scholarly journals What is so Worrying about the Charter of Fundamental Rights?: Explaining the Opposition of the UK, Poland and the Czech Republic to a Legally Binding Charter

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (33) ◽  
pp. 120-142
Author(s):  
Ken TAKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Declaration of Tax Information in Constitutional Court Cases in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Tomáš Sejkora
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms ◽  
Law And Legislation

This contribution is focused on the trend to demand various declaration of taxable persons via specific forms issued based only on the wide and vague authorisation of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to familiarise readers with the relevant Czech regulation and case law of the Czech Constitutional Court and to provide conclusions evaluating this case law and legislation. The beginning of this paper is devoted to respective provisions of the Tax Procedure Code, Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, Act on VAT and Act on Transactions evidence. Then, the part dealing with the development of the Constitutional Court approach evaluating the practice of the tax administration follows. Finally, the author provides his conclusions estimating future development in this issue. Scientific methods used in this paper are analysis, induction, deduction and description. The aim of the contribution is therefore the evaluation how the recent case law will affect the current legislation and what steps should be made by the Czech Parliament.

scholarly journals RIGHT TO HEALTHCARE: SUSTAINABILITY OF THE INSURANCE SYSTEM AND THE SITUATION IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC / DIREITO À SAÚDE: SUSTENTABILIDADE DO SISTEMA PÚBLICO DE SEGUROSAÚDE E A SITUAÇÃO NA REPÚBLICA TCHECA

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Petr Sustek ◽  
Michaela Povolna
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Public Health Insurance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Healthcare Rationing ◽  
Fundamental Rights And Freedoms

The article deals with the question of right to healthcare as it is set by the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the Czech Republic and at the same time with the question of rationing in healthcare. Rationing in healthcare generally means a process realized by providing different levels of healthcare. In the Czech Republic, rationing in healthcare is rather based on a limitation of a treatment’s payment from public health insurance which, however, does not fit the common definitions of rationing. By describing and explaining these crucial questions the article discusses the possibility to limit the constitutional right to healthcare covered by public health insurance in the Czech Republic and shows these possibilities which are based on provisions of the Act No. 48/1997 Sb., on public health insurance. More widely it questions whether the system of public health insurance in the Czech Republic is sustainable at all.Keywords: Healthcare. Rationing. Public health insurance.

scholarly journals Reurbanisation in Postsocialist Europe – A Comparative View of Eastern Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annegret Haase ◽  
Manuel Wolff ◽  
Petra Špačková ◽  
Adam Radzimski
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Inner City ◽  
National Scale ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
East German ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
German Cities

Since the 1990s, reurbanisation has become an increasingly frequent trajectory for urban development. Many formerly shrinking cities have been able to stabilise their population or even see new growth. Especially prominent in regions like Germany and the UK, but also observed across the whole continent, a lively debate on reurbanisation has developed as a reality of today’s, and a potential trajectory for tomorrow’s, cities in Europe.Postsocialist Europe has not so far been central in the reurbanisation debate, either empirically or theoretically. Subsequently, the postsocialist experience is missing in the discourse and the existing body of evidence. There is, however, some evidence that Czech and Polish cities are also seeing signs of new inner-city growth and a trend towards core city stabilisation.Against this background, the paper scrutinises the issues of reurbanisation and new growth after the shrinking of postsocialist cities. The paper uses the approach of a contrastive comparison between cities in eastern Germany, where reurbanisation has developed as the predominant trajectory for many large cities, and for cities in Poland and the Czech Republic, where this trend is considerably less prominent. It analyses the development of reurbanisation in these cities and their urban regions over the last few decades, its characteristics and the determinants triggering or impeding it. The paper includes data on a national scale as well as from relevant case studies of cities and their urban regions.It argues, among other things, that there is no “postsocialist model” with regard to influencing factors for reurbanisation. Eastern Germany, due to its specific postsocialist situation and transformation trajectory, can be viewed as an “outlier” or “hybrid” which exhibits characteristics typical of postsocialist and western welfare contexts and which is seeing especially dynamic reurbanisation after a phase of extreme shrinkage. Although there are clear signs of inner-city reurbanisation in Polish and Czech cities as well, it seems relatively unlikely that this process will reach the same high levels as in East German cities within the coming years. * This article belongs to a special issue on reurbanisation.

scholarly journals Still too little, too late? Ten years of growth hormone therapy baseline data from the NordiNet® International Outcome Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Polak ◽  
Daniel Konrad ◽  
Birgitte Tønnes Pedersen ◽  
Gediminas Puras ◽  
Marta Šnajderová
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Outcome Study ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Start ◽  
The Uk

AbstractBackground:We investigated time trends in age, gender, growth hormone (GH) dose and height standard deviation score (SDS) in children with GH deficiency (GHD), born small for gestational age (SGA) or with Turner syndrome (TS) starting GH treatment.Methods:Data were obtained from children enrolled in the NordiNet®International Outcome Study (IOS) between 2006 and 2015 in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Serbia and Montenegro (all indications), and Switzerland and the UK (GHD only). Trends were analyzed by linear regression. Patients were divided by age into early-, medium- or late-start groups in three different time periods.Results:Approximately one-third of children starting treatment for GHD were girls, with no apparent increase in proportion over time. The mean baseline age for starting treatment decreased significantly (p<0.001) for both GHD and SGA in the Czech Republic and Germany. In the other countries studied, over 40% of children started treatment for GHD and SGA late (girls >10, boys >11 years) between 2013 and 2015. The mean baseline GH doses were largely within recommended ranges for GHD and SGA, but below the lowest recommended starting dose for TS in almost every year since 2011 except in France.Conclusions:Approximately one-third of children starting treatment for GHD were girls. Between 2013 and 2015, more than 40% of children started treatment for GHD and SGA late except in Germany and the Czech Republic. TS patients received below-recommended doses. These results highlight the need for earlier identification of short stature in children, particularly girls, and for dose optimization in TS.

Role of employment-related inequalities in young adults’ life satisfaction: A comparative study in five European welfare state regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Vancea ◽  
Jennifer Shore ◽  
Mireia Utzet
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Welfare State Regimes

Aims: There is evidence that young people are less satisfied with their lives when they are unemployed or working in precarious conditions. This study aims to shed light on how the life satisfaction of unemployed and precariously employed young people varies across welfare states with different labour market policies and levels of social protection. Methods: The analyses are based on representative cross-sectional survey data from five European countries (Denmark, the UK, Germany, Spain and the Czech Republic), corresponding to five different welfare state regimes. For economically active young adults ( N=6681), the prevalence ratios of low life satisfaction were estimated through multivariate logistic regressions. Results: In all five countries, unemployed young adults presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. When we compared employees with people with permanent and temporary contracts, the former were more satisfied with their lives only in Germany and the UK, examples of conservative and liberal welfare regimes, respectively. Experience of unemployment decreased young adults’ life satisfaction only in Germany and the Czech Republic, examples of a conservative and an eastern European welfare regime, respectively. In almost all countries, young adults with low economic self-sufficiency presented a higher prevalence of low life satisfaction. Conclusions: There are nuanced patterns of employment type and life satisfaction across European states that hint at welfare state regimes as possible moderators in this relationship. The results suggest that the psychological burdens of unemployment or work uncertainty cannot be overlooked and should be addressed according to different types of social provisions.

scholarly journals Detection of mosquito-only flaviviruses in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Calzolari ◽  
Líbia Zé-Zé ◽  
Daniel Růžek ◽  
Ana Vázquez ◽  
Claire Jeffries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Aedes Vexans ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Aedes Caspius ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of

The genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, includes a number of important arthropod-transmitted human pathogens such as dengue viruses, West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and yellow fever virus. In addition, the genus includes flaviviruses without a known vertebrate reservoir, which have been detected only in insects, particularly in mosquitoes, such as cell fusing agent virus, Kamiti River virus, Culex flavivirus, Aedes flavivirus, Quang Binh virus, Nakiwogo virus and Calbertado virus. Reports of the detection of these viruses with no recognized pathogenic role in humans are increasing in mosquitoes collected around the world, particularly in those sampled in entomological surveys targeting pathogenic flaviviruses. The presence of six potential flaviviruses, detected from independent European arbovirus surveys undertaken in the Czech Republic, Italy,Portugal, Spain and the UK between 2007 and 2010, is reported in this work. Whilst the Aedes flaviviruses, detected in Italy from Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, had already been isolated in Japan, the remaining five viruses have not been reported previously: one was detected in Italy, Portugal and Spain from Aedes mosquitoes (particularly from Aedes caspius), one in Portugal and Spain from Culex theileri mosquitoes, one in the Czech Republic and Italy from Aedes vexans, one in the Czech Republic from Aedes vexans and the last in the UK from Aedes cinereus. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the close relationship of these putative viruses to other insect-only flaviviruses.

Investment appraisal of advanced manufacturing technology in the czech republic, usa and united kingdom

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hájek ◽  
Josef Hynek ◽  
Václav Janeček ◽  
Frank Lefley ◽  
Frank Wharton
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Capital Projects ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

The results of a survey large Czech manufacturing companies are presented which shows the current levels of investment in advanced manufacturing technology (AMT), the techniques and criteria used to assess AMT capital projects, and attitudes to the need for further investment. Comparisons are made with the results of earlier identical surveys in the UK and the USA. The comparisons reveal numerous statistically significant differences. The current levels of AMT investment in the Czech Republic are relatively low, the techniques used for evaluation relatively unsophisticated, the investment criteria used are more short term, and there is less concern about the need for AMT.

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