scholarly journals Cryptography based Internet Security ATM System using Fingerprint for securing PIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 369-380
Author(s):  
Richa Agrawal ◽  
◽  
Dr. Brajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Dr. Lavkush Sharma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Internet Security ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Fingerprint Image ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Fuzzy Vault ◽  
Cryptographic System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Main Component

Today, ATMs (automated teller machines) are used in a variety of ways, including: you can withdraw cash, transfer cash, check your balance, get an account summary, and more. The main component here is security, to maintain the security we prefer cryptography and biometrics. Cryptography is a state- of-the-art technique for increasing security. Using cryptography and biometrics together creates a bio cryptographic system. Since the private key is an important component of encryption, here one is the main task to secure the private [1] key. To overcome this issue, we use a biometric fingerprint image. However, biometrics cannot protect anyone’s fingerprint template because of the many suspected attacks. Therefore, we use a fuzzy vault system that combines cryptography [2] and biometrics [4] to ensure that only authorized users can use their passwords and PINs with the legal data. Keywords: Biometrics, Cryptography, Fuzzy vault system, IP security, Java Applets.

scholarly journals Designing of Nanomaterials-Based Enzymatic Biosensors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-184
Author(s):  
Francisco T. T. Cavalcante ◽  
Italo R. R. de A. Falcão ◽  
José E. da S. Souza ◽  
Thales G. Rocha ◽  
Isamayra G. de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Signal Response ◽  
Enzymatic Biosensors ◽  
The Many ◽  
Biological Entities

Among the many biological entities employed in the development of biosensors, enzymes have attracted the most attention. Nanotechnology has been fostering excellent prospects in the development of enzymatic biosensors, since enzyme immobilization onto conductive nanostructures can improve characteristics that are crucial in biosensor transduction, such as surface-to-volume ratio, signal response, selectivity, sensitivity, conductivity, and biocatalytic activity, among others. These and other advantages of nanomaterial-based enzymatic biosensors are discussed in this work via the compilation of several reports on their applications in different industrial segments. To provide detailed insights into the state of the art of this technology, all the relevant concepts around the topic are discussed, including the properties of enzymes, the mechanisms involved in their immobilization, and the application of different enzyme-derived biosensors and nanomaterials. Finally, there is a discussion around the pressing challenges in this technology, which will be useful for guiding the development of future research in the area.

Abstract 530: Decreased NSF S-Nitrosylation in the Aorta and an Age-Dependent Endothelial Activation in Mice with Fabry Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin J Kang ◽  
Liming Shu ◽  
Karl C Desch ◽  
Peter F Bodary ◽  
James A Shayman
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Agarose Beads ◽  
Endothelial Inflammation ◽  
Enos Uncoupling ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Many ◽  
Main Component

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by loss of activity of the enzyme, α-galactosidase A (GLA). The loss of GLA function leads to an age-dependent accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in endothelial cells. Endothelial Gb3 accumulation is associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. We hypothesized that GLA deficiency promotes endothelial inflammation. von Willebrand factor (VWF) is the main component of Weibel Palade bodies (WPB) and is secreted upon endothelial inflammation. We observed significantly elevated plasma VWF in GLA null mice (FA) compared to age-matched Wild-Type mice (WT) (p=0.046 at 2 months and p<0.001 at 5 and 17 months), indicating increased endothelial inflammation in FA. Out of the many proteins that regulate WPB exocytosis, N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) is a critical mediator of the exocytic machinery and a major target of NO. NO can reversibly modify NSF cysteine residues via a process called S-nitrosylation (SNO), leading to decreased WPB exocytosis. To evaluate whether GLA deficiency promotes a decrease in SNO-NSF, nitrosylated cysteines of aortic homogenates from male WT and FA were first labeled with biotin through a biotin switch assay. Next, biotinylated proteins were isolated with streptavidin-agarose beads. We observed an approximately 60% decrease in the level of SNO-NSF in the aorta of FA compared to that of WT by Western blot (WT vs. Fabry: 1.0±0.03 vs. 0.4±0.11, p=0.002, n=4-5/group) whereas total protein expression of NSF and GAPDH were not different between groups. The level of thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) was significantly elevated in FA compared to WT (WT vs. Fabry: 1.0±0.05 vs. 1.4±0.14, p=0.01, n=6-9/group), suggesting high levels of reactive oxygen species and protein denitrosylase activity in Fabry disease. In conclusion, these results provide evidence of endothelial activation in Fabry disease. GLA deficiency resulted in decreased SNO-NSF and increased TRX-1 in parallel with the robust elevation of VWF. Future study is required for further understanding of the mechanistic links between these observations, and to determine whether this is a reversible phenomenon in the setting of Fabry disease.

Understanding Requirement Engineering Practices

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Saeed ◽  
Ashi Iram ◽  
Kiran Nazeer ◽  
Tayyaba Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Software Engineering ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Software Process ◽  
Requirement Engineering ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Main Task ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Engineering Practices

Requirement engineering is a main task in software process. In Software Engineering literature, many best practices and guidelines are present to construct quality software. However, adoption of such uniform guidelines is not in practice across the globe. In this chapter, the authors discuss requirement engineering practices followed in Pakistani small- and medium-scale enterprises. In order to understand work practices the authors conducted a survey and analyzed the responses. They found that cost and budgeting is one of the major issues of Pakistani industry: higher management is not willing to invest to adopt state-of-the-art standardized practices. This situation can be improved by enhancing public private partnerships to get desired quality software in the local IT industry.

Testing Graphical User Interfaces

2011 ◽  
pp. 3739-3744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymie Strecker ◽  
Atif M. Memon
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Graphical User Interfaces ◽  
The State ◽  
Regression Testing ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Test Oracles ◽  
Gui Testing ◽  
The Many ◽  
Technological World

This chapter describes the state of the art in testing GUI-based software. Traditionally, GUI testing has been performed manually or semimanually, with the aid of capture- replay tools. Since this process may be too slow and ineffective to meet the demands of today’s developers and users, recent research in GUI testing has pushed toward automation. Model-based approaches are being used to generate and execute test cases, implement test oracles, and perform regression testing of GUIs automatically. This chapter shows how research to date has addressed the difficulties of testing GUIs in today’s rapidly evolving technological world, and it points to the many challenges that lie ahead.

scholarly journals Role of Piezoelectric Elements in Finding the Mechanical Properties of Solid Industrial Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshed Mohammed ◽  
Sallehuddin Haris ◽  
Mohd Nuawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Piezoelectric Elements ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Many

Recent developments in ultrasonic material testing have increased the need to evaluate the current status of the different applications of piezoelectric elements (PEs). This research have reviewed state-of-the-art emerging new technology and the role of PEs in tests for a number of mechanical properties, such as creep, fracture toughness, hardness, and impact toughness, among others. In this field, importance is given to the following variables, namely, (a) values of the natural frequency to PEs, (b) type and dimensions of specimens, and (c) purpose of the tests. All these variables are listed in three tables to illustrate the nature of their differences in these kinds of tests. Furthermore, recent achievements in this field are emphasized in addition to the many important studies that highlight the role of PEs.

scholarly journals State of the Art and Limitations of Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
The Many

Abstract Consequential to the implementation of European Commission (EC) Regulation 1139/98, EC Regulation 49/2000, and EC Regulation 50/2000 has been the need to measure accurately the levels of the genetically modified (GM) species Roundup Ready Soya and Bt 176 Maize that are present in food. Analytical methods to detect and quantitate these transgenic species have received much attention particularly with respect to the deminimus threshold of 1% for their presence in materials derived from non-GM identity-preserved (IP) supplies. The relative advantages and limitations of threshold analysis by double-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR are discussed in their application to the quantitative analysis of processed foods. Consideration is also given to other factors involved in the analyses that affect the performance of quantitative procedures, and to the many uncertainties involved in the precision of a reported analytical result.

scholarly journals A spectroscopic census of the Fornax cluster and beyond: preparing for next generation surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 490 (2) ◽  
pp. 1666-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Maddox ◽  
Paolo Serra ◽  
Aku Venhola ◽  
Reynier Peletier ◽  
Ilani Loubser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Large Cluster ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fornax Cluster

ABSTRACT The Fornax cluster is the nearest large cluster in the southern sky, and is currently experiencing active assembly of mass. It is thus the target of a number of ongoing observing campaigns at optical, near-infrared, and radio wavelengths, using state-of-the-art facilities in the Southern hemisphere. Spectroscopic redshifts are essential not only for determining cluster membership, but also kinematics within the cluster and identifying substructures. We present a compilation of all available major spectroscopic campaigns undertaken within the Fornax region, including new and previously unpublished spectroscopy. This provides not only a comprehensive census of Fornax cluster membership as a resource for the many ongoing studies of this dynamic system, but also probes the large-scale structure in the background volume.

The Possibility of Soaring in Horizontal Wind

1898 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
L. Hargrave
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

There is a publication called the “Aeronautical Annual,” edited by James Means, Boston, Mass. In No. ‘Z and 3 of that work, Mr. Octave Chanute goes exhaustively into the question of sailing flight, and specifies every letter and article that bears on the subject. This paper may be said to take up the running where Mr. Chanute leaves off. My reasons for not writing to that periodical straight, are that publication would be delayed for many months; and the state of the art is such that at any moment some one of the many who are investigating this subject may drop on the facts stated in this paper, take out a master patent which would rule the construction of all future flying machines, and tax us all round for our good, as the protectionists say, thus throwing our work back for years. I therefore, with your permission, read this paper, and show the models that work as I describe, and thereby destroy the novelty of the invention for all time.

scholarly journals The Nature of Corruption: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Dimant ◽  
Thorben Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
The Many ◽  
Corrupt Behavior ◽  
Shed Light

In response to the many facets of corruption, many scholars have produced interdisciplinary research from both the theoretical and empirical perspective. This paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of existing literature on corruption, utilizing these interdisciplinary insights. Specifically, we shed light on corruption research including insights from, among others, the fields of economics, psychology, and criminology. Our systematic discussion of the antecedents and effects of corruption at the micro, meso, and macro level allows us to capture the big picture of not only what drives corrupt behavior, but also its substantial ramifications.

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