of the gall makers of the main forest-forming species in the stands of the Volgograd Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
М.Н. Белицкая ◽  
И.Р. Грибуст ◽  
О.С. Филимонова ◽  
К.Я. Блюм
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Protective Forest ◽  
Information Characteristics

Оптимизация среды путем лесомелиоративного обустройства территорий влечет за собой трансформацию аборигенных сообществ флоры и фауны. В последние годы в защитных лесных насаждениях Волгоградской области наблюдается повышение количественного обилия галлообразующих членистоногих. Это дает основание ожидать в дальнейшем повышения разнообразия и подъема вредоносности галлообразующих членистоногих. Для аридной зоны Нижнего Поволжья впервые в полезащитных лесных полосах выполнены исследования комплекса галлообразующих насекомых. Наибольшее число видов галлообразователей зафиксировано в кронах дуба - 25 видов. Среди них преобладают орехотворки (56,0% общего видового обилия галлообразующих насекомых дуба). Ежегодно встречаются в массовом количестве представители отряда Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Cynips quercusfolii (Linnaeus, 1758), Neuroterus albipes (Schenck, 1863), N. anthracinus (Curtis, 1838), N. numismalis (Fourcroy, 1785), N. quercusbaccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) и др. Комплекс галлообразователей вяза включает 11 видов, более разнообразны в кронах этих деревьев галловые тли (44% соответственно). Постоянные обитатели листвы это: Colopha compressa (Koch, 1856) (Hemiptera, Pemphigidae), Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hartig, 1839) и E. ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), Janetiella lemeei (Kieffer, 1904) и Physemocecis ulmi (Kieffer, 1909) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Видовое богатство тлей в защитных насаждениях колеблется на уровне 24,4% от общего разнообразия этих вредителей. Количественное обилие галлообразователей характеризуется широкими различиями в биотопах. На основании полевых данных нами были рассчитаны и проанализированы информационные характеристики сообществ галлообразователей, трофически связанные с основными лесообразующими породами (Ulmus и Quercus). Вариабельность энтропийных характеристик позволит определить адаптационные возможности группы галлообразователей и спрогнозировать динамику развития вредителей в насаждениях разного породного состава и конструктивных параметров. При наличии широкой вариабельности обилия галлов четко выражен тренд зависимости от числа пород, доли главной породы и рядности (ширины) лесной полосы. Optimization of the environment by forest-reclamation arrangement entails a transformation of aboriginal communities of flora and fauna. In recent years, an increase in the quantitative abundance of gall-forming arthropods has been observed in the protective forest stands of the Volgograd Region. This gives a reason to expect further increase in the diversity and harmfulness of gall-forming arthropods in the area. For the first time, studies of the complex of gall-forming insects were carried out in the protective forest strips of the arid zone of the Lower Volga region. The largest number of insect species forming galls (25 species) is recorded in the oak crowns. Among them, Cynipoidea predominate (56.0% of the total number of species of gall-forming oak insects). Every year representatives of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) are found in large numbers: Cynips quercusfolii (Linnaeus, 1758), Neuroterus albipes (Schenck, 1863), N. anthracinus (Curtis, 1838), N. numismalis (Fourcroy, 1785), N. quercusbaccarum (Linnaeus, 1758), etc. The complex of elm gall-forming insects includes 11 species, and in the crowns of these trees gall aphids are more diverse (44%, respectively). The permanent inhabitants of the foliage are: Colopha compressa (Koch, 1856) (Hemiptera, Pemphigidae), Eriosoma lanuginosum (Hartig, 1839), E. ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Aphididae), Janetiella lemeei (Kieffer, 1904), and Physemocecis ulmi (Kieffer, 1909) (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). The taxonomic diversity of aphids in the protective forest plantings hover around 24.4% of the total diversity of these pests. The quantitative characteristics of gall-forming agents vary widely across biotopes. Based on the field data, we calculated and analyzed the information characteristics of gall-forming communities trophically related to the main forest-forming species (Ulmus and Quercus). The variability of entropy characteristics will allow to determine the adaptive capabilities of a group of gall-forming insects and predict the dynamics of pest development in plantings of different species composition and design parameters. In the presence of a wide variability in the abundance of galls, the trend of dependence on the number of breeds, the share of the main breed and the row (width) of the forest strip is clearly expressed.

scholarly journals Recovery of the bird population within pine forests after the catastrophic fires in 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Julia Alexandrovna Sorokina ◽  
Elena Evgenievna Boryakova
Keyword(s):  
Bird Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Population Restoration ◽  
Reference Environment

Process of bird population restoration after fires was investigated in two protected areas in the Volga river basin in central Russia. Anthropogenic pressure in Kerzhensky and Mordovsky nature reserves is very low, it made possible to discover some characteristics of the process of bird population restoration in reference environment. The counts were carried out both in the affected areas of the reserves, and in unaffected parts. The studied area was in its five year after the fire. Dynamics of post fire bird population restoration and its dependence on both the age and history of the original ecosystems were investigated. The authors present the results of dominant species analysis and information about their distribution in the investigated natural reserves. The authors show peculiarities and proportions of ecological groups of birds in the studied territories as well as their proportion. The influence of hydrological parameters on bird communities composition was investigated, it turned out that post fire partial inundation leads to increase of waders of Gallinago and Tringa genera. Species diversity of bird communities in affected areas was considered. Using Pielous index it was found that species evenness remained relatively high, i.e. no significant increase of dominance was observed after the fires. The authors analyzed the composition of ornitocomplexes in terms of different faunistic groups.

scholarly journals Influence of rootstock on the quality of sweet cherry fruits in the conditions of the Lower Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
OA Nikolskay ◽  
A V Solonkin ◽  
E N Kikteva
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Fruit Plantations

Abstract Sweet cherry is a thermophilic and whimsical crop that reacts painfully to unfavorable meteorological conditions, such as frost, drought or high humidity in the air and soil. At the same time, this crop requires a uniform supply of heat and moisture during the growing season. In the climatic conditions of the Volgograd region, stressful situations often arise that can partially or completely reduce the yield of fruit crops, especially those introduced to our region from other regions. To reduce the risk of losing the yield of fruit plantations, including sweet cherry, it is necessary to pay special attention to the choice of the variety, as well as the rootstock on which this variety is grafted. The publication presents the results of studying the influence of rootstocks on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of sweet cherry fruits, such as taste, weight, uniformity, color, and productivity. According to the results of the study in the field (in the garden), varietal-rootstock combinations were identified that have one-dimensional, crack-resistant, large fruits, while maintaining high and stable productivity. According to the results of research, it was found that the rootstock affects not only the strength of growth and the shape of the crown, but also the quality of the fruit. The most dependent of the studied varieties on the type of rootstock is Euphoria, the lowest weight of berries was observed on the rootstock VSL-1. At the same time, this rootstock has a higher percentage of resistance to cracking of the fruit. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that with the help of rootstock, it becomes possible to influence the quality indicators of fruits.

scholarly journals Level and Characteristics of Interfaith Tension of the Bottom Volga Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Ivan Suslov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Interfaith Relations ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
High Level

The article analyzes the data of a sociological survey conducted in the spring of 2020 of the Bottom Volga area by the research team of the Department of history, political science and sociology of the Saratov state law Academy. Primary sociological information was collected using the Internet survey of respondents using the Google forms service. The sample size was 1,100 people. Representatives of the Astrakhan region (184 respondents), Volgograd region (307) and Saratov region (609) were interviewed. The empirical study allowed us to determine the influence of respondents' religion on the perception of religious threats, as well as problems of interfaith dialogue. The regional specifics of the quality of interfaith relations were revealed, and the levels of religious tension in the Astrakhan, Volgograd and Saratov regions were compared. The survey revealed hidden tensions in the region's interfaith relations (including among the Orthodox majority). Representatives of the Muslim community showed an optimistic attitude in their responses. A potentially dangerous predisposition to politicizing religion has been identified among those groups that are under pressure to identify with their faith. The study revealed: there is a high level of concern about issues of faith among representatives of the Muslim community; a positive attitude towards increasing the role of religion in socio-political life, increasing the level of secularization of society. Atheists of the Lower Volga region showed open dissatisfaction with the state of religious relations in the region. Atheists of the Lower Volga region showed open dissatisfaction with the state of religious relations in the region. This group appears as an object of the religious security system, which under pressure is transformed into a subject protesting against secularization processes. The author concludes that the main strategy should be to study and solve the internal problems of religious minorities, and a complementary strategy can be to counteract external (foreign) religious threats.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Sites in the Don Basin on the Territory of Volgograd Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-187
Author(s):  
Stanislav Remizov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volga Basin ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The locations of the Stone Age on the Volgograd region territory have been known since the beginning of the XIX century. However, purposeful Stone Age sites explorations had only started after the Sukhaya Mechetka site was discovered by A.P. Koptev and M.N. Grischenko in 1951. The data accumulated on series of stratified sites in Volgograd Region makes it possible to outline two significant groups of them. One of the groups belongs to the Lower Volga basin. The other group is associated with the ramified network of gullies and ravines and multiple tributaries of the Don. The Don is the fourth longest river on the Russian Plain; its basin taken in the Volgograd Region is several times larger than the Volga basin taken in the area. The relatively flat landscape of the Don plain, saturated with small rivers, gullies and ravines, as well as stone raw materials available for mining, have been creating favorable conditions for human habitation since the Middle Paleolithic. The well-known Paleolithic and Mesolithic sites are found both in the watersheds and in the floodplain-terrace areas of the Middle Don. The near-mouth section of the Kurmoyarsky Aksai river – the Don tributary in Kotelnikovo District – and the surroundings of Kremenskaya village in Kletskaya District are standing out in terms of being studied. The stone industry detected in the lower layers of the multilayered site Schlyakh indicates that the Don plain was inhabited by people during the Middle to the Upper Paleolithic transition. The prospects of further searches for Stone Age sites in the Middle Don Basin had already been proven by the discovery of at least forty sites in previous decades. Further archaeological research will help to discover new stratified sites with impressive collections of stone and bone items, which will make it possible to draw analogies with synchronous sites in the territories adjacent to the Volgograd region.

scholarly journals Creation and study of raw material for grain sorghum breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04018
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
V I Zhuzhukin ◽  
V V Pylnev ◽  
L G Kurasova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Variety Testing

For the arid zone of the Lower Volga region, grain sorghum is an important forage crop. The paper presents the results of a comparative assessment of grain yield and biomass of breeding lines of grain sorghum in the nursery of preliminary variety testing. The volume of the nursery for the preliminary variety testing was 117 breeding lines. The most productive were the breeding lines of grain sorghum, the grain yield of which reached 3.95 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-56); 4.10 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-113); 4.15 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-55); 4.50 t / ha (line PSI-17 / EV-92) with a yield of 3.75 t / ha of the standard variety Volzhskoe 4. As a result of scientific research, the promising breeding lines of grain sorghum were identified: PSI-17 / EV-56 and PSI-17 / EV-92, which were recommended to be submitted for competitive variety testing. It is advisable to use the breeding line of grain sorghum PSI-17 / EV-54V for early maturity. The breeding lines of grain sorghum: PSI-17 / EV-56 and PSI-17 / EV-90 are planned to be included in crosses to create varieties and hybrids with high grain quality. Breeding lines of grain sorghum: PSI-17 / EV-50, PSI-17 / EV-54, PSI-17 / EV-92 and PSI-17 / EV-127 are planned to be used in breeding for biomass yield.

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