scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF META-ALTERED ARYLMALEINAMIDE AND PREPARATION OF ESTERS IN THEIR PRESENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Yield ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Yields

The development of new methods of synthesis using cheaper reagents for the preparation of maleic acid derivatives, the study of chemical properties and the determination of new directions for the practical application of maleic acid derivatives are still relevant. Therefore, the development of this work is an urgent task. The aim of this study was to obtain the synthesis of monomaleinamide compounds under various conditions to obtain arylmaleimide derivatives of maleic acid and to transfer them in a pure state for further reactions. In this study, scientific studies were carried out to find convenient methods for the preparation of monoamide compounds of maleic acid based on equimolar reactions of aromatic monoamines with functional groups -OH, -COOH, -NO2 with maleic anhydride and maleic acid in the meta-state, and the reaction conditions were analyzed. The relative activity of amines in nucleophilic binding reactions is following an order: (-OH <-COOH <-NO2). According this order, the m-nitroaniline was found to be more active in reaction. The proposed methods were used to study the effect of solvents (dioxane, acetone, DMF, ethanol) on the reaction of monoarylamines with maleic anhydride, as well as on the reaction with maleic acid (acetone, glacial acetic acid) and the effect of different temperatures on the reaction yield. discovered. Aproton showed high yields in the reaction of the solvent with acetone. As a result of the reactions of esterification of arylmaleinamides with methanol and ethanol, the corresponding esters were synthesized. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by IR-, 1H NMR-spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and other methods. The level of activity of N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)maleinamide against some microorganisms was studied

scholarly journals NEW APPROACHES TO SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINE CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, ACRIDINE AND PYRAZOLONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-85
Author(s):  
D. V. Kazak ◽  
E. A. Dikusar ◽  
S. G. Stepin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Pyridine Carboxylic ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivatives ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Derivatives Of

The urgent task of modern pharmaceutical chemistry is the development of new methods of synthesis, the study of chemical properties, as well as the search for biologically active compounds among derivatives of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids. The review examines synthetic approaches to the production of carboxylic acid esters including nicotinic and isonicotinic acids, gives examples of the biological activity of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids and their derivatives. The methods for the synthesis of azomethines, substituted acridines and pyrazolones are discussed, examples of their biological activity are given. A promising concept for the synthesis of new potential drugs based on heterocyclic derivatives of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids is presented. The methods of functionalization of organic compounds considered in this review with regard to the synthesis of heterocyclic derivatives of nicotinic and isonicotinic acids make it possible to obtain new promising compounds potentially having antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal and antitumor activity.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Synthesis and ethylene-promoted metathesis of adducts of tandem [4+2]/[4+2] cycloaddition between bis-furyl dienes and maleic acid derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 3400-3407
Author(s):  
Elizaveta A. Kvyatkovskaya ◽  
Polina P. Epifanova ◽  
Eugeniya V. Nikitina ◽  
Aleksey A. Senin ◽  
Victor N. Khrustalev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Maleic Acid

A series of 1,4:5,8-diepoxynaphthalenes, annellated with carbo- and heterocycles, was synthesized based on the tandem intermolecular/intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of bis-furyl dienes with moderately to highly reactive cyclic dienophiles (maleic anhydride and maleinimides).

scholarly journals Ecological Response in the Integrated Process of Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation of Diesel-Contaminated Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6305
Author(s):  
Xiaosen Li ◽  
Yakui Chen ◽  
Xianyuan Du ◽  
Jin Zheng ◽  
Diannan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Functional Genes ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Amine Compounds

The study applied microbial molecular biological techniques to show that 2.5% to 3.0% (w/w) of diesel in the soil reduced the types and number of bacteria in the soil and destroyed the microbial communities responsible for the nitrogen cycle. In the meantime, the alkane degradation gene alkB and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation gene nah evolved in the contaminated soil. We evaluated four different remediation procedures, in which the biostimulation-bioaugmentation joint process reached the highest degradation rate of diesel, 59.6 ± 0.25% in 27 days. Miseq sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that compared with uncontaminated soil, repaired soil provides abundant functional genes related to soil nitrogen cycle, and the most significant lifting effect on diesel degrading bacteria γ-proteobacteria. Quantitative analysis of degrading functional genes shows that degrading bacteria can be colonized in the soil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results show that the components remaining in the soil after diesel degradation are alcohol, lipids and a small amount of fatty amine compounds, which have very low toxicity to plants. In an on-site remediation experiment, the diesel content decreased from 2.7% ± 0.3 to 1.12% ± 0.1 after one month of treatment. The soil physical and chemical properties returned to normal levels, confirming the practicability of the biosimulation-bioaugmentation jointed remediation process.

Synthesis, Characterization, Applications, and Toxicity of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Marcos Pereira Galúcio ◽  
Sorrel Godinho Barbosa de Souza ◽  
Arthur Abinader Vasconcelos ◽  
Alan Kelbis Oliveira Lima ◽  
Kauê Santana da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Harmful Effects

: Nanotechnology is a cutting-edge area with numerous industrial applications. Nanoparticles are structures that have dimensions ranging from 1–100 nm which exhibit significantly different mechanical, optical, electrical, and chemical properties when compared with their larger counterparts. Synthetic routes that use natural sources, such as plant extracts, honey, and microorganisms are environmentally friendly and low-cost methods that can be used to obtain nanoparticles. These methods of synthesis generate products that are more stable and less toxic than those obtained using conventional methods. Nanoparticles formed by titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver, gold, and copper, as well as cellulose nanocrystals are among the nanostructures obtained by green synthesis that have shown interesting applications in several technological industries. Several analytical techniques have also been used to analyze the size, morphology, hydrodynamics, diameter, and chemical functional groups involved in the stabilization of the nanoparticles as well as to quantify and evaluate their formation. Despite their pharmaceutical, biotechnological, cosmetic, and food applications, studies have detected their harmful effects on human health and the environment; and thus, caution must be taken in uses involving living organisms. The present review aims to present an overview of the applications, the structural properties, and the green synthesis methods that are used to obtain nanoparticles, and special attention is given to those obtained from metal ions. The review also presents the analytical methods used to analyze, quantify, and characterize these nanostructures.

Investigations on condensation phenomena in mercury vapour

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
P. C. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mercury Vapour ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Critical Supersaturation ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Owing to its physical and chemical properties being greatly different from those of any of the liquids which have hitherto been used in the Wilson cloud chamber, mercury has been used in the experiments described in this paper and the condensation phenomena of its vapour at different temperatures observed. Before constructing the apparatus it was considered necessary to get from theoretical considerations some idea about the magnitude of the critical supersaturation for mercury vapour in equilibrium with a drop carrying unit charge. Assuming that J. J. Thomson's formula.where s is the supersaturation of mercury vapour in equilibrium with a drop of mercury of radius a, charge e, density σ and surface tension T, the value of which is assumed here to be independent of the radius of the drop, K the specific inductive capacity of the dielectric surrounding the drop, and R the gas constant for one gramme of weight, all at temperature θ, can be applied to the present problem, this critical supersaturation sm is given by the formula

scholarly journals Aroma retention during drying of caja-umbu fruit pulp

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Narain ◽  
Anderson Santos Fontes ◽  
Maria Terezinha Santos Leite-Neta ◽  
Patricia Nogueira Matos ◽  
Hannah Caroline Santos Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Different Temperatures

This study was aimed to obtain and characterize the dried powder of cajá-umbu (Spondias spp) fruit pulp obtained by spray-drying and lyophilization. Spray-drying of the pulp was done at different temperatures. Analysis of bioactive compounds and volatile compounds was performed. The total phenolic compounds content was high in the dried powder obtained at the temperature of 140 °C. The volatiles analysis of dried powders revealed  that the powder dried at  140°C contained a larger number of compounds. The cajá-umbu powder showed that it is a better alternative for storage and conservation since it retained the majority of volatile compounds. Keywords: Cajá-umbu, volatile compounds, gas chromatography, mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis-GC/MS Analysis of Fast Growing Wood Macaranga Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
R.R. Dirgarini J.N. Subagyono ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Alan L. Chaffee ◽  
Rudianto Amirta ◽  
Marc Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Yields

Py-GC/MS analysis of six different species of fast growing Macaranga wood has been studied. Flash pyrolysis was conducted at different temperatures (250-850 oC) under a flow of helium followed by GC/MS analysis of the products. The total pyrolysis yields of the six different species of Macaranga were mostly between 40 and 90% within the range of pyrolysis temperature applied.  Pyrolysis of the woody biomass produced compounds which are mostly derived from thermal degradation or volatilization of lignin and cellulose/hemicellulose, the original major constituents of the biomass. The Py-GC/MS technique indicated that M. gigantea was the most potential species for biofuel production and the optimum pyrolysis temperature to produce high yields of bio-oil was 450 oC.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Heat Treatment Regime on Chemical Properties of Pork Meat

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Vujadinović ◽  
Željka Marjanović-Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treatment Regime ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dry Heat Treatment

The real importance of meat in human nutrition has been defined during the last century. Professional and scientific publications of the twentieth century are often written about the nutritional value of meat. Thermal processing of meat is as old as civilization itself. Meat drying as a procedure for a longer shelf life, probably first appeared as a result of some accident in which the fresh meat has been exposed to heat. The first works about the problems of heat treatment of pork were published in the 1950s.The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of temperature and different methods of heat treatment on chemical properties of processed pork meat. To determine the optimal conditions for various heat treatment processes, in this paper, meat processing was performed at different temperatures, and set the temperature range from 51 ºC to 100 ºC. Therefore, the meat is processed by dry heat treatment (roasting) and cooking in water (at atmospheric pressure). Then, the change of chemical composition of processed meat was noted (moisture content, ash, fat, protein, micronutrients).

Temperature, osmotic and acidic activity of infusion solutions as an integral part of their mechanism of action

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Urakova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Cold Infusion ◽  
And Function

A review of the literature shows that the physical-chemical properties of infusion solutions can be an integral part of the mechanism of their local action on the routes of administration. This new scientific and practical direction in clinical pharmacology was born at the end of the 20th century in Russia. Initially, it was found that isotonic solutions of glucose, mannitol, and sodium chloride with different temperatures have different local effects on the metabolism and viability of isolated biological objects such as mitochondria and blood plasma. At the same time, it was shown that increasing the temperature of solutions from +37 to +45C accelerates the metabolism of these biological objects, increases their reactivity and enhances their response to the action of many drugs-activators of metabolism and function. And vice versa, lowering the temperature of these solutions from +37 to +20C and below (up to 0C) slows down their metabolism, reduces their reactivity, weakens their response to the action of drugs-activators of metabolism and function, and also increases survival in conditions of ischemia and hypoxia. These results allowed us to recommend warm infusion solutions as universal means of activating aerobic metabolism in tissues and the response of tissues to drugs with local physical-chemical action, and cold infusion solutions as universal means of inhibiting aerobic metabolism in tissues and increasing the resistance of tissues to the action of drugs on them. Following this, it was shown that many infusion solutions do not have isoosmotic activity, since the osmotic activity of drugs is not controlled. Therefore, one part of the solutions has hypotonic activity, and the other part has hypertonic activity. Therefore, sometimes the infusion solution can increase the hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic activity of the blood plasma. Then it was shown that the absolute majority of infusion solutions do not have a pH of 7.4. At the same time, very many infusion solutions have acidic activity, so they have an acidifying effect on the blood. The chronology of the development of inventions based on the achievements of the physical-chemical pharmacology of infusion agents is shown.

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