Chemical Profiling, Larvicidal Activity and Antihemolytic Property of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 945-958
Author(s):  
Durgadevi P ◽  
◽  
Sumathi P ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Health Organization

Essential oils are plant derived concentrates of the secondary metabolites responsible for the aromatic flavor attributing to its various medicinal properties. Fresh Allium sativum (A. sativum) and Allium cepa (A. cepa) were subjected to steam distillation for isolation of essential oil characterized by performing Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Chromatogram of the essential oil depicted the presence diallyl sulfide (5.35%), 2-(2’-carbamoylphenoxy)-butanoic acid (2.64%), 2-ethyl-5-methylthiophene (0.42%), diallyl disulphide (18.76%), 3-(2-thia-4-pentenyl)-1-thia-cyclohex-5-ene (1.09%) and dimethyl tetrasulphide (0.15%), 2,4-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one (47.91%), 2,4-Thiazolidinedione (0.01%), 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-1,3-dinitrobenzene (5.93%), 6-Methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (47.91%) in A. sativum and A.cepa respectively. Larvicidal activity against third instar larvae of Anopheles stephensi (A. Stephensi) was assessed by following the standard protocol of World Health Organization. The 50% lethality (LC50) of A. stephensi larvae was observed at 265.96 ± 1.88 ppm and 357.14 ± 2.36 ppm of A. sativum and A. cepa essential oil correspondingly. The mortality rate of the larvae was both time and dose dependent. Besides, the in vitro antihemolytic activity of the essential oil was also assessed using Sheep erythrocytes. The erythrocyte lysis was inhibited by the essential oils of both A. sativum and A. cepa in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 of 427.35 ± 1.23 μl and 549.45 ± 1.38 μl respectively. On a comparative assessment between the essential oils of A. sativum and A. cepa, the former exhibited better larvicidal activity against the disease-causing vector, A. stephensi. Still, both could serve as potent insecticidal agents after further identification of the responsible chemical compound and its mode of action.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of the Leaves and Stem Essential Oils ofJatropha gossypifoliaL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Okoh ◽  
Benson C. Iweriebor ◽  
Omobola O. Okoh ◽  
Uchechukwu U. Nwodo ◽  
Anthony I. Okoh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the leaves and stem essential oils (EOs) ofJatropha gossypifoliaand their efficacies against infectious and oxidative stress diseases were studiedin vitro. The EOs obtained using Clevenger modified apparatus were characterized by high resolution GC-MS, while their antioxidant and antibacterial properties were examined by spectrophotometric and agar diffusion techniques, respectively. The EOs exhibited strong antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coli,Enterococcus faecium,andStaphylococcus aureus. The stem essential oil (SEO) was more active than the leaf essential oil (LEO) against test bacteria with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.025 to 0.05 mg/mL and the LEO from 0.05 to 0.10 mg/mL. The SEO was bactericidal at 0.025 and 0.05 mg/mL againstS.aureusandE.faecium, respectively, and the LEO was bacteriostatic against the three bacteria at 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. The SEO IC50(0.07 mg/mL) showed that the antiradical strength was superior to LEO (0.32 mg/mL) andβ-carotene (1.62 mg/mL) in scavenging 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH•). The oils effectively reduced three other oxidants to neutral molecules in concentration dependent manner. Findings from this study suggest that, apart from the traditional uses of the plant extracts, the EOs have strong bioactive compounds with noteworthy antibacterial and antiradical properties and may be good candidates in the search for lead compounds for the synthesis of novel potent antibiotics.

Chemical Composition and Combinatory Antifungal Activities of Ammoides verticillata, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa Essential Oils Against Four Fungi Responsible for Tomato Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane Senouci ◽  
Nassira G. Benyelles ◽  
Mohammed E.A. Dib ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
Alain Muselli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata

Background: Tomato is considered a model plant in genetics and is one of the most economically important crops of all those that exist in the world. Several species of fungi are reported on tomato fruit, causing damage both during cultivation and after harvest. Some of the appropriate actions that could be initiated to resolve the problem are to develop and search for new antimicrobial substances isolated from the bioactive natural products, such as essential oils. Aim and Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of Ammoides verticillata, Allium sativum and Curcuma longa, to evaluate their in-vitro antifungal activities and in-vivo antifungal effect of essential oils to prevent the diseases caused by tomato. Materials and Methods: The essential oils obtained from aerial parts of plants were analyzed by GC/MS and tested for their antifungal activities against Penicillium expansum, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata using the radial growth technique method. The effectiveness in-vivo of the association between Allium sativum and Curcuma longa essential oils was also investigated on tomatoes inoculated by fungi. Results: The essential oil from A. verticilata was mainly composed of phenolic compounds (54.4%), the A. sativum oil was mainly composed of sulfur compounds (91.5%) and C. longa oil was dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes (82.0%). The obtained results in-vitro antifungal revealed that individual essential oils of A. verticillata and A. sativum were more active than the essential oil of C. longa against all screened microorganisms. An important antifungal effect of A. sativum and C. longa essential oils blend was obtained against P. expansum (100%), F. solani (95.2%), R. stolonifer (95.1%) and A. alternata (48.5%). Furthermore, A. sativum and C. longa essential oils blends have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of tomato against P. expansum and R. stolonifer. Conclusion: A. sativum and C. longa essential oil blends can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical fungicides to protect stored tomato against many phytopathogens.

scholarly journals Screening for Antiviral Activities of Isolated Compounds from Essential Oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Astani ◽  
Jürgen Reichling ◽  
Paul Schnitzler
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Selectivity Index ◽  
Viral Infectivity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Hsv 1

Essential oil of star anise as well as phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes, for example, trans-anethole, eugenol,β-eudesmol, farnesol,β-caryophyllene andβ-caryophyllene oxide, which are present in many essential oils, were examined for their antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)in vitro. Antiviral activity was analyzed by plaque reduction assays and mode of antiviral action was determined by addition of the drugs to uninfected cells, to the virus prior to infection or to herpesvirus-infected cells. Star anise oil reduced viral infectivity by >99%, phenylpropanoids inhibited HSV infectivity by about 60–80% and sesquiterpenes suppressed herpes virus infection by 40–98%. Both, star anise essential oil and all isolated compounds exhibited anti-HSV-1 activity by direct inactivation of free virus particles in viral suspension assays. All tested drugs interacted in a dose-dependent manner with herpesvirus particles, thereby inactivating viral infectivity. Star anise oil, rich in trans-anethole, revealed a high selectivity index of 160 against HSV, whereas among the isolated compounds onlyβ-caryophyllene displayed a high selectivity index of 140. The presence ofβ-caryophyllene in many essential oils might contribute strongly to their antiviral ability. These results indicate that phenylpropanoids and sesquiterpenes present in essential oils contribute to their antiviral activity against HSV.

Uji Aktivitas Antihiperglikemi Secara Invitro Terhadap Fraksi Ekstrak Metanol Bawang Merah Dan Bawang Bombay

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Erlindha Gangga ◽  
Erwin Suyanto
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Health Organization

The number of people with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia recorded by the World Health Organization in 2030 expected will reach 21.3 million people. Danger of side effects of synthetic drugs makes people seek alternative medicine solutions. Alternative medicine in question is natural medicine. Shallots(Allium cepa var.ascalonicum (L.) Back),onions(Allium cepa L.) and garlic comes from family Liliaceae, which contains quercetin. Quercetin is found in garlic bulbs can inhibit the action of the enzyme ?-glucosidase in the small intestine of mice . With the inhibition of the enzyme ?-glucosidase cleavage and absorption of carbohydrates will be disrupted. Quercetin has multiple hydroxyl groups in its structure, so that the solubility of quercetin in polar solvents are better such as water, methanol and ethanol. In this study, the methanol extract of shallots and onions partitioned into n-hexane phase, ethyl acetate phase, n-butanol phase and the aqueous phaseonce that is done ?-glucosidase inhibition assay in vitro. The test showed that the methanol extract of onion has IC50 of 13.49 ppm , methanol extracts of onion has IC50 of 15.50 ppm. The test results showed methanol extract of onion, methanol extracts of onion has inhibition of ?-glukosidase activity which indicates effect.

scholarly journals Potent In Vitro Activity of Citrus aurantium Essential Oil and Vitis vinifera Hydrolate Against Gut Yeast Isolates from Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients—The Right Mix for Potential Therapeutic Use

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Maura Di Vito ◽  
Maria Grazia Bellardi ◽  
Maurizio Sanguinetti ◽  
Francesca Mondello ◽  
Antonietta Girolamo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lactobacillus Species ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder without any pathological alteration, in which the alterations of the Candida/Saccharomyces ratio of the gut microbiota, the balance of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the brain-gut-microbiome axis are important for the development and progression of IBS. The aim of the study was to identify natural products, including essential oils or hydrolates, which were contextually harmless for the gut beneficial strains (e.g., Saccharomyces spp.) but inhibitory for the pathogenic ones (Candida spp.). Methods: The effectiveness of 6 essential oils and 2 hydrolates was evaluated using microbiological tests, carried out on 50 clinical isolates (Candida, Saccharomyces and Galattomyces species) and 9 probiotic strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus species, Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and immunological and antioxidant assays. Results: The study led to a mixture based on a 1/100 ratio of Citrus aurantium var. amara essential oil / Vitis vinifera cv Italia hydrolate able to contextually reduce, in a concentration-dependent manner, the ability of Candida species to form hyphal filaments and have an interesting immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant action. This mixture can potentially be useful in the IBS treatment promoting the restoration of the intestinal microbial and immunological balance.

scholarly journals Chemotypes and antibacterial activity of Matricaria pubescens of Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Elhouda Mekhadmi ◽  
Messaoud Ramdani ◽  
Takia Lograda ◽  
Pierre Chalard ◽  
Gilles Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Main Components

Abstract. Mekhadmi NE, Ramdani M, Lograda T, Chalard P, Figueredo G. 2019. Chemotypes and antibacterial activity of Matricaria pubescens of Algeria. Biodiversitas 20: 3170-3179. The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Matricaria pubescens L. essential oils from 14 sampling locations in southern Algeria. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by the hydro-distillation; the analysis of chemical composition of essential oil was carried out by GC-MS. Antibacterial activity was performed by disc diffusion method at the undiluted and diluted essential oil (1/1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8 v:v of DMSO) against eight species of bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria innocua, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus). The results showed that the average yields of essential oils were 0.4 ± 0.27%. A total of 34 components were identified, averaging 99.22 ± 0.8% of the total oils. The main components were β-ocimene (Z) (47.41 ± 13.67%), α-pinene (19 ± 7.36%), β-bulnesene (4.96 ± 10.6%), ocimene-allo (4.46 ± 1.3%), 1-phenyl-penta-2,4-diyne (4.06 ± 5.7%), limonene (3.84 ± 1.8%), caryophyllene oxide (2.36 ± 3.6%) and γ-bisabolene-E (2.08 ± 4.3%). Based on the UPGMA cluster analysis, there were two distinct clades of M. pubescens. This species has a chemical polymorphism with different chemotypes marked in nature. There were four chemotypes identified in the essential oil of M. pubescens in the region studied. The essential oil of M. pubescens has antibacterial activity against eight bacteria tested in a concentration-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Comparison for the Effectiveness of Column Purified Fractions of Allium cepa Bulbs and Allium sativum Cloves against Bulinus globosus (Intermediate Host of Urinary Schistosomiasis) in Sokoto, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. Suleiman ◽  
Kiran Singh ◽  
A. Y. Bala ◽  
M. T. Muhammad ◽  
A. Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
World Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bulinus Globosus ◽  
Health Organization

Synthetic molluscicides widely used for the control of urinary schistosomiasis are expensive, toxic to non-target organisms, not available and may have deleterious long-term effects in the environment. The aim of this research is to compare the efficacy of column purified fractions of Allium cepa and Allium sativum against Bulinus globosus specimens (intermediate host of urinary schistosomiasis) under laboratory conditions as an increment for the cheaper, non-toxic, available way of controlling urinary schistosomiasis. Extracts were obtained using cold maceration method with methanol as a polar solvent; column purification was achieved using silica gel (stationary phase) while ethyl acetate and n-hexane (mobile phase); thirteen fractions were collected from each plant and each fraction contained 10ml of the eluent; the fractions were left open for 48 hours for evaporation of the solvents. Experiments were performed according to the methodology described by the World Health Organization for molluscicidal activity tests; each treatment was replicated three times; mortality was recorded after each 24 hours up to 96 hours. The results showed that; A. sativum was more effective against B. globosus as compared with A. cepa with statistical significant difference (P<0.05) and LC50 were 15.60mg/l and 19.37mg/l for the efficacy of A. cepa and A. sativum respectively. It was concluded that, although, A. cepa purified fractions are more effective than A. sativum against B. globosus, both of the plants species may be helpful in snail control at acceptable doses since the plant extracts caused mortality of the snail.

scholarly journals Antifungal Effects and Potential Mechanism of Essential Oils on Collelotrichum gloeosporioides In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoman Jia ◽  
Li Xin ◽  
Hao Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations

The development of natural essential oil as an alternative to synthetic chemicals in the control of postharvest decay is currently in the spotlight. In the present study, the efficacy of seven essential oils in suppressing Collelotrichum gloeosporioides identified from sweet cherry was evaluated in vitro and clove oil was proved to be the most promising inhibitor. Thus, the antifungal properties and potential mechanisms of clove oil in vitro and in vivo by fumigation and contact treatments were intensively investigated. For C. gloeosporioides, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of clove oil in air and contact phase were 80 and 300 μL/L in vitro testing, respectively. Based on the radial growth of C. gloeosporioides mycelium in medium, the fumgitoxic ability of essential oil was observed in a dose-dependent manner, which was not as dramatic as that under in vivo conditions. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of C. gloeosporioides exposed to clove oil exhibited obviously deleterious morphological and ultrastructural alterations confirming the disruption of fungal cell wall and endomembrane system, which resulted in increasing in permeability and causing the loss of intracellular constituents. In future, essential oils, combined with nano-emulsification approaches, could be good candidates as safe and effective antifungal agents for fungal spoilage of fresh commodities.

scholarly journals Anti-Quorum Sensing and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils Extracted From Juniperus Species, Growing Spontaneously in Tebessa Region (East of Algeria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110240
Author(s):  
Sameh Boudiba ◽  
Alfred Ngenge Tamfu ◽  
Baya Berka ◽  
Karima Hanini ◽  
Soraya Hioun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Minimal Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Active Inhibitor ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from the aerial parts of 2 species of Juniperus was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 65 and 58 compounds accounting for 90.3% and 89.8% of the whole chemical composition of Juniperus oxycedrus (JO) and Juniperus phoenicea (JP) were identified, respectively, with α-pinene, α-amorphene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpinene, and β-elemene, as major components. For the first time, the capacity to inhibit quorum-sensing for Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and CV12472 by the investigated EOs was evaluated. Both oils exhibited good violacein inhibition on CV12472 with 100.0 ± 0.0% inhibition at minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values. Besides, the quorum-sensing inhibition of CV026 was high at MIC for JO essential oil from fruits (JOF, 16.3 ± 2.0 mm), JO leaves (JOL, 12.5 ± 3.5 mm), JP fruits (JPF, 19.7 ± 2.5 mm), and JP leaves (JPL, 21.1 ± 5.0 mm). On both CV12472 and CV026, essential oil from J. phoenicea leaves was the most active inhibitor. All investigated EOs inhibited swarming motilities in flagellated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01) in a concentration-dependent manner, and those from JP were more active than EOs from JO. Moreover, these EOs showed good antioxidant potential according to DPPH● and FRAP methods, especially the EO from JO leaves with an IC50 DPPH● inhibition value of 20.2 ± 1.0 mg/mL. Based on the obtained results, the investigated EOs are good candidates to combat microbial resistance be used as alternatives to conventional antibiotics, and equally find applications in food biosafety as preservatives.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of the Allium sativum and Origanum vulgare essential oils and their inhibition effect on the growth of some food pathogens

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.T. Mallet ◽  
M.G Cardoso ◽  
P.E. Souza ◽  
S.M.F. Machado ◽  
M.A. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil

This study sought to evaluate the chemical composition of the Allium sativum and Origanum vulgare essential oils and their effect on the growth inhibition of microorganisms, such as P. aeruginosa, S. Choleraesuis, A. flavus, A. niger and P. simplicissimum, important food contaminants. The main constituents of the oregano essential oil were 4-terpineol (27.03%), γ-terpinene (20.04%), and β-cymene (6.34%), and the main constituents of the garlic essential oil were diallyl trisulfide (38, 81%), diallyl disulfide (25.23%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (12.52%). Inhibition zones were formed in in vitro tests on the bacteria S. Choleraesuis and P. aeruginosa, except for A. sativum against P. aeruginosa. The inhibition of mycelial growth caused by the oregano essential oil occurred with the concentrations of 0.10, 0.03 and 0.05 mg mL-1 for the A. flavus, A. niger and P. simplicissimum fungi, respectively. The CMI for the garlic oil began at the 0.03 mg mL-1 concentration for all species of fungi. The oils presented an inhibitory effect against the microorganisms studied and constitute an alternative for microbiological control in food.

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