scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON APPLICATION OF DEEP LEARNING IN BRAIN TUMOR DETECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 977-994
Author(s):  
Josmy Mathew ◽  
◽  
Dr. N. Srinivasan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Deep Learning is an area of machine learning which, because of its capability to handle a large quantity of data, has demonstrated amazing achievements in each field, notably in biomedicine. Its potential and abilities were evaluated and utilised with an effective prognosis in the identification of brain tumours with MRI pictures. The diagnosis of MRI images by computer-aided brain tumours includes tumour identification, segmentation and classification. Many types of research have concentrated in recent years on conventional or basic machine learning approaches in the detection of brain tumours. Throughout this overview, we offer a comprehensive assessment of the surveys that have been reported so far and the current approaches for detecting tumours. Our review examines the major processes in deep learning approaches for detecting brain tumours including preprocessing, extraction of features and classification and their performance and limitations. We also explore state-of-the-art neural network models to identify brain tumours through extensive trials with and without data augmentation. This review also discusses existing data sets for brain tumour detection assessments.

scholarly journals MeshCut data augmentation for deep learning in computer vision

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243613
Author(s):  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Miao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Learning In Computer Vision

To solve overfitting in machine learning, we propose a novel data augmentation method called MeshCut, which uses a mesh-like mask to segment the whole image to achieve more partial diversified information. In our experiments, this strategy outperformed the existing augmentation strategies and achieved state-of-the-art results in a variety of computer vision tasks. MeshCut is also an easy-to-implement strategy that can efficiently improve the performance of the existing convolutional neural network models by a good margin without careful hand-tuning. The performance of such a strategy can be further improved by incorporating it into other augmentation strategies, which can make MeshCut a promising baseline strategy for future data augmentation algorithms.

Deep Learning Approaches for Sentiment Analysis Challenges and Future Issues

2022 ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Rajalaxmi Prabhu B. ◽  
Seema S.
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Important Challenge

A lot of user-generated data is available these days from huge platforms, blogs, websites, and other review sites. These data are usually unstructured. Analyzing sentiments from these data automatically is considered an important challenge. Several machine learning algorithms are implemented to check the opinions from large data sets. A lot of research has been undergone in understanding machine learning approaches to analyze sentiments. Machine learning mainly depends on the data required for model building, and hence, suitable feature exactions techniques also need to be carried. In this chapter, several deep learning approaches, its challenges, and future issues will be addressed. Deep learning techniques are considered important in predicting the sentiments of users. This chapter aims to analyze the deep-learning techniques for predicting sentiments and understanding the importance of several approaches for mining opinions and determining sentiment polarity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Implicit vs. Explicit Regime Identification in Machine Learning Methods for Solar Irradiance Prediction

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler McCandless ◽  
Susan Dettling ◽  
Sue Ellen Haupt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Power Prediction ◽  
Neural Network Models

This work compares the solar power forecasting performance of tree-based methods that include implicit regime-based models to explicit regime separation methods that utilize both unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques. Previous studies have shown an improvement utilizing a regime-based machine learning approach in a climate with diverse cloud conditions. This study compares the machine learning approaches for solar power prediction at the Shagaya Renewable Energy Park in Kuwait, which is in an arid desert climate characterized by abundant sunshine. The regime-dependent artificial neural network models undergo a comprehensive parameter and hyperparameter tuning analysis to minimize the prediction errors on a test dataset. The final results that compare the different methods are computed on an independent validation dataset. The results show that the tree-based methods, the regression model tree approach, performs better than the explicit regime-dependent approach. These results appear to be a function of the predominantly sunny conditions that limit the ability of an unsupervised technique to separate regimes for which the relationship between the predictors and the predictand would differ for the supervised learning technique.

scholarly journals Comparing Deep-Learning Architectures and Traditional Machine-Learning Approaches for Satire Identification in Spanish Tweets

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Óscar Apolinario-Arzube ◽  
José Antonio García-Díaz ◽  
José Medina-Moreira ◽  
Harry Luna-Aveiga ◽  
Rafael Valencia-García
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Language User ◽  
Learning Architectures

Automatic satire identification can help to identify texts in which the intended meaning differs from the literal meaning, improving tasks such as sentiment analysis, fake news detection or natural-language user interfaces. Typically, satire identification is performed by training a supervised classifier for finding linguistic clues that can determine whether a text is satirical or not. For this, the state-of-the-art relies on neural networks fed with word embeddings that are capable of learning interesting characteristics regarding the way humans communicate. However, as far as our knowledge goes, there are no comprehensive studies that evaluate these techniques in Spanish in the satire identification domain. Consequently, in this work we evaluate several deep-learning architectures with Spanish pre-trained word-embeddings and compare the results with strong baselines based on term-counting features. This evaluation is performed with two datasets that contain satirical and non-satirical tweets written in two Spanish variants: European Spanish and Mexican Spanish. Our experimentation revealed that term-counting features achieved similar results to deep-learning approaches based on word-embeddings, both outperforming previous results based on linguistic features. Our results suggest that term-counting features and traditional machine learning models provide competitive results regarding automatic satire identification, slightly outperforming state-of-the-art models.

scholarly journals Deep Machine Learning provides state-of-the-art performance in image-based plant phenotyping

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Pound ◽  
Alexandra J. Burgess ◽  
Michael H. Wilson ◽  
Jonathan A. Atkinson ◽  
Marcus Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Feature Identification ◽  
Art Performance

AbstractDeep learning is an emerging field that promises unparalleled results on many data analysis problems. We show the success offered by such techniques when applied to the challenging problem of image-based plant phenotyping, and demonstrate state-of-the-art results for root and shoot feature identification and localisation. We predict a paradigm shift in image-based phenotyping thanks to deep learning approaches.

Recent Trends in the Use of Graph Neural Network Models for Natural Language Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 274-289
Author(s):  
BURCU YILMAZ ◽  
Hilal Genc ◽  
Mustafa Agriman ◽  
Bugra Kaan Demirdover ◽  
Mert Erdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Feature Engineering ◽  
Graph Structure ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Graph Models ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Low Dimensional

Graphs are powerful data structures that allow us to represent varying relationships within data. In the past, due to the difficulties related to the time complexities of processing graph models, graphs rarely involved machine learning tasks. In recent years, especially with the new advances in deep learning techniques, increasing number of graph models related to the feature engineering and machine learning are proposed. Recently, there has been an increase in approaches that automatically learn to encode graph structure into low dimensional embedding. These approaches are accompanied by models for machine learning tasks, and they fall into two categories. The first one focuses on feature engineering techniques on graphs. The second group of models assembles graph structure to learn a graph neighborhood in the machine learning model. In this chapter, the authors focus on the advances in applications of graphs on NLP using the recent deep learning models.

Data processing using deep learning of the generative-adversarial neural network (GAN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.Y. Ilichev ◽  
I.V. Chukhraev
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Python Language ◽  
And Training

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the areas of application of modern and promising computer technology – machine learning. This direction is based on the creation of models consisting of neural networks and their deep learning. At present, there is a need to generate new, not yet existing, images of objects of different types. Most often, text files or images act as such objects. To achieve a high quality of results, a generation method based on the adversarial work of two neural networks (generator and discriminator) was once worked out. This class of neural network models is distinguished by the complexity of topography, since it is necessary to correctly organize the structure of neural layers in order to achieve maximum accuracy and minimal error. The described program is created using the Python language and special libraries that extend the set of commands for performing additional functions: working with neural networks Keras (main library), integrating with the operating system Os, outputting graphs Matplotlib, working with data arrays Numpy and others. A description is given of the type and features of each neural layer, as well as the use of library connection functions, input of initial data, compilation and training of the obtained model. Next, the implementation of the procedure for outputting the results of evaluating the errors of the generator and discriminator and the accuracy achieved by the model depending on the number of cycles (eras) of its training is considered. Based on the results of the work, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made for the use and development of the considered methodology for creating and training generative and adversarial neural networks. Studies have demonstrated the procedure for operating with comparatively simple and accessible, but effective means of a universal Python language with the Keras library to create and teach a complex neural network model. In fact, it has been proved that the use of this method allows to achieve high-quality results of machine learning, previously achievable only when using special software systems for working with neural networks.

scholarly journals Machine Learning in Agriculture Application: Algorithms and Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140-1146
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
Learning Techniques

Machine learning techniques with high performance computing technologies can create various new opportunities in the agriculture domain. This paper does comprehensivereview of various papers which are concentrating on machine learning (ML) and deep learning application in agriculture. This paper is categorized into three sections a) Yield prediction using machine learning technique b) Price prediction c) Leaf disease detection using neural networks. In this paper we study the comparison of neural network models with existing models. The findings of this survey paper indicate Deep learning models give high accuracy and outperform traditional image processing technique and ML techniques outperforms various traditional techniques in prediction.

scholarly journals Application of Deep Learning Approaches for Enhancing Mastcam Images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qu ◽  
Hairong Qi ◽  
Chiman Kwan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Mars Rover ◽  
The Right

There are two mast cameras (Mastcam) onboard the Mars rover Curiosity. Both Mastcams are multispectral imagers with nine bands in each. The right Mastcam has three times higher resolution than the left. In this chapter, we apply some recently developed deep neural network models to enhance the left Mastcam images with help from the right Mastcam images. Actual Mastcam images were used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.

scholarly journals Attention-Based Deep Learning Models for Detection of Fake News in Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deception Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Automatic fake news detection is a challenging problem in deception detection. While evaluating the performance of deep learning-based models, if all the models are giving higher accuracy on a test dataset, it will make it harder to validate the performance of the deep learning models under consideration. So, we will need a complex problem to validate the performance of a deep learning model. LIAR is one such complex, much resent, labeled benchmark dataset which is publicly available for doing research on fake news detection to model statistical and machine learning approaches to combating fake news. In this work, a novel fake news detection system is implemented using Deep Neural Network models such as CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM, and the performance of their attention mechanism is evaluated by analyzing their performance in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-score with training, validation and test datasets of LIAR.

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