scholarly journals Review of the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon Analysis as an Adaptation to Climate Change in MAGHREB Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Ouali ◽  
Khalid El Harrouni ◽  
MoulayLarbi Abidi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat

scholarly journals Assessing Health Risk For Community Adaptation In Urban Heat Island Area Of Padang City

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Putri Nilam Sari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Community Adaptation ◽  
Urban Heat

Areas classified as Urban Heat Islands (UHI) have a higher health risk due to climate change. High population activity, increasing population density, and low vegetation cover cause this area to become warmer than its surroundings. From the detection of the spatial pattern, Padang City has nine sub-districts belonging to UHI. In this area, environmental problems often occur due to climate calamities and have an impact on health. Therefore, this study was to determine the classification of public health risks and community adaptation to climate change in urban heat island areas. This research was conducted on 141 households in Koto Tangah sub-district as the large UHI area and highly prone to climate problems. Data collected by questionnaires, observation, and literature study. The risk assessment matrix was used to identify health risk status. The results showed that water pollution, respiratory problems, and diarrheal diseases are classified as high risks. The community needs to adapt to climate change, mainly doing routine physical activities, to increase immunity from many diseases.

scholarly journals Comments about Urban Bioclimate Aspects for Consideration in Urban Climate and Planning Issues in the Era of Climate Change

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Andreas Matzarakis
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Urban Heat

In the era of climate change, before developing and establishing mitigation and adaptation measures that counteract urban heat island (UHI) effects [...]

scholarly journals A System Dynamics Model to Facilitate the Development of Policy for Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Robert Dare
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Related Mortality

This article presents a customized system dynamics model to facilitate the informed development of policy for urban heat island mitigation within the context of future climate change, and with special emphasis on the reduction of heat-related mortality. The model incorporates a variety of components (incl.: the urban heat island effect; population dynamics; climate change impacts on temperature; and heat-related mortality) and is intended to provide urban planning and related professionals with: a facilitated means of understanding the risk of heat-related mortality within the urban heat island; and location-specific information to support the development of reasoned and targeted urban heat island mitigation policy.

scholarly journals Solar Irradiance Reduction Using Optimized Green Infrastructure in Arid Hot Regions: A Case Study in El-Nozha District, Cairo, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesam M. Elbardisy ◽  
Mohamed A. Salheen ◽  
Mohammed Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Urban Climatology ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, studies focused on the relationship between urban planning practice and climatology are still lacking, despite the fact that the latter has nearly three decades of literature in the region and the former has much more. However, such an unfounded relationship that would consider urban sustainability measures is a serious challenge, especially considering the effects of climate change. The Greater Cairo Region (GCR) has recently witnessed numerous serious urban vehicular network re-development, leaving the city less green and in need of strategically re-thinking the plan regarding, and the role of, green infrastructure. Therefore, this study focuses on approaches to the optimization of the urban green infrastructure, in order to reduce solar irradiance in the city and, thus, its effects on the urban climatology. This is carried out by studying one of the East Cairo neighborhoods, named El-Nozha district, as a representative case of the most impacted neighborhoods. In an attempt to quantify these effects, using parametric simulation, the Air Temperature (Ta), Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt), Relative Humidity (RH), and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) parameters were calculated before and after introducing urban trees, acting as green infrastructure types that mitigate climate change and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Our results indicate that an optimized percentage, spacing, location, and arrangement of urban tree canopies can reduce the irradiance flux at the ground surface, having positive implications in terms of mitigating the urban heat island effect.

scholarly journals Influence of Urban Scale and Urban Expansion on the Urban Heat Island Effect in Metropolitan Areas: Case Study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxing Chen ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Maogui Hu ◽  
Yaliu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Relationship

Global large-scale urbanization has a deep impact on climate change and has brought great challenges to sustainable development, especially in urban agglomerations. At present, there is still a lack of research on the quantitative assessment of the relationship between urban scale and urban expansion and the degree of the urban heat island (UHI) effect, as well as a discussion on mitigation and adaptation of the UHI effect from the perspective of planning. This paper analyzes the regional urbanization process, average surface temperature variation characteristics, surface urban heat island (SUHI), which reflects the intensity of UHI, and the relationship between urban expansion, urban scale, and the UHI in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration using multi-source analysis of data from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The results show that the UHI effect in the study area was significant. The average surface temperature of central areas was the highest, and decreased from central areas to suburbs in the order of central areas > expanding areas > rural residential areas. From the perspective of spatial distribution, in Beijing, the southern part of the study area, the junction of Tianjin, Langfang, and Cangzhou are areas with intense SUHI. The scale and pace of expansion of urban land in Beijing were more than in other cities, the influencing range of SUHI in Beijing increased obviously, and the SUHI of central areas was most intense. The results indicate that due to the larger urban scale of the BTH urban agglomeration, it will face a greater UHI effect. The UHI effect was also more significant in areas of dense distribution in cities within the urban agglomeration. Based on results and existing research, planning suggestions are proposed for central areas with regard to expanding urban areas and suburbs to alleviate the urban heat island effect and improve the resilience of cities to climate change.

scholarly journals Integrating Urban Form, Function, and Energy Fluxes in a Heat Exposure Indicator in View of Intra-Urban Heat Island Assessment and Climate Change Adaptation

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Agathangelidis ◽  
Constantinos Cartalis ◽  
Mat Santamouris
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat Flux ◽  
Urban Heat

Cities worldwide are getting warmer due to the combined effects of urban heat and climate change. To this end, local policy makers need to identify the most thermally vulnerable areas within cities. The Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme highlights local-scale variations; however, its classes, although highly valuable, are to a certain extent generalized in order to be universally applicable. High spatial resolution indicators have the potential to better reflect city-specific challenges; in this paper, the Urban Heat Exposure (UHeatEx) indicator is developed, integrating the physical processes that drive the urban heat island (UHI). In particular, the urban form is modeled using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques, and used to estimate the canyon aspect ratio and the storage heat flux. The Bowen ratio is calculated using the aerodynamic resistance methodology and downscaled remotely sensed surface temperatures. The anthropogenic heat flux is estimated via a synergy of top–down and bottom–up inventory approaches. UHeatEx is applied to the city of Athens, Greece; it is correlated to air temperature measurements and compared to the LCZs classification. The results reveal that UHeatEx has the capacity to better reflect the strong intra-urban variability of the thermal environment in Athens, and thus can be supportive for adaptation responses. High-resolution climate projections from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble for the region show that the adverse effects of the existing thermal inequity are expected to worsen in the coming decades.

scholarly journals LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES – THE STATE OF THE ART

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Akbari ◽  
Constantinos Cartalis ◽  
Denia Kolokotsa ◽  
Alberto Muscio ◽  
Anna Laura Pisello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Mitigation Techniques

Increase of the ambient air temperature in cities caused by the urban heat island phenomenon has a seri- ous impact on the economic and social system of cities. to counterbalance the consequences of the increased urban temperatures important research has been carried out resulting in the development of efficient mitigation technologies. the present paper aims to present the state of the art in terms of local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques. In particular, developments in the field on highly reflective materials, cool and green roofs, cool pavements, urban green and of other mitigation technologies are presented in detail, while examples of implemented projects are given.

The role of climate information for the urban transition towards sustainability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaby Langendijk ◽  
Diana Rechid ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Urban Heat

<p>Urban areas are prone to climate change impacts. A transition towards sustainable urban systems is relying heavily on useful, evidence-based climate information on urban scales. </p><p>However, many of the urban climate models and regional climate models are currently either not scale compliant for cities, or do not cover essential parameters and/or urban-rural interactions under climate change conditions. Furthermore, although e.g. the urban heat island may be better understood, other phenomena, such as moisture change, are little researched. Our research shows the potential of regional climate models, within the EURO-CORDEX framework, to provide climate information on urban scales for 11km and 3km grid size. The city of Berlin is taken as a case-study. The results show that the regional climate models simulate a difference between Berlin and its surroundings for temperature and humidity related variables. There is an increasing urban dry island in Berlin towards the end of the century, as well as an increasing urban heat island. The study shows the potential of regional climate models to provide climate change information on urban scales.</p><p>For climate information to underpin the urban transition this information will need to be put in a decision-making context. As an example, the research aims to understand connections to the health sector on how to integrate the information in order to manage e.g. the dispersion of pollen in cities, assisting in mitigating pollen allergies. The research showcases an interdisciplinary way forward to firstly produce climate information on urban scales and secondly how to connect it to city sectors in a suitable manner to underpin the transition to sustainable urban systems. </p><p> </p>

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