scholarly journals Associating Events with People on Social Networks Using A-PRIORI

Author(s):  
Srijan Khare ◽  
Vyankatesh Agrawal ◽  
Gaurav Tiwari ◽  
Gourav Arora ◽  
Bhaskar Biswas
Keyword(s):  
1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith B. Kamm ◽  
Aaron J. Nurick

This model of multi-founder organizational formation assumes that organizations emerge In stages, following an a priori sequence of transitions. The idea stage comes first. In it, individuals or groups within the context of their social networks make decisions about the business concept and what Is needed to implement it. The second stage consists of implementation decisions, Including who will supply resources, what Inducements will be used to attract more partners if necessary, and how the team will be kept together. Feedback loops Indicate that the process may return to the concept and implementation needs decisions, depending upon choices made at certain critical points.


Urban Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laavanya Kathiravelu ◽  
Tim Bunnell

Issues of integration, assimilation and the place of ‘strangers’ within metropolitan contexts have been overwhelmingly conceptualised within the larger structural frames of ethnicity, nationality, immigration status and socio-economic class. This raises and reflects important issues around strategies of differentiation, urban exclusion and the hierarchies inherent in everyday life within contemporary cities. However, in privileging such modes of analysis, other more dynamic, elastic, latent and surreptitious forms of affinity, relatedness and connection within the urban environment are often left unexamined. Friendship is one of these. The articles in this special issue initiate a deeper and more sustained focus on friendship as a relational modality that characterises many urban interactions, and that also takes on particular forms within demographically diverse city spaces. The particular contribution of this special issue is in bringing together the literature from urban studies, research on diversity, understandings of social capital and networks and contemporary discussions of friendship. This introduction to the special issue argues that adopting alternative frameworks of enquiry such as friendship can serve to unsettle a priori assumptions about co-ethnic solidarity, and provide alternative epistemological starting points in understanding social networks. In doing so, this research not only contributes to contemporary readings of diverse cities but extends understandings of the routine affective and material labour that urban dwellers regularly undertake. Calling for a focus on informal bonds like friendship, this article suggests that it is within such unexplored spheres that possibilities of care and convivial city living exist.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
André C. Ferreira ◽  
Rita Covas ◽  
Liliana R. Silva ◽  
Sandra C. Esteves ◽  
Inês F. Duarte ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTConstructing and analysing social networks data can be challenging. When designing new studies, researchers are confronted with having to make decisions about how data are collected and networks are constructed, and the answers are not always straightforward. The current lack of guidance on building a social network for a new study system might lead researchers to try several different methods, and risk generating false results arising from multiple hypotheses testing. We suggest an approach for making decisions when developing a network without jeopardising the validity of future hypothesis tests. We argue that choosing the best edge definition for a network can be made using a priori knowledge of the species, and testing hypotheses that are known and independent from those that the network will ultimately be used to evaluate. We illustrate this approach by conducting a pilot study with the aim of identifying how to construct a social network for colonies of cooperatively breeding sociable weavers. We first identified two ways of collecting data using different numbers of feeders and three ways to define associations among birds. We then identified which combination of data collection and association definition maximised (i) the assortment of individuals into ‘breeding groups’ (birds that contribute towards the same nest and maintain cohesion when foraging), and (ii) socially differentiated relationships (more strong and weak relationships than expected by chance). Our approach highlights how existing knowledge about a system can be used to help navigate the myriad of methodological decisions about data collection and network inference.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGeneral guidance on how to analyse social networks has been provided in recent papers. However less attention has been given to system-specific methodological decisions when designing new studies, specifically on how data are collected, and how edge weights are defined from the collected data. This lack of guidance can lead researchers into being less critical about their study design and making arbitrary decisions or trying several different methods driven by a given preferred hypothesis of interest without realising the consequences of such approaches. Here we show that pilot studies combined with a priori knowledge of the study species’ social behaviour can greatly facilitate making methodological decisions. Furthermore, we empirically show that different decisions, even if data are collected under the same context (e.g. foraging), can affect the quality of a network.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papangelis ◽  
Ioanna Lykourentzou ◽  
Vassilis-Javed Khan ◽  
Alan Chamberlain ◽  
Ting Cao ◽  
...  

Studies of identity and location-based social networks (LBSN) have tended to focus on the performative aspects associated with marking one's location. Yet these studies often present this practice as being an a priori aspect of locative media. What is missing from this research is a more granular understanding of how this process develops over time. Accordingly, we focus on the first 6 weeks of 42 users beginning to use an LBSN we designed and named GeoMoments . Through our analysis of our users' activities, we contribute to understanding identity and LBSN in two distinct ways. First, we show how LBSN users develop and perform self-identity over time. Second, we highlight the extent these temporal processes reshape the behaviors of users. Overall, our results illustrate that although a performative use of GeoMoments does evolve, this development does not occur in a vacuum. Rather, it occurs within the dynamic context of everyday life, which is prompted, conditioned, and mediated by the way the affordances of GeoMoments digitally organize and archive past locational traces.


Author(s):  
Lila Luchessi ◽  
Ana Lambrecht

The expansion of social networks worldwide generates the need for their study from an interdisciplinary perspective. In Argentina, the use of digital social networks led state agencies to share public and management information through them, becoming increasingly present in these new platforms. The advantages that are visualized on their uses seem to be clear and multiple. However, the actions that are carried out in them involve certain legal conflicts, which a priori may go against principles applicable to the Argentina Public Administration and of the countries that legally protect the data of their citizens. It is proposed to carry out an analysis from a legal-communicational approach that refers specifically to analyzing the use of social networks in the state with respect to compliance with the regulations regarding the protection of personal data as opposed to the expressive right and regarding the obligation of the state as guarantor of the protection of personal data.


1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan P. Mullan ◽  
Chun-Hao Li ◽  
Rita S. Gallin ◽  
Bernard Gallin

In this paper we examine internal migration in Taiwan in the 1960s when rural economic conditions were volatile, the shift from agriculture to non-farm employment was gaining momentum, and the government's policy of industrialization through export was adopted. Migration is seen as one component of households' survival/adaptation strategy and accessibility to land, participation in local wage labor markets, and access to migrants' social networks are the mechanisms through which households determine and deploy their migration strategies. Our empirical analyzes are consistent with our a priori theoretical expectations that household access to land, participation in the local wage labor force, and access to migrants' social networks directly influenced how families in Taiwan deployed migration as a household survival strategy.


Author(s):  
D. E. Luzzi ◽  
L. D. Marks ◽  
M. I. Buckett

As the HREM becomes increasingly used for the study of dynamic localized phenomena, the development of techniques to recover the desired information from a real image is important. Often, the important features are not strongly scattering in comparison to the matrix material in addition to being masked by statistical and amorphous noise. The desired information will usually involve the accurate knowledge of the position and intensity of the contrast. In order to decipher the desired information from a complex image, cross-correlation (xcf) techniques can be utilized. Unlike other image processing methods which rely on data massaging (e.g. high/low pass filtering or Fourier filtering), the cross-correlation method is a rigorous data reduction technique with no a priori assumptions.We have examined basic cross-correlation procedures using images of discrete gaussian peaks and have developed an iterative procedure to greatly enhance the capabilities of these techniques when the contrast from the peaks overlap.


Author(s):  
H.S. von Harrach ◽  
D.E. Jesson ◽  
S.J. Pennycook

Phase contrast TEM has been the leading technique for high resolution imaging of materials for many years, whilst STEM has been the principal method for high-resolution microanalysis. However, it was demonstrated many years ago that low angle dark-field STEM imaging is a priori capable of almost 50% higher point resolution than coherent bright-field imaging (i.e. phase contrast TEM or STEM). This advantage was not exploited until Pennycook developed the high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) technique which can provide an incoherent image showing both high image resolution and atomic number contrast.This paper describes the design and first results of a 300kV field-emission STEM (VG Microscopes HB603U) which has improved ADF STEM image resolution towards the 1 angstrom target. The instrument uses a cold field-emission gun, generating a 300 kV beam of up to 1 μA from an 11-stage accelerator. The beam is focussed on to the specimen by two condensers and a condenser-objective lens with a spherical aberration coefficient of 1.0 mm.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352


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