scholarly journals Truth and entertainment : historical film as a representation of the past in the works of selected filmmakers

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alistair Heath
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Drama ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Film ◽  
Film Genres

The aim of this study is to interrogate the validity of Historical film as a representation of the past and a source of historical knowledge, in the work of Richard Attenborough, Claude Lanzmann, Angus Gibson and Jo Mennel and my film practice, using Robert Rosenstone’s theories, the 6 Codes of Representation (Rosenstone, 1995a) and the 4 Modes of Invention (Rosenstone, 1995a) as a theoretical framework. The main research question is: How can Historical film preserve the historical integrity of a subject whilst entertaining the viewer? Three different film genres were analyzed using this theoretical framework. Films included the Historical Drama Gandhi (1982), the Historical Documentary Mandela (1996) and the Experimental Historical film Shoah (1985). This research interrogates the degrees to which history presented on film can be altered, without becoming an invalid representation of the past. Research outcomes have concluded that the Historical film will inevitably dramatize a subject in order to appeal to a larger audience. However, in making a Historical film, a filmmaker’s decision to stray from historical facts must be supported by a sufficient justification of any significant fabrication, and an explanation of how it benefits the historical subject. This study informed my practical component, consisting of a treatment and storyboard for what I term a hypothetical Historical Experimental film, exploring the Aversion Therapy. These therapies were practiced on SADF conscripts in order to ‘’ cure’ them of ‘illnesses’ such as homosexuality (Kaplan, 2001). It is my hope that this study and proposed film will encourage people to investigate and discuss the Aversion Therapies, creating an awareness of a subject that has had little exposure post 1994.

scholarly journals Ecodesign—A Review of Reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Malte Schäfer ◽  
Manuel Löwer
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Past Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Over Time

With the intent of summing up the past research on ecodesign and making it more accessible, we gather findings from 106 existing review articles in this field. Five research questions on terminology, evolution, barriers and success factors, methods and tools, and synergies, guide the clustering of the resulting 608 statements extracted from the reference. The quantitative analysis reveals that the number of review articles has been increasing over time. Furthermore, most statements originate from Europe, are published in journals, and address barriers and success factors. For the qualitative analysis, the findings are grouped according to the research question they address. We find that several names for similar concepts exist, with ecodesign being the most popular one. It has evolved from “end-of-pipe” pollution prevention to a more systemic concept, and addresses the complete life cycle. Barriers and success factors extend beyond the product development team to management, customers, policymakers, and educators. The number of ecodesign methods and tools available to address them is large, and more reviewing, testing, validation, and categorization of the existing ones is necessary. Synergies between ecodesign and other research disciplines exist in theory, but require implementation and testing in practice.

scholarly journals The art of good governance: how images from the past provide inspiration for modern practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gjalt de Graaf ◽  
Hanneke van Asperen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governance Practice

Since the early 1990s, discourse on ‘good governance’ has become more prevalent. What ‘good governance’ means and entails, however, and when we can speak of ‘good’ governance in this discourse, is not always clear. Many scholars in public administration and other social sciences writing about good governance have used visual interpretations of good governance from centuries ago to illustrate their case in point. Here, we also use pictures from the past – Lorenzetti’s Sienese frescoes to be more precise – yet, not as an illustration, but as the core of the argument. Our main research question is: how can Lorenzetti’s frescoes of Good Governance inspire our modern-day conception of good governance? We conclude that good governance is governance by good governors, and good governors are governors guided by benevolence. We end with a discussion of what that entails for modern-day governance practice. Points for practitioners Governance without integrity violations is not necessarily good governance. Benevolence is needed for that.

scholarly journals Reverse Logistics as a Trend of XXI Century – State of Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Monika Kosacka-Olejnik ◽  
Karolina Werner-Lewandowska
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Research Centres

AbstractOn the basis of legal, environmental, social, and economic factors, reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain issues have attracted attention among both academia and practitioners. A growing number of publications is an expression of reverse logistics trend in the literature which has been lasted for around 40 years. Hence, a comprehensive literature review of recent and state-of-the-art papers is vessential to draw a framework of the past, and to support researchers in their works by indicating journals or adequate references. The aim of this paper was to prepare appropriate literature review procedure and following it to review all papers whose main topis was reverse logistics. The papers were analyzed and categorized to construct a useful foundation of past research with respect to the scale of number of research on reverse logistics, considering stages of reverse logistics development, targeted journals, main research centres and leading countries. Moreover there were reccommended the most valuable papers as references.

scholarly journals Faces and Visions of the Australian Identity in the Aussie National Press

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
Ekaterina R. Slesareva ◽  
Оlga A. Ryzhkina ◽  
Anatoli F. Fefelov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
British English ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Daily Telegraph ◽  
Dynamic Type ◽  
The Media

The current paper is concerned with linguocultural (ethnolinguistic) analysis of australianisms as culture specific words which are either not found in British English (the mother tongue) or are different from their British counterparts to some extent. The main research question was to identify the key lexemes of this type and establish correlation between them and Australian values (the national identity) as well as ethnostereotypes in modern Australian society. The novelty of the approach to studying these lexical units is in looking at them in terms of their functioning in speech and pragmatics based on the most sensitive to social change and dynamic type of discourse – the media (The material was drawn for the national papers “The Daily Telegraph, Australia” and “The Australian” over the past decade). By means of the random selection method, definitional and contextual analyses six key concepts have been identified (fair go, fair dinkum, larrikin, battler, bludger, (hard) yakka – the last word being aboriginal) and their place in the national identity structure defined. Also, we found some differences in how the same australianisms were presented and ranked in either paper manifesting certain values (for example, battler) or anti-values (for example, bludger) depending on the editorial board’s opinion and/or the content. For instance, “The Daily Telegraph” clearly highlighted the idea of justice (e.g. fair go, fair dinkum), while “The Autralian” put more focus on praising the stubbornness of Australians in the struggle against various obstacles (e.g. battler). References to the boisterous (larrikin) nature of Australians were somewhat more frequent “The Daily Telegraph”, although this concept was quite important for both newspapers. One of the most interesting results we got was a shift in connotations of several australianisms. Thus, it was shown that some words (for example, larrikin), originally having a negative meaning, with time may become positively connoted, characterising a certain previously disapproved type of person / behavior as normal. The study can be continued to include more words of this type, especially aboriginal ones which are already used in media and call for ethnolinguistic (linguocultural) interpretation by researchers.

scholarly journals Shaken or Stirred? Polish Constitutional (Dis)continuity between 1917–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Marcin Michał Wiszowaty
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Constitutional Identity ◽  
Made In

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to answer the main research question “is there a constitutional continuity in Poland or even the Polish constitutional identity or rather there was a permanent discontinuation in last 100 years of Polish history of state?” For this purpose, the Polish constitutional history in the 20th and 21st centuries has been analyzed with respect to the changes made in the Polish political system over the past century from republican and democratic governments with a strong parliament to governments more akin to the monarchy, with a strong presidency, and even autocratic. Looking for sources of Polish political inspiration references are made to the legacy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

scholarly journals Argentine Cinema and National Identity (1966-1976)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Film ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Film Genres

Argentine Cinema and National Identity covers the development of Argentine cinema since the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, a period that has been understudied. Marked by tumultuous political events, these decades witnessed debates about Argentina’s modernity and tradition that affected film production and consumption. Two film genres, the historical film and the gauchesque— a genre based on outlaw gauchos was crucial for nation-building in the nineteenth century—generated great local interest and high expectations among film producers and distributors. The notion of national identity guides the analysis of certain emblematic films that were well-received by domestic audiences and engaged with the issue of Argentine identity. This manuscript investigates the way Argentine cinema positioned itself when facing the competition of glossy American films by representing the past and the heroic founding figures so as to bridge the stark divisions between the Argentine left and right in the late 1960s.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Methodology to Overcome Localization Translation Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Abbas Brashi
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Translation Errors

This study proposes an adaptive methodology to overcome localization translation challenges. The objective of the study is to generate a theoretical framework for identifying localization translation problems and ultimately propose a user-centred and agile-based methodology to minimize translation errors. The main research question that this paper attempts to answer is the question of “What would be the best theoretical framework for identifying current translation problems and addressing the convergence of translation and localization according to the new developments in informatics and communication technologies?” To answer this question, it was important to dismantle the notions of translation, translation theory, and localization. Based on the revised new definitions adapted to the new socio-technological context of the present digital era, the challenges can be identified and addressed through the formulation of a new methodology. The new methodology involves several steps, including the selection of recognized techniques like the “rich points” model to identify the localization translation challenges, a set of quality criteria to evaluate the projects, and adopting a user-centred approach and agile methodology for the project management of localization translation projects in order to assure the satisfaction of the stakeholders and a rapid adaptation to changes in the requirements. The proposed methodology must be validated in the future by applying it to concrete cases of localization translation projects and assessing its utility and performance. Thus, it would be useful in the future for improving localization translation projects.

The Research Model

2015 ◽  
pp. 140-159
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Trust Theory ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this chapter is to draw upon the findings from previous literature review on e-business diffusion and collaboration, together with the theories of Trust and organizational capacities. The related theories are DOI theory and Trust theory, while trust, organizational capacity, collaboration, diffusion of e-business and business performance are regarded as the five ‘constructs' of the theoretical framework. The research theoretical framework consists of six hypotheses emerging from the interrelationships. Relationships between research question, research objectives and hypotheses are clearly established. The mediation effect of e-business diffusion between the relationship of collaboration and business performance also would be examined as the main research question.

scholarly journals Heritage Urbanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Obad Šćitaroci ◽  
Bojana Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Planning Methods

Heritage urbanism considers the revitalization and enhancement of cultural heritage in spatial, urban, and landscape contexts, and it explores models for its inclusion in contemporary life. The main research question is whether it is possible, based on a number of case studies, to recognize models of the future use of heritage and interpret them as general models that may be applied to numerous specific cases. In doing so, the experience of the past becomes relevant and applicable to contemporary heritage revitalization and enhancement projects. The goal of the paper is to present Heritage Urbanism approach as an integral view of heritage in line with the ideas of sustainable development. Heritage is not viewed as isolated objects but rather as part of the immediate and wider environment. The context/environment affects heritage and its revival, while finding new uses and repurposing heritage has a stimulating effect on the environment and its development. The effects of this interaction can make heritage recognisable and can stimulate its sustainability. The survival and future of heritage are linked to urban and spatial planning, which takes into account the integrity of space and the cultural heritage in it. Urban and spatial planning methods are used. When these methods are enriched by the heritage urbanism approach, the result is the creation of specific methods that supplement well-known methods. In this context, cultural heritage can be used for place branding, infrastructure development, as a crucial element of urban design, or in other ways that aim to achieve an integral view of cultural heritage. The integral view requires the concerted action of different fields, such as regional development, the economy, tourism, transportation, and infrastructure. A fragmented and selective approach does not yield results.

Exploring the Boundaries of the Number–Temporal Order Association

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Ganor-Stern
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Negative Number ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Negative Numbers ◽  
The Past

Past research has shown that numbers are associated with order in time such that performance in a numerical comparison task is enhanced when number pairs appear in ascending order, when the larger number follows the smaller one. This was found in the past for the integers 1–9 ( Ben-Meir, Ganor-Stern, & Tzelgov, 2013 ; Müller & Schwarz, 2008 ). In the present study we explored whether the advantage for processing numbers in ascending order exists also for fractions and negative numbers. The results demonstrate this advantage for fraction pairs and for integer-fraction pairs. However, the opposite advantage for descending order was found for negative numbers and for positive-negative number pairs. These findings are interpreted in the context of embodied cognition approaches and current theories on the mental representation of fractions and negative numbers.

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