scholarly journals Could a Unified Theory of Cognition and Emotion Further the Transdiagnostic Perspective? A Critical Analysis Using Interacting Cognitive Subsystems as a Case Example

2016 ◽  
Vol a4 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity A Cowdrey ◽  
Claire Lomax ◽  
James D Gregory ◽  
Philip J Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Interacting Cognitive Subsystems

There is evidence that common processes underlie psychological disorders transdiagnostically. A challenge for the transdiagnostic movement is accounting for such processes theoretically. Theories of psychological disorders are traditionally restricted in scope, often explaining specific aspects of a disorder. The alternative to such ‘micro-theories’ is developing frameworks which explain general human cognition, so called ‘macro-theories’, and applying these systematically to clinical phenomena. Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS) [Teasdale, J.D., & Barnard, P.J. (1993). Affect, cognition and change: Re-modelling depressive thought, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove] is a macro-theory which aims to explain aspects of information processing. The aim of this review is to examine whether ICS provides a useful platform for understanding common processes which maintain psychological disorders. The core principles of ICS are explained and theoretical papers adopting ICS to explain a particular psychological disorder or symptom are considered. Dysfunctional schematic mental models, reciprocal interactions between emotional and intellectual beliefs, as well as attention and memory processes, are identified as being important to the maintenance of psychological disorders. Concrete examples of how such variables can be translated into novel therapeutic strategies are given. The review concludes that unified theories of cognition and emotion have the potential to drive forward developments in transdiagnostic thinking, research and treatment.

Précis ofUnified theories of cognition

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Newell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Syllogistic Reasoning ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unified Theories

AbstractThe book presents the case that cognitive science should turn its attention to developing theories of human cognition that cover the full range of human perceptual, cognitive, and action phenomena. Cognitive science has now produced a massive number of high-quality regularities with many microtheories that reveal important mechanisms. The need for integration is pressing and will continue to increase. Equally important, cognitive science now has the theoretical concepts and tools to support serious attempts at unified theories. The argument is made entirely by presenting an exemplar unified theory of cognition both to show what a real unified theory would be like and to provide convincing evidence that such theories are feasible. The exemplar is SOAR, a cognitive architecture, which is realized as a software system. After a detailed discussion of the architecture and its properties, with its relation to the constraints on cognition in the real world and to existing ideas in cognitive science, SOAR is used as theory for a wide range of cognitive phenomena: immediate responses (stimulus-response compatibility and the Sternberg phenomena); discrete motor skills (transcription typing); memory and learning (episodic memory and the acquisition of skill through practice); problem solving (cryptarithmetic puzzles and syllogistic reasoning); language (sentence verification and taking instructions); and development (transitions in the balance beam task). The treatments vary in depth and adequacy, but they clearly reveal a single, highly specific, operational theory that works over the entire range of human cognition, SOAR is presented as an exemplar unified theory, not as the sole candidate. Cognitive science is not ready yet for a single theory – there must be multiple attempts. But cognitive science must begin to work toward such unified theories.

Data for a Comparative Account of Toxic Psychoses of Various Aetiologies

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (520) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Korolenko ◽  
T. A. Yevseyeva ◽  
P. P. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Disorder

At the close of the last century there began to spread in the field of psychiatry the idea that every specific pathological agent and every individual toxin produced a picture of psychological disorder that was uniquely characteristic of the causative agent. This idea was extensively developed in the work of Kraepelin (1892) and supplanted the view expressed earlier by Morel, who denied the existence of any specificity in psychological disorders related to their aetiology.

scholarly journals Positive Religious Coping and Mental Health among Christians and Muslims in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Justin Thomas ◽  
Mariapaola Barbato
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Religious Coping

Positive religious coping has frequently been associated with better mental health outcomes when dealing with stressful life events (e.g., natural disasters, domestic abuse, divorce). The COVID-19 pandemic, and the associated infection prevention and control measures (curfew, quarantine, restricted travel, social distancing), represent a society-wide stressor. This study explored positive religious coping among the Muslim and Christian residents of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) during the early stages of the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 543) completed an online survey assessing religious coping in response to the pandemic, along with symptom measures of depression, anxiety and history of psychological disorder. Muslims (N = 339) reported significantly higher levels of positive religious coping compared to their Christian counterparts (N = 204). Across the whole sample, positive religious coping was inversely related to having a history of psychological disorders. Among the Muslim cohort, positive religious coping was inversely related to depressive symptoms and having a history of psychological disorders. Positive religious coping during infectious disease outbreaks may help some individuals reduce their risk of depressive illness. National pandemic preparedness plans may benefit from including a focus on religion and religious coping.

Immediate effects of vagus nerve stimulation on human cognition and emotion

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
K. Holm ◽  
L. Sun ◽  
J. Peräkylä ◽  
J. Haapasalo ◽  
K. Lehtimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cognition And Emotion

scholarly journals GRAND UNIFICATION WITHOUT HIGGS BOSONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
STEPHEN M. BARR ◽  
XAVIER CALMET
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
W Bosons ◽  
Gauge Coupling ◽  
Baryon Number ◽  
Higgs Bosons ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Grand Unified Theory ◽  
Grand Unified Theories ◽  
Unified Theories

We discuss how a model for the electroweak interactions without a Higgs could be embedded into a grand unified theory. The requirement of a non-trivial fixed point in the SU(2) sector of the weak interactions together with the requirement of the numerical unification of the gauge couplings leads to a prediction for the value of the SU(2) gauge coupling in the fixed point regime. The fixed point regime must be in the TeV region to solve the unitarity problem in the elastic scattering of W bosons. We find that the unification scale is at about 1014 GeV. Viable grand unified theories must thus conserve baryon number. We discuss how to build such a model without using Higgs bosons.

Isolation and Psychological Disorder

1975 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg S. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

Isolation has been thought by many to exert an influence in the development of psychological disorders. However, empirical investigation has provided mixed results. This report presents data on the relationship between interpersonal isolation immediately prior to contact with a hospital and psychological disturbance as reported by psychiatric diagnosis. Significant association was found between presence of isolation, psychosis, and high disturbance. This indicates that isolation in an interpersonal sense may be detrimental to psychological well being and is a topic worthy of further investigation.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DISEASE BURDEN IN NEPAL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tausig ◽  
Sree Subedi ◽  
Janaradan Subedi ◽  
C. L. Broughton ◽  
Sarah Williams-Blangero
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological disorders are a substantial part of the disease burden in many developing countries, yet few health services are directed toward the detection and treatment of these disorders. The relationship between psychological disorders and physical health problems was investigated by means of a community survey (N =653) in a small village in Nepal, using a shortened version of the DSM-III-R Checklist to estimate the prevalence of several psychological disorders and a version of the Cornell Medical Index to assess physical illness symptoms. Results indicate that approximately 18.4 percent of this rural population has had a diagnosable mental illness. Moreover, there is substantial overlap between physical health problems and psychological disorder for those with a psychological disorder (32.5%). The findings indicate that health providers in developing countries need to screen for psychological disorders as a standard part of health assessments.

scholarly journals Chunibyo: Psychological Disorders in Anime Aura: Maryuinko Ga Saigo No Tatakai

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Laksmita Sari ◽  
Renny Aggraeny
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
Fantasy World ◽  
Discriminatory Behavior ◽  
Other World ◽  
Theory Of Literature

This study discusses the behavior of the characters in anime Aura: Maryuinko ga Saigo no Tatakai who are suffering from chunibyo psychological disorders. Chunibyo? behavior can occur because of excessive admiration of animated character so that one can be dissolved in an imaginary world. Through the psychological theory of literature and psychology of personality this paper analyzes the behavior of chunibyo in Anime Aura: Maryuinko ga Saigo no Tatakai, discrimination exercised by the local community and how to cure chunibyo psychological disorders. The results showed that the characters in anime Aura: Maryuinko ga Saigo no Tatakai suffer from psychological disorder of chunibyo jakigankei type characterized, among others, by possession of another identity, consider themselves super hero, come from other world, and the rejection of the environment. Discriminatory behavior which is the most widely accepted by the patient of chunibyo is ijime (bullying). In this anime, the characters can be cured in many ways by involving them into the fantasy world and taking them back to the real world.

scholarly journals Mental health literacy in a diverse sample of undergraduate students: demographic, psychological, and academic correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Miles ◽  
Laura Rabin ◽  
Anjali Krishnan ◽  
Evan Grandoit ◽  
Kamil Kloskowski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
College Level ◽  
High Performers

Abstract Background Investigating variables associated with mental health literacy in the college-age population takes us one step closer to providing intervention for this vulnerable group, where growing rates of psychological disorders are a serious public concern. This study adds to the existing literature by incorporating, within a single model, multi-faceted variables (demographic, psychological, and academic) that contribute to mental health literacy in demographically and ethnically diverse college students. Methods Participants were undergraduate students enrolled at nine different colleges that are part of a large, urban, public university system. A total of 1213 respondents (62.0% female, 73.3% non-white) completed an in-person assessment of mental health literacy and answered questions about demographics, college experience, and mental health experience. Data were analyzed to identify which variables best discriminated between high, mid-level, and low performers on this assessment. Results Discriminant correspondence analysis revealed that the difference between high and low performers (accounting for 90.27% of the total variance) was driven by participants who had taken at least one course related to clinical psychology and who typically majored in psychology and applied health science fields. These participants were more likely to report being white, female, between the ages of 28–32, and in the fourth year or later of their undergraduate program. In addition, high performers were more likely to have been diagnosed and/or treated for a psychological disorder, have more experience with psychological disorders through personal, family, or peer history, and have families who are open to discussing mental health issues. Conclusion The main contributor to variation in mental health literacy scores was having taken a clinical psychology course, followed by majoring in psychology. Importantly, our findings identified not only the high performers, but also the low performers, for whom an increase in knowledge and awareness of mental health is crucial to overall psychological well-being. These results have important implications for the design of educational interventions aimed at improving mental health literacy at the college level, especially for students who otherwise would not have been exposed to this information from coursework or their major.

A multilevel approach to modeling human cognition

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-627
Author(s):  
Hongbin Wang ◽  
Todd R. Johnson ◽  
Jiajie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Brain Levels

Although we agree with Newell and Anderson & Lebiere (A&L) that a unified theory of cognition is needed to advance cognitive science, we disagree on how to achieve it. A hybrid system can score high in the Newell Test but may not offer a veridical and coherent theory of cognition. A multilevel approach, involving theories at both psychological and brain levels, is suggested.

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