scholarly journals Application of DMAIC to improve energy consumption in a commercial building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kanyinda Kabuya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Electrical Consumption

Improving energy use in a commercial building has become the subject of great importance in organizations worldwide. Improving energy usage refers to the efforts to reduce energy consumption. Reducing energy consumption in commercial buildings can be accomplished through continuous supervision using appropriate managerial techniques. Commercial companies are required to use energy more efficiently and participate in energy improvement. This study seeks to improve electrical energy consumption in commercial buildings by Analysing the electrical data consumption and identifying the factors that contribute to high consumption using Six Sigma DMAIC (Define-Measure- Analyse-Improve-Control) problem solving methodology. A case study was used to validate the DMAIC framework. Two years of electrical consumption data of a case study done from January 2018 to December 2019 was collected and analysed. The study revealed an average increment in energy consumption of 3.9 %. The outcomes using statistical Pareto chart showed that the boiler is the highest significant energy user in the building with 38.3% due; followed by the kitchen with 24.2 %, followed by DB A and lifts with 20,1 % and the rest with 17.37 %. After the campaign of DMAIC, there was a reduction of 6 % in boiler consumption which was 2.3 % reduction of total consumption of the month for the building. Therefore, the study successfully demonstrates how Six Sigma DMAIC methodology can be applied to improve electrical consumption in a commercial building and reduce its related costs.

scholarly journals Improving Energy Conservation Using Six Sigma Methodology at Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah binti Mohd Razali ◽  
Wan Mohamad Asyraf Bin Wan Afthanorhan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Mathematical Sciences ◽  
Six Sigma Methodology ◽  
Electrical Consumption ◽  
Six Sigma Approach

Electrical consumption is increasing rapidly in Malaysia due to the sustenance of a modern economy way of living. Recently, the Vice Chancellor of University Technology MARA, Tan Sri Dato’ Professor Ir Dr Sahol Hamid Abu Bakar has shown a great deal of concern regarding the high electrical energy consumption in UiTM’s main campus in Shah Alam. This study seeks to evaluate the factors that contribute to high electrical energy consumption in the Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM), UiTM using the Six Sigma methodology and to compare electrical energy consumptions before and after the EC (Energy Conservation) initiative campaign. Many companies worldwide continue to achieve improvements in business performance using the Six Sigma approach. The electrical consumption from January 2011 until December 2013 was analyzed using five stages of Six Sigma which is Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC). The total electrical consumption for 2011 was 1, 648, 791 kwH (RM 514,422.79) and 1, 657, 808 kwH (RM 517, 236.10) in 2012 which is an increase of 0.5% (RM 2813.31 or 9017 kwH). From the results obtained, Pareto chart shows that air-conditioner (57%) is the major factor that contributes to high consumption of electricity, followed by lightings (22%), sockets (16%) and others (5%). The electrical consumption was almost doubled when the new semester begun. After the campaign, there was a reduction of 2% in electrical consumption. This study has successfully implemented Six Sigma methodology which involves a systematic DMAIC process to evaluate electrical consumption in FSKM.

A methodology to estimate baseline energy use and quantify savings in electrical energy consumption in higher education institution buildings: Case study, Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 118551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Alberto Ocampo Batlle ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Electo Eduardo Silva Lora ◽  
Arnaldo Martín Martínez Reyes ◽  
Maurish Melian Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Higher Education Institution

scholarly journals Energetic Analysis of Rice Processing Plant: A Case Study of Hisar District in Haryana

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Parmod Sharma ◽  
. Yadvika ◽  
Kanishk Verma ◽  
Y. K. Yadav ◽  
. Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Processing Operation ◽  
Energetic Analysis ◽  
Rice Processing

A study was conducted to find out electrical and manual energy use pattern in post harvest rice processing operation in modern rice Plant at Hisar district of Haryana. Planting capacity of rice Plant is 200 tons per day and Plant operated 20 hours in one day. The processing operation adopted in modern rice Plant viz, parboiling, drying, polishing & dehusking, sorting & grading and packaging. In processing of rice, modern rice Plant utilized total electrical and manual energy were 64965.5 and 987.84 MJ/day. It was found that the electrical energy consumption of Plant in parboiling 10010.88, drying 16663.80, polishing & dehusking 22936.32, sorting & grading 14445.09 and packaging 1054.18 MJ/day were required. Operation wise manual energy used during the parboiling & drying 235.2, polishing & dehusking 188.16, sorting & grading 94.08 and packaging 470.40 MJ/day.

scholarly journals Evaluation of CO2 emissions and energy use with different container terminal layouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif Budiyanto ◽  
Muhammad Hanzalah Huzaifi ◽  
Simon Juanda Sirait ◽  
Putu Hangga Nan Prayoga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Container Handling

AbstractSustainable development of container terminals is based on energy efficiency and reduction in CO2 emissions. This study estimated the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in container terminals according to their layouts. Energy consumption was calculated based on utility data as well as fuel and electricity consumptions for each container-handling equipment in the container terminal. CO2 emissions were estimated using movement modality based on the number of movements of and distance travelled by each container-handling equipment. A case study involving two types of container terminal layouts i.e. parallel and perpendicular layouts, was conducted. The contributions of each container-handling equipment to the energy consumption and CO2 emissions were estimated and evaluated using statistical analysis. The results of the case study indicated that on the CO2 emissions in parallel and perpendicular layouts were relatively similar (within the range of 16–19 kg/TEUs). These results indicate that both parallel and perpendicular layouts are suitable for future ports based on sustainable development. The results can also be used for future planning of operating patterns and layout selection in container terminals.

An Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Consumption in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kahn ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
The Usa ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lockdown measures and mobility restrictions to combat the spread of COVID-19 have impacted energy consumption patterns. The overall decline of energy use during lockdown restrictions can best be identified through the analysis of energy consumption by source and end-use sectors. Using monthly energy consumption data, the total 9-months use between January and September for the years 2015–2020 is calculated for each end-use sector (transportation, industrial, residential, and commercial). The cumulative consumption within these 9 months of the petroleum, natural gas, biomass, and electricity energy by the various end-use sectors are compared. The analysis shows that the transportation sector experienced the greatest decline (14.38%). To further analyze the impact of COVID-19 on each state within the USA, the consumption of electricity by each state and each end-use sector in the times before and during the pandemic is used to identify the impact of specific lockdown procedures on energy use. The distinction of state-by-state analysis in this study provides a unique metric for consumption forecasting. The average total consumption for each state was found for the years 2015–2019. The total average annual growth rate (AAGR) for 2020 was used to find a correlation coefficient between COVID-19 case and death rate, population density, and lockdown duration. A correlation coefficient was also calculated between the 2020 AAGR for all sectors and AAGR for each individual end-user. The results show that Indiana had the highest percent reduction in consumption of 10.07% while North Dakota had the highest consumption increase of 7.61%. This is likely due to the amount of industrial consumption relative to other sectors in the state.

scholarly journals The Effect of Energy Consumption on Output: A Panel Data Study of Manufacturing Industries in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 490
Author(s):  
Iman Al-Ayouty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Electrical Machinery ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
Energy Products

Subsidizing electricity and non-electrical energy products has affected manufacturing output in Egypt, especially given the structure of Egypt’s manufacturing sector which leaning heavily towards capital- and energy-intensive products. This effect is captured in a production function estimated for the twenty industries making up Egypt’s manufacturing sector over the period 2002-2016. With homogeneous parameters, the estimated output elasticity of energy is 0.28. With panel member parameter heterogeneity, the output elasticity of energy is positive and statistically significant in ten manufacturing industries. Negative and statistically significant elasticity is however found in refined petroleum products, fabricated metal products, and electrical machinery and equipment. This indicates suboptimal energy use. Elasticity is also negative, though statistically insignificant, in: textiles, basic metals, and “other manufacturing”. Except for “other manufacturing”, industries of negative elasticity are all energy-intensive.  Moreover, refined petroleum, fabricated metals and basic metals are pollution-intensive. A priority policy measure is to remove subsidies from energy inefficient and polluting industries as opposed to mere ‘across-the-board’ removal. Keywords: energy consumption; manufacturing industries; energy- and pollution intensive; Egypt

scholarly journals Methodological analysis for assessing the relation of the energy cost with losses of water – a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e199101220265
Author(s):  
Matheus Gonçalves Silqueira ◽  
Fernando das Graças Braga da Silva ◽  
Alex Takeo Yasumura Lima Silva ◽  
Claudio Abiar Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
System Diagnosis ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Pumping Stations

The rational use of energy is being increasingly encouraged. In some countries, there are even subsidies for industries to adopt energy efficiency measures. One of the sectors with great opportunities for efficiency is sanitation, where a large part of energy consumption refers to pumping stations. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the consumption of electrical energy and possible reduction of electrical energy consumption in a sector of study of the Autonomous Water and Sewage Service (SAAE) of the municipality in the south of Minas Gerais. To determine the measures to be taken to reduce energy costs, it is necessary to perform a system diagnosis. For this, field trials were carried out. The study sector had an average expense of R$ 42,097.44/year due to water losses in the system. When considering only electricity costs, they represent 34.20% of the costs in relation to water losses (R$ 14,395.90/year). The system presented 27.73% of total water losses, an energy consumption of 0.6627 kWh/m³ only for the R3 pumping station and 1.302 kWh/m³ when also considering the Water Collection and Treatment Plant (WTP).

scholarly journals An exploration of the feasibility of converting the New Zealand commercial building stock to be Net Zero Energy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shaan Cory
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Models ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero

This thesis explores the feasibility of converting the current New Zealand commercial building stock to Net Zero Energy (NZE). The analysis presented is grounded in real building performance and construction information. The goal was to establish results that are as realistic as possible to actual building performance. The Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB) concept is one of many low energy building movements that respond to the issues of climate change and energy security. The Net ZEB concept strives to reduce demand for energy and then to offset any residual energy consumption with non-CO2 emitting renewable energy technologies. The (re-)design focus for Net ZEBs is to reduce annual energy consumption to be equal to or less than any generated renewable energy. This is an important concept since approximately 40 percent of all energy and emissions worldwide are building related. If all buildings were designed and operated to be NZE, the existing energy can be used by other sectors which will increase energy security. Conversely, reducing the fossil fuel CO2 producing component of the energy consumed by buildings has the benefit of negating building’s contribution to climate change. The Net ZEB concept assumes each building is grid-connected, and balances the energy taken from the grid against the energy put back into the grid over a year. This study exploits the available synergies of the grid connection to achieve NZE for the whole building stock. Thus each individual building does not need to be NZE at the site, but they act as a community to reach NZE collectively. Furthermore, any grid-tied renewable energy does not need to be offset, only the non-renewable portion. A NZE target was calculated to determine the percentage reduction in current energy consumption needed before the current commercial building stock could be considered NZE. It was found that a 45 percent reduction in primary energy would offset all non-renewable CO2 emitting energy supply currently consumed by the New Zealand commercial building stock. Previous studies assessing whether converting an entire stock of commercial buildings to NZE is possible used prototypical building energy models. Prototypical models represent a hypothetical average building and have many assumptions about the way a building is operated. This thesis develops a method that takes a representative sample of real commercial buildings and makes calibrated energy models that can be aggregated to represent energy consumption for all commercial buildings in New Zealand. The developed calibration method makes use of as-built building information and a standardised procedure for identifying the inaccurate model inputs which need to be corrected for a building energy model to be calibrated. To further base the process in reality, a set of Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) that had been implemented in real Net ZEBs worldwide was adopted for the proposed retrofits. These ECMs were combined into Net ZEB solution sets for retrofitting the aggregated commercial building models. Optimisation of the Net ZEB solution sets was performed on hundreds of models to maximise energy savings. It took over six months for all of the optimisations to be completed. This thesis demonstrates the estimated New Zealand commercial building stock’s energy consumption based upon the calibrated energy models was robust by comparing it to an external estimate. It shows that NZE can be achieved by applying well understood Net ZEB solution sets to the New Zealand commercial building stock. 96 percent of the NZE goal is attainable just through demand reduction without the use of onsite renewable energy generation. The additional four percent of reduction required to meet NZE is easily attainable with onsite renewable generation. Another benefit is that the retrofitted commercial buildings will provide improved thermal comfort for the occupants. Having established NZE was possible, this thesis concludes with an analysis of the broader implications of achieving the NZE goal. It identifies the next step would be to design a NZE commercial building stock that reduces the stresses on the existing energy infrastructure. The Solution Set adopted was not developed with the interaction of the building and electrical grid in mind. To have a practical implementation of NZE will require costing and community prioritisation. This would be the next phase of work assessing nationwide NZE retrofit.

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