scholarly journals Isolation of Lichens associated Actinomycetes: Determining its antibacterial activity against Multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1489-1509
Author(s):  
VidhyaSri AR ◽  
◽  
Dr. Thamarai Selvi B ◽  
Sanjay Prasad S ◽  
Karkuvelraja R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Rapid Emergence

The rapid emergence of drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-Resistant bacteria, underlines the need to search for new antibiotics. In the present study, actinomycetes were isolated from lichens collected from coconut trees. The actinomycetes were investigated for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumonia in order to identify the potential antibiotic producers.MIC was determined and the organism was identified using 16s rRNA sequencing. Crude action extracts showed 11mm and 9mm against MRSA and Klebsiella pneumonia. The isolated actinomycetes were found to be Streptomyces hygro scopicus subspecies. GC-MS analysis identified several novel compounds. Thus, the isolated actinomycetes can be used for the development of new antibiotics for the treatment of MDR infection.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Functionalities of Amino-Functionalized Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient Enhancement of Antimicrobial Therapy to Eliminate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Utilization as a Contrast Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 9695
Author(s):  
Wen-Shuo Kuo ◽  
Ping-Ching Wu ◽  
Chi-Yao Hung ◽  
Chia-Yuan Chang ◽  
Jiu-Yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene

There is an urgent need for materials that can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and be used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) as two-photon imaging contrast probes. In this study, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were subjected to amino group functionalization and nitrogen doping (amino-N-GQDs) via annealing and hydrothermal ammonia autoclave treatments. The synthesized dots could serve as a photosensitizer in PDT and generate more ROS than conventional GQDs under 60-s low-energy (fixed output power: 0.07 W·cm−2) excitation exerted by a 670-nm continuous-wave laser. The generated ROS were used to completely eliminate a multidrug-resistant strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a Gram-positive bacterium. Compared with conventional GQDs, the amino-N-GQDs had superior optical properties, including stronger absorption, higher quantum yield (0.34), stronger luminescence, and high stability under exposure. The high photostability and intrinsic luminescence of amino-N-GQDs contribute to their suitability as contrast probes for use in biomedical imaging, in addition to their bacteria tracking and localization abilities. Herein, the dual-modality amino-N-GQDs in PDT easily eliminated multidrug-resistant bacteria, ultimately revealing their potential for use in future clinical applications.

scholarly journals Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Healthcare Workers’ Attire: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Pavlina Lena ◽  
Angela Ishak ◽  
Spyridon A Karageorgos ◽  
Constantinos Tsioutis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Contaminated healthcare workers’ (HCW) clothing risk transferring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare facilities. We performed a systematic review in Pubmed and Scopus for 2000–2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze evidence of MRSA on HCW attire. The primary study outcome was MRSA isolation rates on HCW clothing in healthcare settings. Out of 4425 articles, 23 studies were included: 18 with 1760 HCWs, four with 9755 HCW–patient interactions and one with 512 samples. There was a notable variation in HCWs surveyed, HCW attires, sampling techniques, culture methods and laundering practices. HCW attire was frequently colonized with MRSA with the highest rates in long-sleeved white coats (up to 79%) and ties (up to 32%). Eight studies reported additional multidrug-resistant bacteria on the sampled attire. HCW attire, particularly long-sleeved white coats and ties, is frequently contaminated with MRSA. Banning certain types and giving preference to in-house laundering in combination with contact precautions can effectively decrease MRSA contamination and spread.

scholarly journals Polymeric approach to combat drug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 7265-7285
Author(s):  
Shreya Kanth ◽  
Akshatha Nagaraja ◽  
Yashoda Malgar Puttaiahgowda
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Abstract The current global death rate has threatened humans due to increase in deadly unknown infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms. On the contrary, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is also increasing which is leading to elevated lethality rate worldwide. Development of drug-resistant bacteria has become one of the daunting global challenges due to failure in approaching to combat against them. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of those drug-resistant bacteria which has led to increase in global mortality rate causing various lethal infections. Polymer synthesis can be one of the significant approaches to combat MRSA by fabricating polymeric coatings to prevent the spread of infections. This review provides last decade information in the development of various polymers against MRSA. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Plasma-Activated Saline Promotes Antibiotic Treatment of Systemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Lu Yang ◽  
Gulimire Niyazi ◽  
Yu Qi ◽  
Zhiqian Yao ◽  
Lingling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Systemic infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are life-threatening due to their strong multidrug resistance, especially since the biofilms formed by MRSA are more difficult to inactivate by antibiotics, causing long term recurrence of infection. Plasma-activated saline (PAS), a derived form of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma, can effectively inactivate bacteria and cancer cells and has been applied to sterilization and cancer treatment. Previous studies have demonstrated that the pretreatment of MRSA with PAS could promote the action of antibiotics. Here, the PAS was used as an antibiotic adjuvant to promote the inactivation of MRSA biofilms by rifampicin and vancomycin, and the combined treatment reduced approximately 6.0-log10 MRSA cells in biofilms. The plasma-activated saline and rifampicin synergistically and effectively reduced the systemic infection in the murine model. The histochemical analysis and the blood hematological and biochemical test demonstrated that the combined treatment with plasma-activated saline and rifampicin improved the blood hematological and biochemical parameters of infected mice by reducing the infection. Therefore, PAS based on plasma technology represents a new strategy for the treatment of infectious disease caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria and alleviating antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Synthesis of photo-excited Chlorin e6 conjugated silica nanoparticles for enhanced anti-bacterial efficiency to overcome methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (18) ◽  
pp. 2656-2659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-fu Lin ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Ashna Gopal ◽  
Tasnim Munshi ◽  
Yi-wen Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chlorin E6 ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Nano photodynamic therapy to overcome multidrug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Caused Protein Damage in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cells in Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Li Guo ◽  
Lu Yang ◽  
Yu Qi ◽  
Gulimire Niyazi ◽  
Lingling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pressure Plasma ◽  
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

Biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is attractive for sterilization, especially to disrupt biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, CAP effectively reduced the living cells in the biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 6 min treatment with CAP reduced the S. aureus cells in biofilms by 3.5 log10. The treatment with CAP caused the polymerization of SaFtsZ and SaClpP proteins in the S. aureus cells of the biofilms. In vitro analysis demonstrated that recombinant SaFtsZ lost its self-assembly capability, and recombinant SaClpP lost its peptidase activity after 2 min of treatment with CAP. Mass spectrometry showed oxidative modifications of a cluster of peaks differing by 16 Da, 31 Da, 32 Da, 47 Da, 48 Da, 62 Da, and 78 Da, induced by reactive species of CAP. It is speculated that the oxidative damage to proteins in S. aureus cells was induced by CAP, which contributed to the reduction of biofilms. This study elucidates the biological effect of CAP on the proteins in bacterial cells of biofilms and provides a basis for the application of CAP in the disinfection of biofilms.

scholarly journals Cyclic and Acyclic Amine Oxide Alkyl Derivatives as Potential Adjuvants in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with an MDR Profile

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Lorenza Fagnani ◽  
Lisaurora Nazzicone ◽  
Fabrizia Brisdelli ◽  
Luisa Giansanti ◽  
Sara Battista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Amine Oxide ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Amphoteric Surfactants

The dramatic intensification of antimicrobial resistance occurrence in pathogenic bacteria concerns the global community. The revitalisation of inactive antibiotics is, at present, the only way to go through this health system crisis and the use of antimicrobial adjuvants is turning out the most promising approach. Due to their low toxicity, eco-friendly characteristics and antimicrobial activity, amphoteric surfactants are good candidates. This study investigated the adjuvant potentialities of commercial acyclic and newly cyclic N-oxide surfactants combined with therapeutically available antibiotics against MDR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The safety profile of the new cyclic compounds, compared to commercial surfactants, was preliminarily assessed, evaluating the cytotoxicity on human peripheral mononuclear blood cells and the haemolysis in human red blood cells. The compounds show an efficacious antimicrobial activity strongly related to the length of the carbon atom chain. In drug–drug interaction assays, all surfactants act synergistically, restoring sensitivity to oxacillin in MRSA, with dodecyl acyclic and cyclic derivatives being the most effective. After evaluating the cytotoxicity and considering the antimicrobial action, the most promising compound is the L-prolinol amine-oxide C12NOX. These findings suggest that the combination of antibiotics with amphoteric surfactants is a valuable therapeutic option for topical infections sustained by multidrug-resistant S. aureus.

scholarly journals Protective Face Mask Filter Capable of Inactivating SARS-CoV-2, and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Miguel Martí ◽  
Alberto Tuñón-Molina ◽  
Finn Lillelund Aachmann ◽  
Yukiko Muramoto ◽  
Takeshi Noda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Face masks have globally been accepted to be an effective protective tool to prevent bacterial and viral transmission, especially against indoor aerosol transmission. However, commercial face masks contain filters that are made of materials that are not capable of inactivating either SARS-CoV-2 or multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals can infect other people even if they wear them because some viable viral or bacterial loads can escape from the masks. Furthermore, viral or bacterial contact transmission can occur after touching the mask, which constitutes an increasing source of contaminated biological waste. Additionally, bacterial pathogens contribute to the SARS-CoV-2-mediated pneumonia disease complex, and their resistance to antibiotics in pneumonia treatment is increasing at an alarming rate. In this regard, herein, we report the development of a non-woven face mask filter fabricated with a biofunctional coating of benzalkonium chloride that is capable of inactivating more than 99% of SARS-CoV-2 particles in one minute of contact, and the life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (normalized antibacterial halos of 0.52 ± 0.04 and 0.72 ± 0.04, respectively). Nonetheless, despite the results obtained, further studies are needed to ensure the safety and correct use of this technology for the mass production and commercialization of this broad-spectrum antimicrobial face mask filter. Our novel protective non-woven face mask filter would be useful for many healthcare workers and researchers working in this urgent and challenging field.

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