Property Rights in Common, from Communes to Town and Village Enterprises in Rural China

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Malcolm Cone ◽  
Zhilong Tian ◽  
André Everett
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Responsibility System

The paper is an investigation of the emergence of town and village enterprises (TVE) in rural China. Part one investigates the antecedents of the TVE phenomenon, adopting the dual perspectives of macro economic policy (especially the household responsibility system) and the role of culture as explanatory paradigms. Part two is a case study of a successful TVE that shows the effects of economic policies and culture on a single organization in rural Hubei Province.

scholarly journals Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Kredit Pada Pembiayaan Syariah di Koperasi As Sakinah Sidoarjo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Laila
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Secondary Data Source ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Responsibility System

Credit risk is one of the most frequent risks in tough financing such as on financing using ijarah and murabahah contracts in Sharia financial institutions. The reason is due to mistakes in the analysis of financing applications and lack of cooperative readiness in managing and anticipating the possibility of risk exposure in the institution. In other hand, sharia cooperatives follow the principle of lost and profit sharing that requires a careful cooperative in managing their business in order to achieve the expected profit target.As Sakinah Cooperation Sidoarjo which has been operating for 19 years only experienced credit risk less than 1%. Therefore, this study is aimed to firstly understand and describe to what extent the implementation of risk management in sharia financing in As Sakinah Cooperation Sidoarjo is, and secondly, to understand and describe the credit risk settlement scheme that occurs in sharia financing in As Sakinah Cooperation Sidoarjo.This research used qualitative method, using a case study approach. Data are collected through interview technique at main source and documents and regulation of the cooperation as secondary data source. The data were analyzed through 3 (three) steps. They are data deduction, data display and conclusion and verification.The results show that the role of the group and the joint responsibility system become the key in reducing credit risk Keywords: management, risk, credit, Ijarah, Murabahah.

Privatisation and the Development of Tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Property Rights, Firm Performance, and Recombinant Property

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M Williams ◽  
Vladimir Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Level Performance

Privatisation is one of the key elements of the package of neoliberal reforms in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe which collectively constitute the ‘sharp shock’ strategy. In this, privatisation is ascribed the role of redistributing and clarifying property rights, which is an assumed precondition for efficiency improvements in individual firms. In practice, the transformation is characterised by path dependency, cultural and political legacies, and uneven and partial reform of market institutions and of regulation. We contribute to the debate on the link between property rights and firm-level performance in three main ways. First, we analyse the tourism sector as a counterbalance to the emphasis in the existing literature on manufacturing and financial services; particular emphasis is given to the roles of ‘operators’ and the ‘nomenklatura’, and to complex, nonlinear shifts in property rights. Second, we assess the performance of tourism firms created by different forms of creative and distributive privatisation; this emphasises the diversity of property rights, market segmentation, and the capital and debt structures of firms. Third, the value of the concept of ‘recombinant’ property for analysing the complex and changing forms of property rights is critiqued. These arguments are illustrated through a case study of tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Economic Policy and Latin American Culture: Is a Virtuous Circle Possible?

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID E. HOJMAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Latin American Culture

Economic development is positively related to the presence of favourable cultural attitudes (‘progressive values’): the radius of trust, the ethical system, the nature of the exercise of authority, and attitudes to work, savings, and innovation. This article explores the possibility of a virtuous circle linking economic policies and Latin American cultural attitudes, mostly using examples from Chile since the mid 1980s. The link from culture to development emerges from education, economic awareness and professional economics, and the traditional culture and spontaneous cultural change. The link from economic policy to culture is represented by developments in macroeconomics and the financial sector, industrial protection and free trade, and female participation in the labour market. The role of poverty and inequality, and the effectiveness of exhortation versus incentives, and of concentrating the effort on several specific groups, are also examined.

Talking Back: The Role of Narrative in Vietnam’s Recent Land Compensation Changes

Urban Studies ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Social Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compensation Packages

As in other rapidly growing economies, Vietnam’s urban land development has been a source of social conflict as those who are relocated contest the distribution of economic gains. More recently, the relocated have increased their bargaining power and receive better compensation packages. The paper analyses this situation to discuss further developing our understanding of how property rights institutions change. The case study shows the efficacy of social narratives to renegotiate the terms of the social contract supporting property rights even in a society with limited means for public participation in governmental reform. Secondly, it illuminates that modern property rights are entwined with public finance and so property rights reforms are tied to the organisational structure of government and fiscal relations.

scholarly journals Fiscal Effects of Monetary Seigniorage: A Case Study of Pakistan

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1113-1119
Author(s):  
Kalbe Abbas ◽  
Tariq Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
National Income ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Monetary Authorities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Macro Variables

The effects of monetary policy on key macro variables have been studied in the literature. In Pakistan most of these studies concentrate on exploring the interdependence of money supply, national income, inflation etc.1 One important, but neglected issue of monetary policy, is its fiscal effects. The fiscal and monetary authorities being parts of the total economic policy machinery, the role of monetary instruments in achieving fiscal objective should not be ignored. In countries like Pakistan where the central bank is under direct control of the government, fiscal policy is often made under the assumption that the monetary policy will be adjusted accordingly.2 There are a number of ways in which monetary policy may lead to fulfilment of some fiscal objectives. These include devaluation, change in interest rate and change in monetary base.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study on Adoption of Resistive Economy as a Political Strategy in Urban Management and Municipalities (Case Study: Zahedan Municipality)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Seyed Moslem Seyedhosseini
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Nowadays, municipalities provide services to more than 70 percent of countries around the world, particularly the developing countries. Nevertheless, the important role of such nongovernmental institutions has not been adequately recognized in realization of resistive economic policies. As a large Iranian city, Zahedan has the capability to become an economic hub in the eastern region of the country due to its unique geographical location. Thus, the municipality of Zahedan can play an invaluable role in achieving such a goal. This paper attempts to discuss the most important challenges facing municipalities, including the municipality of Zahedan in line with fulfillment of the resistive economic policy. These challenges are categorized into four areas including: Laws and regulations, administrational issues, human resources and citizen participation. The methodology is descriptive-analytical. Moreover, the data were analyzed in terms of statistical measures through SPSS. The results indicates that the greatest challenge concerning the faded role of municipalities in the urban economy originates respectively from laws and regulations, administrational issues, human resources and citizen participation.

What Drives Unequal Policy Responsiveness? Assessing the Role of Informational Asymmetries in Economic Policy-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 2213-2245
Author(s):  
Mads Andreas Elkjær
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Recent scholarship on inequality and political representation argues that economic elites are dominating democratic policy-making, yet it struggles to explain the underlying mechanisms. This article proposes that unequal responsiveness reflects asymmetries in information about fiscal policy across income classes, as opposed to being a structural bias inherent in capitalist democracy. I test the argument in a pathway case study of economic policy-making in Denmark, using a new data set that combines preference and spending data spanning 18 spending domains between 1985 and 2017. I find that governments that pursue standard macroeconomic policies coincidentally respond more strongly to the preferences of the affluent, owing to a closer adjustment of preferences to the state of the economy among citizens in upper income groups. These findings have important democratic and theoretical implications, as they suggest that unequal responsiveness may not reflect substantive misrepresentation of majority interests, but rather differences in information levels across groups.

8 The Role of Collective Action in Securing Property Rights for the Poor: A Case Study in Jambi Province, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Komarudin ◽  
Yuliana L. Siagian ◽  
Carol J. Pierce Colfer ◽  
Neldysavrino ◽  
Yentirizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
The Poor
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