scholarly journals The Role of Disgust in Posttraumatic Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. pr.032813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christal L. Badour ◽  
Matthew T. Feldner
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom ◽  
Retrospective Report ◽  
Stress Symptom ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

The current review provides a detailed analysis of the burgeoning literature examining the role of disgust in understanding posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Research in this area generally converges to suggest (1) posttraumatic stress is associated with the experience of elevated disgust, (2) individual differences in disgust vulnerabilities may relate to increased posttraumatic stress symptom levels, (3) retrospective report of peritraumatic disgust is related to posttraumatic stress symptom levels, and (4) posttraumatic stress symptom levels appear to be associated with increased disgust, including in response to traumatic event cues. Importantly, much of this research suggests observed relations between disgust and posttraumatic stress are at least somewhat unique from relations between fear/anxiety and posttraumatic stress. Future research is now needed to identify mechanisms involved in these relations in order to inform the prevention and treatment of disgust-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

scholarly journals The role of memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: implications for clinical practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Montagner Rigoli ◽  
Gustavo Ramos Silva ◽  
Fernando Rainho de Oliveira ◽  
Giovanni Kuckartz Pergher ◽  
Christian Haag Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Future Research

Abstract Introduction: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent disorder with important social consequences. Several models have been developed with the aim of understanding the mechanisms underlying its symptoms. Intrusions are idiosyncratic symptoms that commonly take the form of involuntary recollection of images or flashbacks about the traumatic event. Objective: To review how memory is conceptualized in each of these models and the implications for clinical practice. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted through analysis of the perspectives of memory in theoretical models of PTSD. Results: Two main perspectives were identified: 1) models in which specific mechanisms of memory for processing traumatic events are proposed, especially those based on clinical studies, and 2) models in which common mnemonic mechanisms are utilized to explain the phenomenon, primarily based on basic experimental research studies investigating memory. The different theories based on these approaches have led to distinct psychotherapy interventions. Conclusion: In order to clarify these discrepancies, future research should aim for the methodological rigor of experimental studies, while maintaining the ecological applicability of findings. Cognitive experimental psychopathology is therefore an area on which research funding should be focused. Such studies could elucidate the role of mnemonic aspects in PTSD and how they impact psychological treatments.

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Survivors of Recent Interpersonal Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097819
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Morris ◽  
Francisco Sanchez-Sáez ◽  
Brooklynn Bailey ◽  
Natalie Hellman ◽  
Amber Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom ◽  
Stress Symptom

A substantial minority of women who experience interpersonal violence will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). One critical challenge for preventing PTSD is predicting whose acute posttraumatic stress symptoms will worsen to a clinically significant degree. This 6-month longitudinal study adopted multilevel modeling and exploratory machine learning (ML) methods to predict PTSD onset in 58 young women, ages 18 to 30, who experienced an incident of physical and/or sexual assault in the three months prior to baseline assessment. Women completed baseline assessments of theory-driven cognitive and neurobiological predictors and interview-based measures of PTSD diagnostic status and symptom severity at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Higher levels of self-blame, generalized anxiety disorder severity, childhood trauma exposure, and impairment across multiple domains were associated with a pattern of high and stable posttraumatic stress symptom severity over time. Predictive performance for PTSD onset was similarly strong for a gradient boosting machine learning model including all predictors and a logistic regression model including only baseline posttraumatic stress symptom severity. The present findings provide directions for future work on PTSD prediction among interpersonal violence survivors that could enhance early risk detection and potentially inform targeted prevention programs.

Posttraumatic stress symptom severity predicts marijuana use coping motives among traumatic event-exposed marijuana users

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel O. Bonn-Miller ◽  
Anka A. Vujanovic ◽  
Matthew T. Feldner ◽  
Amit Bernstein ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom ◽  
Stress Symptom ◽  
Coping Motives

Marijuana use among traumatic event-exposed adolescents: Posttraumatic stress symptom frequency predicts coping motivations for use

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Bujarski ◽  
Matthew T. Feldner ◽  
Sarah F. Lewis ◽  
Kimberly A. Babson ◽  
Casey D. Trainor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Symptom ◽  
Stress Symptom ◽  
Symptom Frequency

No role for benzodiazepines in posttraumatic stress disorder? A surplus of certainty despite scarce evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Starcevic
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

Objective: This article addresses some of the controversies about the role of benzodiazepines in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusions: Benzodiazepines have been admonished in treatment guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder, but this is based on very little solid evidence. Although benzodiazepines do not seem to be effective in the treatment of the core posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, their careful use as adjunctive agents for the symptoms such as anxiety and sleep disturbance may be useful. Future research needs to identify predictors of improved treatment outcomes in posttraumatic stress disorder with use of benzodiazepines.

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