scholarly journals Immunomodulatory activities of non-commercialized leafy vegetables in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Berushka Padayachee
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Asystasia Gangetica

Immunomodulation using plants is of primary interest in scientific communities because it provides an alternative to conventional chemotherapy for a wide range of diseases. It is based on the ability of the plants to effectively modulate immune functions, thus being able to promote positive health and maintain the body’s resistance to infection. This research is aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of fourteen traditional leafy vegetables from Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In this study the methanolic and aqueous extracts were screened for lymphocyte proliferation using the MTT assay. The cytokine response was evaluated by measuring the secretion of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) using the ELISA assay. The subpopulation of T cells viz., CD4+, CD8+, NK and B cells were measured by flow cytometry. Most of the methanolic extracts stimulated PBMC’s whilst a few suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. Most of the aqueous extracts were inactive. The methanolic extracts of Amaranthus hybridus and Centella asiatica stimulated PBMC’s and showed an increase in IFN-γ secretion and the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and B cells. Thus, they induced the Tc-1 immune response and stimulated cell mediated immunity. The methanolic extracts of Asystasia gangetica, Bidens pilosa, Emex australis, Justicia flava Momordica balsamina, Oxygonum sinuatum, Senna occidentalis and Sonchus oleraceous and the aqueous extracts of Amaranthus spinosus and Asystasia gangetica, Ceratotheca triloba, Oxygonum sinuatum, Physalis viscosa and Sonchus oleaceous stimulated PBMC’s and showed an increase in IL-10 secretion and the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and B cells. Thus, they induced the Tc-2 immune response and stimulated humoral immunity. Also, the methanolic extracts of Amaranthus spinosus and Ceratotheca triloba and the aqueous extracts of Bidens pilosa and Justicia flava increased both IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and the CD8+ vii cytotoxic T cells indicating the stimulation of both the Tc1 and Tc2 cytokine profiles. The elevated secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10 caused by the extracts can be attributed to the CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and B cells. The findings of this study show that leafy vegetables hold promise as immunomodulatory candidates. They may enhance cell-mediated immune functions by a pro-inflammatory response whilst some can promote humoral immune functions by means of an anti-inflammatory response. Further investigation should be considered on the effect of the extracts on other immune parameters.

scholarly journals Pregnancy-Associated Alterations of Peripheral Blood Immune Cell Numbers in Domestic Sows Are Modified by Social Rank

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Christiane Schalk ◽  
Birgit Pfaffinger ◽  
Sonja Schmucker ◽  
Ulrike Weiler ◽  
Volker Stefanski
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Immune Functions

During pregnancy, the maternal immune system is characterized by a shift from adaptive to innate immune functions. Besides, the immune system can be influenced by social rank. Detailed knowledge of pregnancy-associated immune changes and of the interplay of rank-associated and gestation-induced immunomodulations is still fragmentary in sows. This study investigates both the numbers of various blood leukocyte subpopulations during pregnancy and the influence of social rank position on progressing pregnancy-associated alterations in group-housed sows. Sows were classified as low (LR), middle (MR), or high-ranking (HR). Five blood samples were collected from each of the 35 sows throughout pregnancy to evaluate the distribution of blood lymphocyte subpopulations and plasma cortisol concentrations. The numbers of T, natural killer (NK), and B cells, cytotoxic T cells (CTL), and CD8+ γδ- T cells decreased during the last trimester of pregnancy, while neutrophils and plasma cortisol concentration increased before parturition. Social rank revealed different effects on B cells and monocytes with MR sows showing higher numbers than LR sows. Plasma cortisol concentrations also tended to be higher in MR sows as compared to LR sows. In conclusion, sows show pregnancy-associated alterations in the immune system, which are influenced by social rank, as middle-ranking sows in particular display signs of stress-induced immunomodulations.

scholarly journals Selective Induction of Th2-Attracting Chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in Human B Cells by Latent Membrane Protein 1 of Epstein-Barr Virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1665-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakayama ◽  
Kunio Hieshima ◽  
Daisuke Nagakubo ◽  
Emiko Sato ◽  
Masahiro Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Th1 Cells ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT Chemokines are likely to play important roles in the pathophysiology of diseases associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Here, we have analyzed the repertoire of chemokines expressed by EBV-infected B cells. EBV infection of B cells induced expression of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22, which are known to attract Th2 cells and regulatory T cells via CCR4, and also upregulated constitutive expression of MIP-1α/CCL3, MIP-1β/CCL4, and RANTES/CCL5, which are known to attract Th1 cells and cytotoxic T cells via CCR5. Accordingly, EBV-immortalized B cells secreted these chemokines, especially CCL3, CCL4, and CCL22, in large quantities. EBV infection or stable expression of LMP1 also induced CCL17 and CCL22 in a B-cell line, BJAB. The inhibitors of the TRAF/NF-κB pathway (BAY11-7082) and the p38/ATF2 pathway (SB202190) selectively suppressed the expression of CCL17 and CCL22 in EBV-immortalized B cells and BJAB-LMP1. Consistently, transient-transfection assays using CCL22 promoter-reporter constructs demonstrated that two NF-κB sites and a single AP-1 site were involved in the activation of the CCL22 promoter by LMP1. Finally, serum CCL22 levels were significantly elevated in infectious mononucleosis. Collectively, LMP1 induces CCL17 and CCL22 in EBV-infected B cells via activation of NF-κB and probably ATF2. Production of CCL17 and CCL22, which attract Th2 and regulatory T cells, may help EBV-infected B cells evade immune surveillance by Th1 cells. However, the concomitant production of CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 by EBV-infected B cells may eventually attract Th1 cells and cytotoxic T cells, leading to elimination of EBV-infected B cells at latency III and to selection of those with limited expression of latent genes.

scholarly journals P2.03-37 The Efficiency of Octamer-4 Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Induce By CD40-B Cells in Killing Lung Cancer Stem-Like Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. S730
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
J. Xu ◽  
F. Hu ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
X. Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells

scholarly journals New insights in the biology of Hodgkin lymphoma

Hematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Küppers
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Cell Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Program ◽  
Multiple Signaling ◽  
Cell Gene

Abstract The Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) tumor cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and the lymphocyte-predominant tumor cells of nodular lymphocyte–predominant HL are both derived from germinal center B cells. HRS cells, however, have largely lost their B-cell gene-expression program and coexpress genes typical of various types of hematopoietic cells. Multiple signaling pathways show a deregulated activity in HRS cells. The genetic lesions involved in the pathogenesis of HL are only partly known, but numerous members and regulators of the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways are affected, suggesting an important role for these pathways in HL pathogenesis. Some genetic lesions involve epigenetic regulators, and there is emerging evidence that HRS cells have undergone extensive epigenetic alterations compared with normal B cells. HRS and lymphocyte-predominant cells are usually rare in the lymphoma tissue, and interactions with other cells in the microenvironment are likely critical for HL pathophysiology. T cells represent a main population of infiltrating cells, and it appears that HRS cells both inhibit cytotoxic T cells efficiently and also receive survival signals from Th cells in direct contact with them.

scholarly journals Human macrophage inflammatory protein alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and MIP-1 beta chemokines attract distinct populations of lymphocytes.

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 1821-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Schall ◽  
K Bacon ◽  
R D Camp ◽  
J W Kaspari ◽  
D V Goeddel
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Protein ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Macrophage Inflammatory Protein

Lymphocyte trafficking is an essential process in immune and inflammatory functions which can be thought to contain at least two main components: adhesion and migration. Whereas adhesion molecules such as the selections are known to mediate the homing of leukocytes from the blood to the endothelium, the chemoattractant substances responsible for the migration of specific subsets of lymphocytes to sites of infection or inflammation are largely unknown. Here we show that two molecules in the chemokine (for chemoattractant cytokine) superfamily, human macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and MIP-1 beta, do not share identical attractant activities for lymphocyte subpopulations. When analyzed in vitro in microchemotaxis experiments, HuMIP-1 beta tends to attract CD4+ T lymphocytes, with some preference for T cells of the naive (CD45RA) phenotype. HuMIP-1 alpha, when tested in parallel with HuMIP-1 beta, is a more potent lymphocyte chemoattractant with a broader range of concentration-dependent chemoattractant specificities. HuMIP-1 alpha at a concentration of 100 pg/ml attracts B cells and cytotoxic T cells, whereas at higher concentrations (10 ng/ml), the migration of these cells appears diminished, and the migration of CD4+ T cells is enhanced. Thus, in this assay system, HuMIP-1 alpha and -1 beta have differential attractant activities for subsets of immune effector cells, with HuMIP-1 alpha having greater effects than HuMIP-1 beta, particularly on B cells.

OVAREX™ MAb-B43.13:IFN-γ Could Improve the Ovarian Tumor Cell Sensitivity to CA125-Specific Allogenic Cytotoxic T Cells

Hybridoma ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MADIYALAKAN ◽  
R. YANG ◽  
B.C. SCHULTES ◽  
R.P. BAUM ◽  
A.A. NOUJAIM
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Cell Sensitivity ◽  
Ovarian Tumor Cell ◽  
Ifn Γ

scholarly journals Efficient Generation of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Using Retrovirally Transduced CD40-Activated B Cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 169 (4) ◽  
pp. 2164-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisei Kondo ◽  
Max S. Topp ◽  
Hans-Peter Kiem ◽  
Yuichi Obata ◽  
Yasuo Morishima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Efficient Generation ◽  
Activated B Cells

scholarly journals Reactive lymphocytes in lacrimal gland and vasculitic renal lesions of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice express L3T4.

1987 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 1198-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Jabs ◽  
R A Prendergast
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Immunologic Response ◽  
Inflammatory Lesions ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Renal Vasculitis ◽  
Reactive Lymphocytes

The lacrimal gland inflammatory lesions and renal vasculitic lesions of autoimmune MRL/lpr mice were analyzed for the lymphocyte subsets present. The majority of cells were Thy-1.2+ T cells (mean, 85%) of the L3T4+ helper T phenotype (mean, 64 and 58%, respectively). Lesser numbers of Lyt-2+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and macrophages were present. The finding that the majority of lymphocytes in both the lacrimal gland inflammatory lesions and renal vasculitis of MRL/lpr mice expressed L3T4 suggests that these cells may be capable of responding to antigen presentation and that an active immunologic response occurs at these sites.

CD8 T cells induce T-bet–dependent migration toward CXCR3 ligands by differentiated B cells produced during responses to alum-protein vaccines

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (23) ◽  
pp. 4552-4559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Serre ◽  
Adam F. Cunningham ◽  
Ruth E. Coughlan ◽  
Andreia C. Lino ◽  
Antal Rot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Cxcr3 Expression ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Abstract Antibody-forming cells (AFCs) expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR3 are recruited to sites of inflammation where they help clear pathogens but may participate in autoimmune diseases. Here we identify a mechanism that induces CXCR3 expression by AFC and germinal center (GC) B cells. This happens when CD8 T cells are recruited into CD4 T cell–dependent B-cell responses. Ovalbumin-specific CD4 T cells (OTII) were transferred alone or with ovalbumin-specific CD8 T cells (OTI) and the response to subcutaneous alum-precipitated ovalbumin was followed in the draining lymph nodes. OTII cells alone induce T helper 2-associated class switching to IgG1, but few AFC or GC B cells express CXCR3. By contrast, OTI-derived IFN-γ induces most responding GC B cells and AFCs to express high levels of CXCR3, and diverse switching to IgG2a, IgG2b, with some IgG1. Up-regulation of CXCR3 by GC B cells and AFCs and their migration toward its ligand CXCL10 are shown to depend on B cells' intrinsic T-bet, a transcription factor downstream of the IFN-γR signaling. This model clarifies how precursors of long-lived AFCs and memory B cells acquire CXCR3 that causes their migration to inflammatory foci.

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