scholarly journals Micronucleus test for monitoring the genotoxic potential of the surface water of Luján River (Argentina) using erythrocytes of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossana N.A. ◽  
Salibián A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Lithobates Catesbeianus ◽  
Genotoxic Potential

scholarly journals Genotoxic evaluation of ceftriaxone by in vivo micronucleus test in albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1705
Author(s):  
Kunjumon Dayana ◽  
Megaravalli R. Manasa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: Genotoxicity screening of drugs is essential. It is mandatory for new drugs. However, screening of drugs already in use is also necessary. Several cephalosporins are reported to induce chromosomal aberrations in previous studies. But there is paucity of data regarding the genotoxic potential of ceftriaxone. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate the genotoxic potential of ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin, by micronucleus assay in albino mice.Methods: In vivo micronucleus test was performed with mice bone marrow after intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone at 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kg BW at 24 hr and 48 hr harvest time. Mice bone marrow was harvested, and slides were prepared. The percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (% MnPCE) and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE:NCE) were determined. The data from ceftriaxone treated groups was compared with control group and analyzed using ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test.Results: Ceftriaxone at the dose of 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kg BW did not exhibit any significant increase in the percentage of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. It also did not decrease the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes significantly.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that ceftriaxone is not genotoxic in in vivo micronucleus study in albino mice at a dose of 100mg/kg BW and 200mg/kg BW.

scholarly journals Ground and surface water for drinking: a laboratory study on genotoxicity using plant tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Feretti ◽  
Elisabetta Ceretti ◽  
Bianca Gustavino ◽  
Ilaria Zerbini ◽  
Claudia Zani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Products Of Reaction ◽  
Positive Results

Surface waters are increasingly utilized for drinking water because groundwater sources are often polluted. Several monitoring studies have detected the presence of mutagenicity in drinking water, especially from surface sources due to the reaction of natural organic matter with disinfectant. The study aimed to investigate the genotoxic potential of the products of reaction between humic substances, which are naturally present in surface water, and three disinfectants: chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid. Commercial humic acids dissolved in distilled water at different total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were studied in order to simulate natural conditions of both ground water (TOC=2.5 mg/L) and surface water (TOC=7.5 mg/L). These solutions were treated with the biocides at a 1:1 molar ratio of C:disinfectant and tested for genotoxicity using the anaphase chromosomal aberration and micronucleus tests in <em>Allium cepa,</em> and the <em>Vicia faba</em> and <em>Tradescantia </em>micronucleus tests. The tests were carried out after different times and with different modes of exposure, and at 1:1 and 1:10 dilutions of disinfected and undisinfected humic acid solutions. A genotoxic effect was found for sodium hypochlorite in all plant tests, at both TOCs considered, while chlorine dioxide gave positive results only with the <em>A.cepa</em> tests. Some positive effects were also detected for PAA (<em>A.cepa</em> and <em>Tradescantia</em>). No relevant differences were found in samples with different TOC values. The significant increase in all genotoxicity end-points induced by all tested disinfectants indicates that a genotoxic potential is exerted even in the presence of organic substances at similar concentrations to those frequently present in drinking water.

scholarly journals Is the Comet Assay a Sensitive Procedure for Detecting Genotoxicity?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Kawaguchi ◽  
Takanori Nakamura ◽  
Ayumi Yamamoto ◽  
Gisho Honda ◽  
Yu F. Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Dna Migration ◽  
Single Strand Breaks ◽  
Methyl Nitrosourea

Although the Comet assay, a procedure for quantitating DNA damage in mammalian cells, is considered sensitive, it has never been ascertained that its sensitivity is higher than the sensitivity of other genotoxicity assays in mammalian cells. To determine whether the power of the Comet assay to detect a low level of genotoxic potential is superior to those of other genotoxicity assays in mammalian cells, we compared the results of Comet assay with those of micronucleus test (MN test). WTK1 human lymphoblastoid cells were exposed to methyl nitrosourea (MNU), ethyl nitrosourea (ENU), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), bleomycin (BLM), or UVC. In Comet assay, cells were exposed to each mutagen with (Comet assay/araC) and without (Comet assay) DNA repair inhibitors (araC and hydroxyurea). Furthermore, acellular Comet assay (acellular assay) was performed to determine how single-strand breaks (SSBs) as the initial damage contributes to DNA migration and/or to micronucleus formation. The lowest genotoxic dose (LGD), which is defined as the lowest dose at which each mutagen causes a positive response on each genotoxicity assay, was used to compare the power of the Comet assay to detect a low level of genotoxic potential and that of MN test; that is, a low LGD indicates a high power. Results are summarized as follows: (1) for all mutagens studied, LGDs were MN test ≦ Comet assay; (2) except for BLM, LGDs were Comet assay/araC ≦ MN test; (3) except for UVC and MNU, LGDs were acellular assay ≦ Comet assay/araC ≦ MN test ≦ Comet assay. The following is suggested by the present findings: (1) LGD in the Comet assay is higher than that in MN test, which suggests that the power of the MN test to detect a low level of genotoxic potential is superior to that of the Comet assay; (2) for the studied mutagens, all assays were able to detect all mutagens correctly, which suggests that the sensitivity of the Comet assay and that of the MN test were exactly identical; (3) the power of the Comet assay to detect a low level of genotoxic potential can be elevated to a level higher than that of MN test by using DNA resynthesis inhibitors, such as araC and HU.

Evaluation of the Mutagenic and Genotoxic Potential of Ubiquinol

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuaki Kitano ◽  
Fukutaro Mizuhashi ◽  
Hiroshi Kubo ◽  
Hideyuki Kishida ◽  
Kenji Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Ubiquinol (the reduced form of coenzyme Q10) is the two-electron reduction product of ubiquinone (the oxidized form of coenzyme Q10), and has been shown to be an integral part of living cells, where it functions as an antioxidant in both mitochondria and lipid membranes. To provide information to enable a Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) evaluation for the use of ubiquinol in selected foods, a series of Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and good laboratory practice (GLP) toxicological studies was conducted to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of Kaneka QH brand of ubiquinol. Ubiquinol did not induce reverse mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA at concentrations up to 5000 μg/plate, in either the absence and presence of exogenous metabolic activation by rat liver S9. Likewise, ubiquinol did not induce chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (CHL/IU) cells in short-term (6-h) tests with or without rat liver S9 at concentrations up to 5000 μg/ml or in a continuous (24-h) treatment test at concentrations up to 1201 μg/ml. Finally, no mortalities, no abnormal clinical signs, and no significant increase in chromosome damage were observed in an in vivo micronucleus test when administered orally at doses up to 2000 mg/kg/day. Thus, ubiquinol was evaluated as negative in the bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration, and rat bone marrow micronucleus tests under the conditions of these assays.

scholarly journals Assessment of the genotoxic potential of two zinc oxide sources (amorphous and nanoparticles) using the in vitro micronucleus test and the in vivo wing somatic mutation and recombination test

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica de Melo Reis ◽  
Alexandre Azenha Alves de Rezende ◽  
Diego Vilela Santos ◽  
Pollyanna Francielli de Oliveria ◽  
Heloisa Diniz Nicolella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Somatic Mutation ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Genotoxic Potential

scholarly journals Antineoplastic Activity and Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts and Barbatic Acid Isolated from the Lichen Cladonia salzmannii Nyl

10.3823/2594 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joelma Pessoa Gonçalves ◽  
Mônica Cristina Barroso Martins ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Lacerda Buril ◽  
Jaciana Dos Santos Aguiar ◽  
Terezinha Gonçalves Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Antineoplastic Activity ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Organic Extracts

Background: Secondary metabolites are responsible for most of the biological activities of lichens. Many of these compounds exhibit significant antineoplastic activity. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of organic extracts and purified barbatic acid from the lichen Cladonia salzmannii (Nyl.). Methods: The thallus of the lichen (22 g) was cleaned and dried with the solvents diethyl ether, chloroform and acetone. Organic extracts were obtained using the hot exhausted method in a Soxhlet apparatus. Barbatic acid (BAR) was purified from the ether extract (1.3 g). Chemical analysis of the organic extracts and purified BAR was performed using thin-layer chromatography. The purity of purified BAR was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The MTT method [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) were used to determine the cytotoxic activity of the organic extracts and purified BAR. The micronucleus test and comet assay were used to determine genotoxic potential of the organic extracts and purified BAR. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the diluting solvent of the samples in all biological tests. Results: The IC50 results demonstrated significant cytotoxic potential of the ether extract (50 µg/mL) against cell lines NCI-H292 (IC50: 29.91 µg/mL), HEp-2 (IC50: 26.75 µg/mL) and HL-60 (IC50: 3.59 µg/mL) as well as the purified BAR (25 µg/mL) against cell lines HEp-2 (IC50: 15.79 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (IC50: 18.28 µg/mL). The CBPI demonstrated the cytotoxic activity of the purified BAR at all concentrations tested (5, 10, 20 and 40 µg/mL) and all organic extracts (50 µg/mL) against Ehrlich carcinoma cells. For sarcoma 180, only BAR purified at a concentration of 40 µg/mL and the ether and chloroform extracts (50 µg/mL) were considered cytotoxic. The micronucleus test revealed that the purified BAR at a concentration of 5 µg/mL had no genotoxic potential against either tumor cell line. Furthermore, the chloroform extract and purified BAR at a concentration of 10 µg/mL were not considered genotoxic for sarcoma 180. In the comet assay, all compounds tested induced DNA damage in both tumor lines. Conclusion: Based on the present results, organic extracts and purified barbatic acid from C. salzmannii exhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic activity against of the tumor cell lines tested.

In vitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of CeO2 nanoparticles in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, comet assay, and gamma H2AX

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serpil Könen-Adıgüzel ◽  
Serap Ergene
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Genotoxic Potential ◽  
Wide Range

Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) are used in a wide range of applications because of their unique properties. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are one of the important ENPs, and they can cause negative health effects, such as genotoxicity, in humans and other living organisms. The aim of this work was to analyze the genotoxic effects of short-term (3–24 h) CeO2 NPs exposure to cultured human blood lymphocytes. Three genotoxicity systems “cytokinesis-block micronucleus test, comet assay, and gamma H2AX test” were used to show the genotoxic potential of CeO2 NPs (particle size <25 nm, concentrations: 6, 12, and 18 µg/mL). Hydrogen peroxide was selected as the positive-control genotoxic agent. Our results indicate that CeO2 NPs have genotoxic potential on human peripheral blood lymphocytes cells even at 3–24 h exposure under in vitro conditions.

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