scholarly journals A study of the chemical quality of ambient air at selected intersections in the Durban Metropolis

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shalini Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Combustion Processes

Motor vehicles are considered a major source of air pollution in urban environments. Nitrogen dioxide (N02) and nitric oxide (NO) which are collectively referred to as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are formed at high temperatures during combustion processes in the engines of motor vehicles and are emitted via the exhaust into the atmosphere. Nitrogen dioxide is regarded as an irritant of the respiratory system.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Titanium Dioxide pada Trotoar untuk Mengurangi Gas Pencemar NOx di Udara

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hafizhul Khair ◽  
Kania Dewi ◽  
Moh Irsyad
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

The transportation is one of the largest contributor to air pollution in Indonesia, especially in large cities. Fuel gases from combustion in motor vehicles, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx) will be emitted to the ambient air. Increasing the concentration of NOx in ambient air can be bad for human health, especially with regard to upper respiratory tract disease. Therefore, the development of methods which are environmentally friendly for controlling air pollution remains to be done. One simple way to reduce air pollution is utilizing a cheap process, namely sunlight and effect of catalyst of TiO2, to control the NO and NO2. This method requires no additional energy in addition to ultraviolet rays coming from the Sun. Paving-coated TiO2 ambient air set out in 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours. Nitrate and nitrite ions are formed by photocatalytic on the surface of the paving is dissolved with the aquades which is then measured by ion chromatography. The experimental results showed that the composition of TiO2 200 g/m2 of paving is able to adsorp NOx gas at an average rate of 0.0046 mg/m2/minutes, elevated concentrations of HNO3- along with the duration of exposure. Additional costs for every square meter paving is Rp. 13180. Keywords: Photocatalytic, nitrate ion, nitric ion, nitrogen oxides (NOx), titanium dioxide (TiO2), pavingABSTRAKSektor transportasi merupakan salah satu penyumbang pencemaran udara terbesar di Indonesia, terutama di kota-kota besar. Gas-gas hasil pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor seperti oksida nitrogen (NOx) akan diemisikan ke udara ambien. Meningkatnya konsentrasi NOx di udara ambien dapat berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia terutama berkaitan dengan penyakit saluran pernafasan bagian atas. Karena itu, pengembangan metode-metode yang ramah lingkungan untuk mengendalikan pencemaran udara harus dilakukan. Salah satu cara sederhana menurunkan pencemaran udara adalah memanfaatkan proses yang murah, yaitu sinar matahari dan efek katalis dari TiO2, untuk mengendalikan NO dan NO2. Metode ini tidak memerlukan energi tambahan selain sinar ultraviolet yang berasal dari matahari. Paving block berlapis TiO2 dipaparkan di udara ambient dalam waktu 6 jam, 12 jam, 18 jam dan 24 jam. Ion nitrat dan nitrit yang terbentuk akibat proses fotokatalitik di permukaan paving dilarutkan dengan aquades yang kemudian diukur dengan ion chromatografi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan tambahan TiO2 sebanyak 200 gram untuk setiap meter persegi paving mampu mengadsorpsi gas NOx dengan laju adsorpsi rata-rata sebesar 0,0046 mg/m2/menit, peningkatan konsentrasi HNO3- seiring dengan lamanya proses pemaparan di lapangan. Biaya tambahan untuk setiap meter persegi paving block yaitu Rp. 13180.Kata kunci: fotokatalitik, ion nitrat, ion nitrit, oksida nitrogen (NOx), titanium dioksida (TiO2), paving block

Environmental and Hygienic Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution in Oil-Producing and Oil-Refining Areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan and Population Health Status

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
N.R. Rahmatullin ◽  
E.G. Stepanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Total Suspended Particles

Introduction. High density of oil-producing and refining facilities in certain areas of Bashkortostan significantly affects the environment including ambient air quality in residential areas. Materials and methods. We analyzed concentrations of airborne toxicants (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, nitrogen and carbon oxides, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, xylenes, toluene, phenol and total suspended particles) and population health status in the cities of Ufa, Sterlitamak, Salavat, Blagoveshchensk, and the Tuymazinsky District in 2007–2016. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were used to establish possible relationships between medico-demographic indicators and air pollution. Results. Republican fuel and energy enterprises contributed the most to local air pollution levels. Gross emissions from such enterprises as Bashneft-Ufaneftekhim and Bashneft-Navoil reached 43.69–49.77 thousand tons of pollutants per year. The levels of some air pollutants exceeded their maximum permissible concentrations. Elevated concentrations of ammonia, total suspended particles, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide were registered most frequently. High rates of congenital abnormalities, respiratory diseases in infants (aged 0-1), general mortality and morbidity of the population were observed in some oil-producing and refining areas. The correlation analysis proved the relationship between the concentration of carbon monoxide and general disease rates in adults based on hospital admissions (r = 0.898), general incidence rates in children (r = 0.957), and blood disease rates in infants (r = 0.821). Respiratory diseases in children correlated with nitrogen dioxide emission levels (r = 0.899). Conclusions. Further development of oil-producing, petrochemical and oil-refining industries should be carried out taking into account socio-economic living conditions of the population.

Robust Environmental Sensing Using UAVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Boubrima ◽  
Edward W. Knightly
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mission Planning ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Compound Pollution ◽  
Planning Algorithm

In this article, we first investigate the quality of aerial air pollution measurements and characterize the main error sources of drone-mounted gas sensors. To that end, we build ASTRO+, an aerial-ground pollution monitoring platform, and use it to collect a comprehensive dataset of both aerial and reference air pollution measurements. We show that the dynamic airflow caused by drones affects temperature and humidity levels of the ambient air, which then affect the measurement quality of gas sensors. Then, in the second part of this article, we leverage the effects of weather conditions on pollution measurements’ quality in order to design an unmanned aerial vehicle mission planning algorithm that adapts the trajectory of the drones while taking into account the quality of aerial measurements. We evaluate our mission planning approach based on a Volatile Organic Compound pollution dataset and show a high-performance improvement that is maintained even when pollution dynamics are high.

scholarly journals Improvements in the profiles and distributions of nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide with the LIMS version 6 dataset

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 4741-4756 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Remsberg ◽  
M. Natarajan ◽  
B. T. Marshall ◽  
L. L. Gordley ◽  
R. E. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Spin Splitting ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Polar Night ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract. The quality of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) profiles and distributions of 1978/1979 are described after their processing with an updated, Version 6 (V6) algorithm and subsequent archival in 2002. Estimates of the precision and accuracy of both of those species are developed and provided herein. The character of the V6 HNO3 profiles is relatively unchanged from that of the earlier LIMS Version 5 (V5) profiles, except in the upper stratosphere where the interfering effects of CO2 are accounted for better with V6. The accuracy of the retrieved V6 NO2 is also significantly better in the middle and upper stratosphere, due to improvements in its spectral line parameters and in the reduced biases for the accompanying V6 temperature and water vapor profiles. As a result of these important updates, there is better agreement with theoretical calculations for profiles of the HNO3/NO2 ratio, day-to-night NO2 ratio, and with estimates of the production of NO2 in the mesosphere and its descent to the upper stratosphere during polar night. In particular, the findings for middle and upper stratospheric NO2 should also be more compatible with those obtained from more recent satellite sensors because the effects of the spin-splitting of the NO2 lines are accounted for now with the LIMS V6 algorithm. The improved precisions and more frequent retrievals of the LIMS profiles along their orbit tracks provide for better continuity and detail in map analyses of these two species on pressure surfaces. It is judged that the chemical effects of the oxides of nitrogen on ozone can be studied quantitatively throughout the stratosphere with the LIMS V6 data.

scholarly journals A review on Assessment of Air Pollution due to Vehicular Emission in Traffic Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneri A. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Vehicular Emission ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring

In Indian metropolitan cities, the extensive growth of the motor vehicles has resulted in the deterioration of environmental quality and human health. The concentrations of pollutants at major traffic areas are exceeding the permissible limits. Public are facing severe respiratory diseases and other deadly cardio-vascular diseases In India. Immediate needs for vehicular air pollution monitoring and control strategies for urban cities are necessary. Vehicular emission is the main source of deteriorating the ambient air quality of major Indian cities due to rapid urbanization. Total vehicular population is increased to 15 Lacks as per recorded data of Regional Transport Organization (RTO) till 2014-2015. This study is focused on the assessment of major air pollution parameters responsible for the air pollution due to vehicular emission. The major air pollutants responsible for air pollution due to vehicular emissions are PM10, PM2.5, Sox, Nox, HC, CO2 and CO and Other meterological parameters like Ambient temperature, Humidity, Wind direction and Wind Speed. Sampling and analysis of parameters is carried out according to National Ambient Air Quality Standards Guidelines (NAAQS) (2009) and IS 5128.

scholarly journals Air pollution as a risk factor for lung cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Nikic ◽  
Aleksandra Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors

Over the past decade, an increasing body of scientific evidence has accrued associating outdoor air pollution with certain types of cancer. Ambient air, particularly in densely populated urban environments, contains a variety of known human carcinogens such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzene, inorganic compounds (e.g., arsenic and chromium), and radionuclides. Now, it is well recognized that urbanization and lung cancer mortality are linked. This association could arise from differences in the distributions of other lung cancer risk factors, such as smoking and occupational exposures, by degree of urbanization, etc. Air pollution has positively been associated with lung cancer mortality and cardiopulmonary disease mortality, but not with mortality from other causes combined. New studies will need to develop and apply improved epidemiologic methods and to compare the effect of exposure to the pollutant mixtures on lung cancer in different cities while effectively controlling confounding factors including cigarette smoking and diet.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollution and pulmonary vascular volume on computed tomography: the MESA Air Pollution and Lung cohort studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1802116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie P. Aaron ◽  
Eric A. Hoffman ◽  
Steven M. Kawut ◽  
John H.M. Austin ◽  
Matthew Budoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Vascular Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Vessels

BackgroundAir pollution alters small pulmonary vessels in animal models. We hypothesised that long-term ambient air pollution exposure would be associated with differences in pulmonary vascular volumes in a population-based study.MethodsThe Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis recruited adults in six US cities. Personalised long-term exposures to ambient black carbon, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone were estimated using spatiotemporal models. In 2010–2012, total pulmonary vascular volume was measured as the volume of detectable pulmonary arteries and veins, including vessel walls and luminal blood volume, on noncontrast chest computed tomography (TPVVCT). Peripheral TPVVCTwas limited to the peripheral 2 cm to isolate smaller vessels. Linear regression adjusted for demographics, anthropometrics, smoking, second-hand smoke, renal function and scanner manufacturer.ResultsThe mean±sdage of the 3023 participants was 69.3±9.3 years; 46% were never-smokers. Mean exposures were 0.80 μg·m−3black carbon, 14.6 ppb NO2and 11.0 μg·m−3ambient PM2.5. Mean±sdperipheral TPVVCTwas 79.2±18.2 cm3and TPVVCTwas 129.3±35.1 cm3. Greater black carbon exposure was associated with a larger peripheral TPVVCT, including after adjustment for city (mean difference 0.41 (95% CI 0.03–0.79) cm3per interquartile range; p=0.036). Associations for peripheral TPVVCTwith NO2were similar but nonsignificant after city adjustment, while those for PM2.5were of similar magnitude but nonsignificant after full adjustment. There were no associations for NOxor ozone, or between any pollutant and TPVVCT.ConclusionsLong-term black carbon exposure was associated with a larger peripheral TPVVCT, suggesting diesel exhaust may contribute to remodelling of small pulmonary vessels in the general population.

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