scholarly journals Use of air dispersion modelling to determine the impact of gas emissions from coal-fired boilers in South African Durban basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phumulani Mkhize
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Dispersion Modelling ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

The use of fossil fuel due to industrialisation has increased over time and resulted to atmospheric pollution. Industrial facilities utilise fossil fuel as a boiler fuel, pollutants like Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide are generated from the combustion process. Air pollution has been and continues to be a significant health hazard over the world. Exposure to air pollution is an issue of concern due to human health and the environment. Considering that air pollution is associated with a series of adverse health effects, it is important to predict emissions from boiler stack. The purpose of this study was to analyse the distribution of atmospheric emissions emanating from boilers in the South Durban Industrial Basin. Three boilers i.e. boilers 1, 3 and 4 were considered during this research. The study focuses on the distribution of Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide concentration emitted from coal fired boilers using Gaussian Dispersion Modelling. In this research, AERMOD, which is the dispersion modelling program approved by the US EPA, was used. The results of these modelling scenario were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The results depicted that the concentrations of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions from coal fired boilers were below the national ambient air quality standard, whereas the concentration of Particulate Matter emission in the vicinity of the receiving environment exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Nitrogen Oxide was released at 7.91 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 40.86 and 18.35 g/s respectively. However, the temperatures at which these gases were released were all the same (450.20 K). Boilers 3 and 4 shared a stack i.e. emission emanating from both boilers are emitted through a single point source. The stack diameters for boilers 3 and 4 (0.8 m and 1.2 m respectively) were lower than that of boiler 1 (2.6 m). Similarly, boilers 3 and 4 had less stack heights (27.5 m and 30.5 m respectively) in comparison with boiler 1 (47.5 m). For boiler 3, the rates at which nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released were 2.26, 0.12 and 3.84 g/s respectively. On the hand, for boiler 4, nitrogen oxide was released at 14.5 g/s whereas sulphur dioxide and particulate matter were released at 5.54 and 26.23 g/s respectively. The exit velocities for boilers 1, 3 and 4 were 12.2, 7.1 and 17.5 m/s respectively. These velocities were achieved at temperatures of 450.2, 320 and 504 K respectively.

scholarly journals Ambient Air Quality and General Health Outcomes in Nigde (Turkey) between 2011 and 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertan Kara ◽  
Hasan Göksel Özdilek ◽  
Emine Erman Kara ◽  
Fatih Balcı ◽  
Burcu Mestav
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Ambient Air Quality

Background: We aimed to provide information for health practitioners and other related people about the association between ambient air quality and adverse health outcomes in the general population of Nigde, a central Turkish city, within the context of current health data epidemiological evidence. Methods: The present study highlights the connection between health problems and time series of particulate matter (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in Nigde, Turkey between 2011 and 2017. Significant morbidity is linked to ambient air pollution, resulting in a significant economic cost to society. Results: We found that the required funds to treat cancers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease triggered by ambient air pollution in Nigde, exceed 9 million US dollars per year, even when only the city center is taken into account. Conclusion: As Turkish cities grow and urban population density increases, air pollution issues need to be given priority in order to protect the health of the public and support sustainable development for future generations. It is recommended that particulate matter concentration in this urban center should be significantly reduced to minimize health problems.

Umfang und Grenzen der Luftreinhalteplanung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Berger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Limit Value

Since the rulings of the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG) of 27 February 2018 on the Stuttgart and Düsseldorf air pollution control plans, diesel driving bans have become one of the best-known but also most controversial measures in the context of air pollution control planning. The reason for this is that the limit value for nitrogen dioxide, which is based on the requirements of the Ambient Air Quality Directive under EU law, is exceeded, particularly in conurbations. Taking into account the legal and administrative court requirements for the proportionality of traffic bans, the current challenges for the instrument of the air pollution control plan are shown and the implementation of planned measures in practice is examined on the basis of selected air pollution control plans.

scholarly journals Long-term air pollution exposure and diabetes risk in the elderly population.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Yitshak Sade ◽  
Liuhua Shi ◽  
Elena Colicino ◽  
Heresh Amini ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Air Quality Standards ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern. We assessed the association between air pollution and first documented diabetes occurrence in a national U.S. cohort of Medicare enrollees to estimate incidence risk. Research design and methods: We included all Medicare enrollees 65 years and older in the fee-for-service program, part A and part B, in the contiguous United States (2000-2016). Participants were followed annually until the first recorded diabetes diagnosis, end of enrollment, or death. We obtained air pollution annual estimates of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) exposures from highly spatiotemporally resolved prediction models. We assessed the simultaneous effect of the pollutants on diabetes incidence using Poisson survival analysis with adjustment for temporal and spatial confounders. We repeated the models in data restricted to ZIP codes with air pollution levels not exceeding the ambient air quality standards during the study period. Results: We have included 264,869,458 person-years of 41,780,637 people. We observed nonlinear associations between the three pollutants and diabetes, with larger risks at lower levels for PM2.5 and O3. When restricting the data to lower air pollution levels, an increased risk for diabetes (Incidence Rate Ratio [95% Confidence Interval] was associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in PM2.5 (1.048 [1.045;1.051]), O3 (1.016 [1.014;1.18]), and NO2 (1.040 [1.037; 1.043]). Conclusion: We found increased diabetes risk associated with air pollution exposures. The observed effects remained in exposure levels below the national ambient air quality standards in the U.S.

Nitrogen dioxide inside and outside 137 homes and implications for ambient air quality standards and health effects research

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Spengler ◽  
Colin P. Duffy ◽  
Richard. Letz ◽  
Theodore W. Tibbitts ◽  
Benjamin G. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Air Quality Standards ◽  
Ambient Air Quality Standards
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