scholarly journals Regularization Method for Rule Reduction in Belief Rule-based SystemRegularization Method for Rule Reduction in Belief Rule-based System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Guan
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Method ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Fuzzy Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Belief Rule Base

Belief rule-based inference system introduces a belief distribution structure into the conventional rule-based system, which can effectively synthesize incomplete and fuzzy information. In order to optimize reasoning efficiency and reduce redundant rules, this paper proposes a rule reduction method based on regularization. This method controls the distribution of rules by setting corresponding regularization penalties in different learning steps and reduces redundant rules. This paper first proposes the use of the Gaussian membership function to optimize the structure and activation process of the belief rule base, and the corresponding regularization penalty construction method. Then, a step-by-step training method is used to set a different objective function for each step to control the distribution of belief rules, and a reduction threshold is set according to the distribution information of the belief rule base to perform rule reduction. Two experiments will be conducted based on the synthetic classification data set and the benchmark classification data set to verify the performance of the reduced belief rule base.

scholarly journals An Evolutionary Belief Rule-Based Clinical Decision Support System to Predict COVID-19 Severity under Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5810
Author(s):  
Faisal Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Raihan Ul Islam ◽  
Karl Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Clinical Decision Support ◽  
Support System ◽  
Clinical Decision Support System ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Belief Rule Base

Accurate and rapid identification of the severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients is necessary for reducing the risk of overloading the hospitals, effective hospital resource utilization, and minimizing the mortality rate in the pandemic. A conjunctive belief rule-based clinical decision support system is proposed in this paper to identify critical and non-critical COVID-19 patients in hospitals using only three blood test markers. The experts’ knowledge of COVID-19 is encoded in the form of belief rules in the proposed method. To fine-tune the initial belief rules provided by COVID-19 experts using the real patient’s data, a modified differential evolution algorithm that can solve the constraint optimization problem of the belief rule base is also proposed in this paper. Several experiments are performed using 485 COVID-19 patients’ data to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system. Experimental result shows that, after optimization, the conjunctive belief rule-based system achieved the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.954, 0.923, and 0.959, respectively, while for disjunctive belief rule base, they are 0.927, 0.769, and 0.948. Moreover, with a 98.85% AUC value, our proposed method shows superior performance than the four traditional machine learning algorithms: LR, SVM, DT, and ANN. All these results validate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The proposed system will help the hospital authorities to identify severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients and adopt optimal treatment plans in pandemic situations.

scholarly journals Genetic fuzzy system for prediction of respiratory rate of chicks subject to thermal challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia F. P. Ferraz ◽  
Tadayuki Yanagi Junior ◽  
Yamid F. Hernandez-Julio ◽  
Gabriel A. e S. Ferraz ◽  
Maria A. J. G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
System Model ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Genetic Fuzzy System

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate and compare the respiratory rate (breath min-1) of broiler chicks subjected to different heat intensities and exposure durations for the first week of life using a Fuzzy Inference System and a Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System. The experiment was conducted in four environmentally controlled wind tunnels and using 210 chicks. The Fuzzy Inference System was structured based on two input variables: duration of thermal exposure (in days) and dry bulb temperature (°C), and the output variable was respiratory rate. The Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System set the parameters of input and output variables of the Fuzzy Inference System model in order to increase the prediction accuracy of the respiratory rate values. The two systems (Fuzzy Inference System and Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System) proved to be able to predict the respiratory rate of chicks. The Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System interacted well with the Fuzzy Inference System model previously developed showing an improvement in the respiratory rate prediction accuracy. The Fuzzy Inference System had mean percentage error of 2.77, and for Fuzzy Inference System and Genetic Fuzzy Rule Based System it was 0.87, thus indicating an improvement in the accuracy of prediction of respiratory rate when using the tool of genetic algorithms.

scholarly journals Compact Belief Rule Base Learning for Classification with Evidential Clustering

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianmeng Jiao ◽  
Xiaojiao Geng ◽  
Quan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Ecm Algorithm ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Belief Rule Base ◽  
Belief Function Theory

The belief rule-based classification system (BRBCS) is a promising technique for addressing different types of uncertainty in complex classification problems, by introducing the belief function theory into the classical fuzzy rule-based classification system. However, in the BRBCS, high numbers of instances and features generally induce a belief rule base (BRB) with large size, which degrades the interpretability of the classification model for big data sets. In this paper, a BRB learning method based on the evidential C-means clustering (ECM) algorithm is proposed to efficiently design a compact belief rule-based classification system (CBRBCS). First, a supervised version of the ECM algorithm is designed by means of weighted product-space clustering to partition the training set with the goals of obtaining both good inter-cluster separability and inner-cluster pureness. Then, a systematic method is developed to construct belief rules based on the obtained credal partitions. Finally, an evidential partition entropy-based optimization procedure is designed to get a compact BRB with a better trade-off between accuracy and interpretability. The key benefit of the proposed CBRBCS is that it can provide a more interpretable classification model on the premise of comparative accuracy. Experiments based on synthetic and real data sets have been conducted to evaluate the classification accuracy and interpretability of the proposal.

Determination of attributes affecting price-performance using fuzzy rule-based systems: online ratings of hotels by travel 2.0 users

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-311
Author(s):  
Seden Doğan ◽  
Murat Alper Basaran ◽  
Kemal Kantarci
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rule Based System ◽  
Price Performance ◽  
Soft Computing Method ◽  
Online Ratings ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Overall Evaluation

Purpose Fuzzy rule-based system (FRBS), a soft computing method used for big data analysis, is used to determine which single hotel attribute or interrelated hotel attributes used in Travel 2.0 data play a role on price–performance (PP). Design/methodology/approach FRBS, based on fuzzy set theory, is used using the data set of four- and five-star hotels in the Alanya destination in Turkey collected from HolidayCheck.de website for the period between 2009 and 2016. Findings Single attributes do not have an impact on PP. At least two or more attributes are necessary to have an impact on PP. Compensations among attributes that are observed to be leading to PP not to change from their current level. Instead of assuming a linear relationship between hotel attributes and PP, non-linearity should often be assumed. In addition, some hotel attributes do not have an impact on PP until some other attribute reaches a certain level. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this research can be grouped under two topics. While the first is related to data, which is German-speaking tourists staying at four- and five-star hotels between 2009 and 2016, the second is the limitation on generalizability. By implementing other types of data related to hotel attributes, new insights can be generated to shed light on different aspects of the relationship between hotel attributes and PP or other measures such as overall evaluation. Originality/value A data-driven model called FRBS is constructed using original verbal statements. Novel insights pertinent to relations between hotel attributes and PP have been extracted.

scholarly journals Multi-sensor driver drowsiness monitoring

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Boyraz ◽  
M Acar ◽  
D Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Subtractive Clustering ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Driver Drowsiness ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Significant Difference

A system for driver drowsiness monitoring is proposed, using multi-sensor data acquisition and investigating two decision-making algorithms, namely a fuzzy inference system (FIS) and an artificial neural network (ANN), to predict the drowsiness level of the driver. Drowsiness indicator signals are selected allowing non-intrusive measurements. The experimental set-up of a driver-drowsiness-monitoring system is designed on the basis of the sought-after indicator signals. These selected signals are the eye closure via pupil area measurement, gaze vector and head motion acquired by a monocular computer vision system, steering wheel angle, vehicle speed, and force applied to the steering wheel by the driver. It is believed that, by fusing these signals, driver drowsiness can be detected and drowsiness level can be predicted. For validation of this hypothesis, 30 subjects, in normal and sleep-deprived conditions, are involved in a standard highway simulation for 1.5h, giving a data set of 30 pairs. For designing a feature space to be used in decision making, several metrics are derived using histograms and entropies of the signals. An FIS and an ANN are used for decision making on the drowsiness level. To construct the rule base of the FIS, two different methods are employed and compared in terms of performance: first, linguistic rules from experimental studies in literature and, second, mathematically extracted rules by fuzzy subtractive clustering. The drowsiness levels belonging to each session are determined by the participants before and after the experiment, and videos of their faces are assessed to obtain the ground truth output for training the systems. The FIS is able to predict correctly 98 per cent of determined drowsiness states (training set) and 89 per cent of previously unknown test set states, while the ANN has a correct classification rate of 90 per cent for the test data. No significant difference is observed between the FIS and the ANN; however, the FIS might be considered better since the rule base can be improved on the basis of new observations.

Highly explainable cumulative belief rule-based system with effective rule-base modeling and inference scheme

2021 ◽  
pp. 107805
Author(s):  
Long-Hao Yang ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Fei-Fei Ye ◽  
Ying-Ming Wang ◽  
Chris Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rule Base ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Rule Based System

scholarly journals Machine learning-based identification and rule-based normalization of adverse drug reactions in drug labels

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mert Tiftikci ◽  
Arzucan Özgür ◽  
Yongqun He ◽  
Junguk Hur
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Rule Based System

Abstract Background Use of medication can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs), unwanted or unexpected events, which are a major safety concern. Drug labels, or prescribing information or package inserts, describe ADRs. Therefore, systematically identifying ADR information from drug labels is critical in multiple aspects; however, this task is challenging due to the nature of the natural language of drug labels. Results In this paper, we present a machine learning- and rule-based system for the identification of ADR entity mentions in the text of drug labels and their normalization through the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) dictionary. The machine learning approach is based on a recently proposed deep learning architecture, which integrates bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) for entity recognition. The rule-based approach, used for normalizing the identified ADR mentions to MedDRA terms, is based on an extension of our in-house text-mining system, SciMiner. We evaluated our system on the Text Analysis Conference (TAC) Adverse Drug Reaction 2017 challenge test data set, consisting of 200 manually curated US FDA drug labels. Our ML-based system achieved 77.0% F1 score on the task of ADR mention recognition and 82.6% micro-averaged F1 score on the task of ADR normalization, while rule-based system achieved 67.4 and 77.6% F1 scores, respectively. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that a system composed of a deep learning architecture for entity recognition and a rule-based model for entity normalization is a promising approach for ADR extraction from drug labels.

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