scholarly journals Functional characterisation of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment systems

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nishani Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Functional Characterisation ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Atmospheric nitrogen pollution is on the increase and human activities are directly or indirectly responsible for the generation of the various nitrogen polluting compounds. This can lead to the two major problems of eutrophication and groundwater pollution. Therefore, the removal of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater is important. Nitrogen removal from wastewater is achieved by a combination of nitrification and denitrification. Thus, there is a need to identify and characterise heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria involved in denitrification in wastewater treatment systems. The aim of this study, therefore, was to characterise heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria through detailed biochemical and molecular analysis, to facilitate the understanding of their functional role in wastewater treatment systems. Drysdale (2001) isolated heterotrophic denitrifiers to obtain a culture collection of 179 isolates. This culture collection was used to screen for nitrate and nitrite reduction using the colorimetric biochemical nitrate reduction test. The isolates were thereafter Gram stained to assess their gram reaction, cellular and colonial morphology. Based on these results identical isolates were discarded and a culture collection of approximately 129 isolates remained. The genetic diversity of the culture collection was investigated by the analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragments on polyacrylamide gels using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Thus DNA fragments of the same length but different nucleotide sequences were effectively separated and microbial community profiles of eight predominant isolates were created. Batch experiments were conducted on these eight isolates, the results of which ultimately confirmed their characterisation and placed them into their four functional groups i.e. 3 isolates were incomplete denitrifiers, 2 isolates were true denitrifiers, 2 isolates were sequential denitrifiers and 1 isolate was an exclusive nitrite reducer.

A comparitive study of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Rowan ◽  
G. Moser ◽  
N. Gray ◽  
J.R. Snape ◽  
D. Fearnside ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Industrial Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Nitrosococcus Mobilis ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

The diversity and community structure of the b-proteobacterial ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) in a range of different lab-scale industrial wastewater treatment reactors were compared. Three of the reactors treat waste from mixed domestic and industrial sources whereas the other reactor treats waste solely of industrial origin. PCR with AOB selective primers was combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to allow comparative analysis of the dominant AOB populations and the phylogenetic affiliation of the dominant AOB was determined by cloning and sequencing or direct sequencing of bands excised from DGGE gels. Different AOB were found within and between different reactors. All AOB sequences identified were grouped within the genus Nitrosomonas. Within the lab-scale reactors there appeared to be selection for a low diversity of AOB and predominance of a single AOB population. Furthermore, the industrial input in both effluents apparently selected for salt tolerant AOB, most closely related to Nitrosococcus mobilis and Nitrosomonas halophila.

Bacterial diversity in antibiotic wastewater treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2676-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Han ◽  
L. Y. Wang ◽  
B. Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

The bacterial diversity of an antibiotic industrial wastewater treatment system was analyzed to provide the information required for further optimization of this process and for identification of bacterial strains that perform improved degradation of antibiotic industrial wastewater. The total bacterial DNA of samples collected at three stages (aeration, precipitation, and idle) during the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the 16 s rDNA V3 regions. Community analysis was conducted in terms of the richness value (S), the dominance degree and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H). Rich bacterial diversity was apparent in the aeration stage of the SBR process, and the number of bands in the aeration stage was more abundant than that in the precipitation and idle stages. The DGGE analysis showed 15 bands, six of which were uncultured bacteria, and included one anaerobic and five aerobic bacteria. The microbial community in the aeration stage was the most complex of the whole SBR process, while the dominant bacteria differed in each reaction stage. These results demonstrate the cyclical dynamic changes in the bacterial population during the SBR process for the treatment of antibiotic industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Quantitative Tracing, by Taq Nuclease Assays, of a Synechococcus Ecotype in a Highly Diversified Natural Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4486-4494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Becker ◽  
Michael Fahrbach ◽  
Peter Böger ◽  
Anneliese Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Lake Constance ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pelagic Habitat

ABSTRACT Quantitative Taq nuclease assays (TNAs) (TaqMan PCR), nested PCR in combination with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and epifluorescence microscopy were used to analyze the autotrophic picoplankton (APP) of Lake Constance. Microscopic analysis revealed dominance of phycoerythrin (PE)-rich Synechococcus spp. in the pelagic zone of this lake. Cells passing a 3-μm-pore-size filter were collected during the growth period of the years 1999 and 2000. The diversity of PE-rich Synechococcus spp. was examined using DGGE to analyze GC-clamped amplicons of a noncoding section of the 16S-23S intergenic spacer in the ribosomal operon. In both years, genotypes represented by three closely related PE-rich Synechococcus strains of our culture collection dominated the population, while other isolates were traced sporadically or were not detected in their original habitat by this method. For TNAs, primer-probe combinations for two taxonomic levels were used, one to quantify genomes of all known Synechococcus-type cyanobacteria in the APP of Lake Constance and one to enumerate genomes of a single ecotype represented by the PE-rich isolate Synechococcus sp. strain BO 8807. During the growth period, genome numbers of known Synechococcus spp. varied by 2 orders of magnitude (2.9 × 103 to 3.1 × 105 genomes per ml). The ecotype Synechococcus sp. strain BO 8807 was detected in every sample at concentrations between 1.6 × 101 and 1.3 × 104 genomes per ml, contributing 0.02 to 5.7% of the quantified cyanobacterial picoplankton. Although the quantitative approach taken in this study has disclosed several shortcomings in the sampling and detection methods, this study demonstrated for the first time the extensive internal dynamics that lie beneath the seemingly arbitrary variations of a population of microbial photoautotrophs in the pelagic habitat.

scholarly journals Influence of photoperiod on the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. PETRUCIO ◽  
F. A. ESTEVES
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

The main goal of this research was to quantify the concentrations of total and ammonium N, nitrate, total and soluble P in the water in the presence of Eichhornia crassipes and Salvinia auriculata, which were submitted to two different photoperiods in a 24 hours incubation period in the laboratory. The macrophytes were incubated in plastic vials of approximately 1.5 litters, with a previously prepared solution with NH4NO3, NH4Cl, and KH2PO4. Eichhornia crassipes showed the highest average rate of reduction of all the nutrients analysed in relation to Salvinia auriculata. The largest photoperiod reflected in a higher average rate of reduction of nutrients, in both plants. Therefore, we may expect that in some periods of the year (e.g. summer), the aquatic macrophytes would show higher growth rates and higher rates of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption. These results are important for the implementation and management of wastewater treatment systems in tropical areas using aquatic macrophytes.

scholarly journals Salinity Decreases Nitrite Reductase Gene Diversity in Denitrifying Bacteria of Wastewater Treatment Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 3152-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Yoshie ◽  
Naohiro Noda ◽  
Satoshi Tsuneda ◽  
Akira Hirata ◽  
Yuhei Inamori
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Saline Wastewater ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

ABSTRACT Investigation of the diversity of nirK and nirS in denitrifying bacteria revealed that salinity decreased the diversity in a nitrate-containing saline wastewater treatment system. The predominant nirS clone was related to nirS derived from marine bacteria, and the predominant nirK clone was related to nirK of the genus Alcaligenes.

Detection of filamentous genus Gordonia in foam samples using genus-specific primers combined with PCR – denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fo-Ting Shen ◽  
Hsuan-Ru Huang ◽  
A.B. Arun ◽  
Hui-Ling Lu ◽  
Ta-Chen Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

A nested-PCR amplification combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR–DGGE) approach was used to detect and identify Gordonia populations from wastewater treatment plant foam samples. The PCR-amplified region (position 722–1119) by specifically designed primers G699F and G1096R covered the hypervariable region of the Gordonia 16S rRNA gene sequence. This approach successfully distinguished Gordonia species to the interspecies level. The differential ability of PCR–DGGE analysis was effectively used to separate 12 Gordonia species belonging to different 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic lineages into 8 groups. Based on this method, the minimum limit of Gordonia detection was 5 × 104CFU·g–1in the seeded soil samples. The PCR–DGGE bands obtained were excised and identified by sequence analysis. Gordonia polyisoprenivorans , Gordonia amicalis , DGGE type II Gordonia species, and an uncertain Gordonia species dominated the activated sludge foam samples. Results of this study indicate that the detection and analyses of genus Gordonia within a complex microbial community could be accomplished using the PCR–DGGE approach to a larger extent, with certain limitations. Detection of diverse Gordonia populations in foam samples from wastewater treatment plants revealed the significant role of Gordonia in biological foaming during wastewater treatment. The nested-PCR amplification and DGGE can be used as a diagnostic tool for the early detection of foaming incidents in wastewater treatment plants using Gordonia as indicator organism.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Cyanobacterial Growth on a Municipal Wastewater Sidestream Is Impacted by Temperature

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis C. Korosh ◽  
Andrew Dutcher ◽  
Brian F. Pfleger ◽  
Katherine D. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
The Media ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
Alternative Cultivation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Cyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called “biorefineries.” Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivatingSynechococcussp. strain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams, i.e., treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g., lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise-standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to dissect the apparent toxicity of the media under standard cultivation conditions.

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