scholarly journals A review on Spray pyrolysis deposited CZTS thin films for solar cell applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1196-1206
Author(s):  
C.S.A. Raj ◽  
◽  
S. Sebastian ◽  
Susai Rajendran ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
Czts Thin Films

Cu2ZnSnS4 generally abridged as CZTS is a potential material for economical thin film solar cells, due to its appropriate band gap energy of around 1.5 eV and great absorption coefficient of above 104 cm-1. All the constituents of this material are plentiful in the earth’s crust, and they are non-hazardous making it an elegant alternative. Subsequent to the early achievement of the CZTS based solar cell with its light to electrical conversion efficiency of 0.6%, significant advancement in this research area has been attained, particularly in the last seven years. Currently, the conversion effectiveness of the CZTS thin film solar cell has enhanced to 24%. More than 500 papers on CZTS have been available and the greater part of these converses the preparation of CZTS thin films by diverse methods. Until now, many physical and chemical methods have been engaged for preparing CZTS thin films. Amongst them, spray pyrolysis is a flexible deposition technique. Spray pyrolysis is a simple deposition technique that finds use in widespread areas of thin film deposition research. This method is appropriate for depositing good quality films with low cost, clean deposition, and simplicity and flexibility in the manufacturing design. This script, reviews the synthesis of CZTS semiconductor thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis. This analysis initiates with a portrayal of the spray pyrolysis system, and then establish the CZTS and preparation of the CZTS precursor for coating. A review of spray pyrolysis of CZTS thin films are discussed in detail. To conclude, we present perspectives for advancements in spray pyrolysis for a CZTS based solar cell absorber layer.

Spray Pyrolysis Thin Film Deposition Technique for Micro-Sensors and Devices

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-202
Author(s):  
Monoj Kumar Singha ◽  
Vineet Rojwal
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Deposition Technique ◽  
Uv Photodetector ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Deposition ◽  
Deposition Techniques

Thin film is used for sensing and electronic devices applications. Various techniques are used for thin film deposition. This chapter presents the Spray pyrolysis deposition technique used for the growth of thin films sensing and device material. Spray pyrolysis is an inexpensive method to grow good crystalline thin film compared to other thin film deposition techniques. The chapter gives an overview of the spray process used for thin film deposition. Basic setup for this process is explained. Parameters affecting the deposition process is explained, as are the various spray methods. Finally, some examples of spray pyrolysis in different applications like a gas sensor, UV photodetector, solar cell, photocatalysis, and supercapacitor are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Annealing Time of TiO2 Thin Film Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Deposition Method for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 647-651
Author(s):  
Noor Sakinah Khalid ◽  
Siti Harwani Ishak ◽  
Mohd Khairul Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Annealing Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
Glass Substrates

Titanium oxide (TiO2) thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by spray pyrolysis method. The thin films were deposited at three different annealing time; 1, 5 and 10 hours at 400°C. The structural and electrical properties were characterized using FESEM and I-V characteristic. Polycrystalline thin film with anatase crystal structure, as evidenced from X-ray diffraction pattern, was obtained with major reflection along (101). Electrical properties have been studied by means of electrical resistivity. The dark resistivity had been measured as a function of the film thickness, d. The resistivity of samples had been found to decrease with decreasing thickness. Thus, TiO2 is one of the most promising candidates for relatively low cost, simple manufacture for solar cell.

Characterization of CIGS Thin Films Fabricated from Nanoparticles under Selenization Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
Hadi Zarei ◽  
Rasoul Malekfar
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
Cigs Nanoparticles

In the present report, the synthesis process of CuInxGa1-xSe2 nanoparticles as an absorption layer in tetraethylene glycol using metallic chloride and Se powder for the purpose of solar cell application. Whole processes were performed under glovebox condition. Nanoparticles sizes were achieved via manipulation of reaction temperature and various precursor concentrations. CuInxGa1-xSe2 or CIGS nanoparticles with diameters in the range of about 20-50 nm were prepared via polyol route and purified through centrifugation and precipitation processes. Then nanoparticles were dispersed to obtain stable inks that could be directly used for thin-film deposition via spin coating. Then, CIGS nanoparticles were coated on soda lime glass for fabrication of inorganic thin film solar cell via spin coating as a film. In those devices, the prepared films yielded relatively dense CuInGaSe2 films with some void spaces. For elimination of the void spaces, the nanocrystals were exposed to selenium vapor atmosphere. Filling the voids with selenium can lead to the fabrication of CIGS absorptive layers having good dense structures and high efficiency. CIGS thin films were characterized by various analytical tools, such as XRD, UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM imaging.

Characterization of Conductive Thin Films Deposited by Ink Jet Printing

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Tsai Cheng Li ◽  
Rwei Ching Chang ◽  
Y.C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Ink Jet Printing ◽  
Thin Film Fabrication ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Conductive Thin Films

With the advantage of simplicity and low cost, ink jet printing has the potential to replace the traditional chemical and physical deposition technology in thin film fabrication. In this work, silver conductive thin films are deposited on glass and polyimide substrates by ink jet printing, where some major characteristics of the printed thin films are investigated and compared to those deposited by sputtering. The micro texture and residual stresses of the thin films are measured with X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Using thin film scratch tester, the adhesion of thin films deposited by both ink jet printing and sputtering is studied. Further observations on electric and optical performance by using visible wavelength photospectrometry, four-point probe, and surface profiler are also discussed. The result shows that the micro texture of the printed thin film behaves as good as the sputtered thin film. Furthermore, the micro scratch result illustrates that the adhesion of the printed thin film is even better than the sputtered thin film. It emphasizes that, after certain baking process, the ink jet printing has the possibility to replace sputtering in thin film deposition, especially for the polymer substrates.

Observations on the growth of YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films on MgO by pulsed-laser ablation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 1068-1069
Author(s):  
M. Grant Norton ◽  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Pulsed Laser Ablation ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Laser Ablation Process ◽  
Deposition Parameters

Pulsed-laser ablation has been widely used to produce high-quality thin films of YBa2Cu3O7-δ on a range of substrate materials. The nonequilibrium nature of the process allows congruent deposition of oxides with complex stoichiometrics. In the high power density regime produced by the UV excimer lasers the ablated species includes a mixture of neutral atoms, molecules and ions. All these species play an important role in thin-film deposition. However, changes in the deposition parameters have been shown to affect the microstructure of thin YBa2Cu3O7-δ films. The formation of metastable configurations is possible because at the low substrate temperatures used, only shortrange rearrangement on the substrate surface can occur. The parameters associated directly with the laser ablation process, those determining the nature of the process, e g. thermal or nonthermal volatilization, have been classified as ‘primary parameters'. Other parameters may also affect the microstructure of the thin film. In this paper, the effects of these ‘secondary parameters' on the microstructure of YBa2Cu3O7-δ films will be discussed. Examples of 'secondary parameters' include the substrate temperature and the oxygen partial pressure during deposition.

Phenethylammonium bismuth halides: from single crystals to bulky-organic cation promoted thin-film deposition for potential optoelectronic applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (36) ◽  
pp. 20733-20741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehri Ghasemi ◽  
Miaoqiang Lyu ◽  
Md Roknuzzaman ◽  
Jung-Ho Yun ◽  
Mengmeng Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Organic Cation ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications ◽  
Excellent Stability

The phenethylammonium cation significantly promotes the formation of fully-covered thin-films of hybrid bismuth organohalides with low surface roughness and excellent stability.

Chemical Bath Deposition of Lead Sulphide (PbS) Thin Film and their Characterization

2013 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip V. Bhatt ◽  
M.P. Deshpande ◽  
Bindiya H. Soni ◽  
Nitya Garg ◽  
Sunil H. Chaki
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Excitation Wavelength ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Phonon Modes ◽  
Lead Sulphide ◽  
X Ray

Thin film deposition of PbS is conveniently carried out by chemical reactions of lead acetate with thiourea at room temperature. Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction patterns (SAED), UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy techniques are used for characterizing thin films. EDAX spectra shows that no impurity is present and XRD pattern indicates face centered cubic structure of PbS thin films. The average crystallite size obtained using XRD is about 15nm calculated using Scherrer’s formula and that determined from Hall-Williamson plot was found to be 18nm. SAED patterns indicate that the deposited PbS thin films are polycrystalline in nature. Blue shift due to quantum confinement was seen from the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra of thin film in comparison with bulk PbS. The Photoluminescence spectra obtained for thin film with different excitation sources shows sharp emission peaks at 395nm and its intensity of photoluminescence increases with increasing the excitation wavelength. Raman spectroscopy of deposited thin film was used to study the optical phonon modes at an excitation wavelength of 488nm using (Ar+) laser beam.

scholarly journals Bias Stress in Organic Thin-Film Transistors Towards Low-Cost Flexible Gas Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
José Enrique Eirez Izquierdo ◽  
José Diogo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Vinicius Augusto Machado Nogueira ◽  
Dennis Cabrera García ◽  
Marco Roberto Cavallari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Dielectric Surface ◽  
Organic Thin Film Transistors ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Organic Thin Film ◽  
Bias Stress

This work is focused on the bias stress (BS) effects in Organic Thin-Film Transistors (OTFTs) from poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT-C14) on both highly-doped Si and glass substrates. While the former had a thermally-grown SiO2 dielectric, the latter demanded an alternative dielectric that should be capable to withstand bottom contact lithography, as well as semiconducting thin-film deposition. In addition, it should represent one more step towards flexible electronics. In order to do that, poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) was blended to poly(melamine-co-formaldehyde) methylated (PMF). OTFTs on glass with a cross-linked polymer dielectric had a charge carrier mobility (μ) of 4.0x10-4 cm2/Vs, threshold voltage (VT) of 18 V, current modulation (ION/OFF) higher than 1x102, and subthreshold slope (SS) of -7.7 V/dec. A negative BS shifted VT towards negative values and produced an increase in ION/OFF. A positive BS, on the other hand, produced the opposite effect only for OTFTs on Si. This is believed to be due to a higher trapping at the PVP:PMF interface with PBTTT-C14. Modeling the device current along time by a stretched exponential provided shorter time constants of ca. 105 s and higher exponents of 0.7–0.9 for devices on glass. Due to the presence of increased BS effects, the application of organic TFTs based on PVP:PMF as flexible sensors will require compensating circuits, lower voltages or less measurements in time. Alternatively, BS effects could be reduced by a dielectric surface treatment.

Optimization of Electrodeposition Time on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films for Thin Film Solar Cell Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir Shafi ◽  
Amal Bouich ◽  
Laiq Khan ◽  
Hanif Ullah ◽  
Julia Mari Guaita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cell ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Czts Thin Films

Abstract Electrochemical deposition was used to create a quaternary CZTS (Cu2ZnSnS4) kesterite thin layer. An aqueous solution of CZTS was used to deposit a thin layer over Indium Tin Oxide. The effects of deposition time (variation) on CZTS thin films under ambient conditions were investigated in this study. Several available characterization systems were used to study the samples as they were produced. The polycrystalline description of the layer is inveterate by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The SEM as well as AFM study show that deposition time improved surface morphology and topography of CZTS thin films which increase several nm in grain size. Furthermore, depending upon the deposition duration, the optical study reveals an acceptable bandgap in a range of 1.44 to 1.71 eV. Characteristics of high-quality CZTS absorber layers for solar cell applications are discovered to be affected by deposition time variation. To check the effect of this bandgap variation (1.44 to 1.71 eV) on the performance of a CZTS based thin film solar cell, a simulation software SCAPS-1D is being used.

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