scholarly journals Investigation of Characteristics landfill leachate using Large Scale Lysimeter under Anaerobic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esraa Shehab Q ◽  
◽  
Zainab Mohammed, B ◽  
Mohammed Fattah Y ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Complex Mechanisms ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Landfill behavior is dependent on the composition and characteristics of the region’s municipal solid waste (MSW) and environment conditions. In landfills that are difficult to understand, MSW undergoes several complex mechanisms such as physical, chemical, thermal and biological processes throughout its lifespan. In the present research, by setting up an anaerobic reactor, an attempt was made to understand such complex processes. The reactor was monitored for a total of 270 days under laboratory conditions, and the results obtained from the experimental program are presented and discussed in this paper. The program involves the monitoring by laboratory experiments of moisture content, pH, temperature, as well as physic-chemical characteristics of the leachate samples. The pH values observed were in the 5.8-7.9 range and indicate the achievement of the optimal condition for MSW degradation. MSW’s average volumetric moisture content and temperature were 53.03% percent and 30.7 Crespectively, indicating favorable conditions for microorganism growth. The results described in this paper could potentially be used in landfills to predict MSW behavior. The research also allows planners and engineers to consider the complex mechanisms for planning and running landfills efficiently for sustainable waste management.

Lessons learned from injection into sedimentary geothermal aquifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Brehme ◽  
Abel Marko ◽  
Santiago Aldaz ◽  
Guido Blöcher ◽  
Ernst Huenges
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sustainable Operation ◽  
Aquifer Properties ◽  
Flow Pathways

<p>Reasons for injectivity decline were investigated at different geothermal sites in Europe. Due to low injectivities, production rates have to be reduced and the site faces negative commercial implications. In addition to historical operation data, fluid and rock samples were investigated in the laboratory. Analysis and experiments focus on physical, chemical and biological processes and their interaction. Results show different processes being responsible for injection-triggered occlusion of flow pathways, e.g. fines migration, precipitation, micro-biological activity, aquifer properties, corrosion or O<sub>2</sub> inflow.</p><p>Lessons learned will be shown, from preparation of large-scale projects, from monitoring programmes towards sustainable operation.</p><p>Activities are taking place in the frame of the DESTRESS project. The DESTRESS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 691728.</p>

Theoretical sources of the Great White Brotherhood

1997 ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
Valeriy Grynko
Keyword(s):  
Complex Processes ◽  
Local Origin ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Complex processes that accompany the formation and development of Ukrainian statehood have created favorable conditions for the spread of neo-religious churches, currents and trends. Most of them are mentally rooted, are spread predominantly owing to the activity of foreign missionaries. Therefore, given the local origin and social resonance, the Great White Brotherhood's phenomenon, whose propagation of faith was carried out and had some success in most of the post-Soviet countries, needs special attention.

Calibration 7" – Cutthroat Flume as New Size for Discharge Measurement at Free Flow Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1783-1789
Author(s):  
Jaafar S. Matooq ◽  
Muna J. Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Condition ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Steady State Flow ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
State Flow ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Throat Width

 This paper aims to conduct a series of laboratory experiments in case of steady-state flow for the new size 7 ̋ throat width (not presented before) of the cutthroat flume. For this size, five different lengths were adopted 0.535, 0.46, 0.40, 0.325 and 0.27m these lengths were adopted based on the limitations of the available flume. The experimental program has been followed to investigate the hydraulic characteristic and introducing the calibrated formula for free flow application within the discharge ranged between 0.006 and 0.025 m3/s. The calibration result showed that, under suitable operation conditions, the suggested empirical formulas can accurately predict the values of discharge within an error ± 3%.

scholarly journals Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Alluvial Soils in Riparian Forests after River Regulation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Dorota Kawalko ◽  
Paweł Jezierski ◽  
Cezary Kabala
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Quantitative Alteration ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The elimination of flooding and lowering of the groundwater table after large-scale river regulation allow deep penetration of soils by plant roots, soil fauna, and microorganisms, thus creating favorable conditions for advanced pedogenesis. Although the changes of the morphology and properties of agriculturally used drained alluvial soils in Central Europe have been well characterized, studies in riparian forests remain insufficient. An analysis of 21 profiles of forest soils located on the Holocene river terrace (a floodplain before river regulation and embankment) in SW Poland confirmed a noticeable pedogenic transformation of soil morphology and properties resulting from river regulation. Gleyic properties were in most profiles replaced with stagnic properties, testifying to a transition from dominant groundwater supply to precipitation-water supply. The development of a diagnostic mollic and cambic horizons, correlated with the shift in soil classification from Fluvisols to Phaeozems, and in the majority, to Cambisols, demonstrated a substantial change in habitat conditions. The transformation of alluvial soils may result in an inevitable modification of forest management in the river valley, including quantitative alteration in species composition of primarily riparian forests.

Schutzbehandlung von Beton mit Silan- und Siloxanpräparaten / Protective Treatment of Concrete with Silane or Siloxane

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
B. Nyman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Protective Treatment

Abstract By means of laboratory experiments it is shown that the penetration depth of a treatment of concrete with Silane depends strongly on the duration of suction and on the moisture content of the concrete. The necessary duration of suction can be estimated for any required penetration depth.

Controlling chemical dosing for sulfide mitigation in sewer networks using a hybrid automata control strategy

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2584-2590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqi Liu ◽  
Ramon Ganigué ◽  
Keshab Sharma ◽  
Zhiguo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Hybrid Automata ◽  
Sewer Pipe ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Sewer Networks

Chemicals such as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and iron salts are widely used to control sulfide-induced corrosion in sewer networks composed of interconnected sewer pipe lines and pumping stations. Chemical dosing control is usually non-automatic and based on experience, thus often resulting in sewage reaching the discharge point receiving inadequate or even no chemical dosing. Moreover, intermittent operation of pumping stations makes traditional control theory inadequate. A hybrid automata-based (HA-based) control method is proposed in this paper to coordinate sewage pumping station operations by considering their states, thereby ensuring suitable chemical concentrations in the network discharge. The performance of the proposed control method was validated through a simulation study of a real sewer network using real sewage flow data. The physical, chemical and biological processes were simulated using the well-established SeweX model. The results suggested that the HA-based control strategy significantly improved chemical dosing control performance and sulfide mitigation in sewer networks, compared to the current common practice.

Large scale gene regulatory network inference with a multi-level strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 588-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Xiaodong Zhao ◽  
Zongli Lin ◽  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Gene Regulatory Network Inference ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Gene Regulatory

Transcriptional regulation is a basis of many crucial molecular processes and an accurate inference of the gene regulatory network is a helpful and essential task to understand cell functions and gain insights into biological processes of interest in systems biology.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Laboratory Experiments on Mussel Dropper Lines in Ocean Surface Waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Rebekka Gieschen ◽  
Christian Schwartpaul ◽  
Jannis Landmann ◽  
Lukas Fröhling ◽  
Arndt Hildebrandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Ocean Surface Waves ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Waves And Currents

The rapid growth of marine aquaculture around the world accentuates issues of sustainability and environmental impacts of large-scale farming systems. One potential mitigation strategy is to relocate to more energetic offshore locations. However, research regarding the forces which waves and currents impose on aquaculture structures in such conditions is still scarce. The present study aimed at extending the knowledge related to live blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), cultivated on dropper lines, by unique, large-scale laboratory experiments in the Large Wave Flume of the Coastal Research Center in Hannover, Germany. Nine-months-old live dropper lines and a surrogate of 2.0 m length each are exposed to regular waves with wave heights between 0.2 and 1.0 m and periods between 1.5 and 8.0 s. Force time histories are recorded to investigate the inertia and drag characteristics of live mussel and surrogate dropper lines. The surrogate dropper line was developed from 3D scans of blue mussel dropper lines, using the surface descriptor Abbott–Firestone Curve as quality parameter. Pull-off tests of individual mussels are conducted that reveal maximum attachment strength ranges of 0.48 to 10.55 N for mussels that had medium 3.04 cm length, 1.60 cm height and 1.25 cm width. Mean drag coefficients of CD = 3.9 were found for live blue mussel lines and CD = 3.4 for the surrogate model, for conditions of Keulegan–Carpenter number (KC) 10 to 380, using regular wave tests.

Rescaling Biology: Increasing Integration Across Biological Scales and Subdisciplines to Enhance Understanding and Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette St. Mary ◽  
Thomas H Q Powell ◽  
John S Kominoski ◽  
Emily Weinert
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Genomic Variation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Explicit Integration ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
Vast Range

Synopsis The organization of the living world covers a vast range of spatiotemporal scales, from molecules to the biosphere, seconds to centuries. Biologists working within specialized subdisciplines tend to focus on different ranges of scales. Therefore, developing frameworks that enable testing questions and predictions of scaling requires sufficient understanding of complex processes across biological subdisciplines and spatiotemporal scales. Frameworks that enable scaling across subdisciplines would ideally allow us to test hypotheses about the degree to which explicit integration across spatiotemporal scales is needed for predicting the outcome of biological processes. For instance, how does genomic variation within populations allow us to explain community structure? How do the dynamics of cellular metabolism translate to our understanding of whole-ecosystem metabolism? Do patterns and processes operate seamlessly across biological scales, or are there fundamental laws of biological scaling that limit our ability to make predictions from one scale to another? Similarly, can sub-organismal structures and processes be sufficiently understood in isolation of potential feedbacks from the population, community, or ecosystem levels? And can we infer the sub-organismal processes from data on the population, community, or ecosystem scale? Concerted efforts to develop more cross-disciplinary frameworks will open doors to a more fully integrated field of biology. In this paper, we discuss how we might integrate across scales, specifically by (1) identifying scales and boundaries, (2) determining analogous units and processes across scales, (3) developing frameworks to unite multiple scales, and (4) extending frameworks to new empirical systems.

Dehydration-induced proteomic landscape of mitochondria in chickpea reveals large-scale coordination of key biological processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Gayen ◽  
Saurabh Gayali ◽  
Pragya Barua ◽  
Nilesh Vikram Lande ◽  
Swati Varshney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Processes
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