scholarly journals Design and Performance Analysis of Active and Passive Cell Balancing for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 476-488
Author(s):  
Rakshak Udupa T S ◽  
◽  
Shashank K Holla ◽  
Kariyappa B S ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Switched Capacitor ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Cell Temperature ◽  
Battery Management Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Charge Balancing ◽  
Cell Balancing

Electric Vehicles (EV) are growing areas of research since the demand for clean transportation is ever-increasing. Batteries form an integral part of EVs. Battery Management systems (BMS) need to support many features, including charge balancing to improve battery life and longevity. Among passive cell balancing and active cell balancing, the latter provides better battery life and efficiency. Among different active and passive cell balancing techniques, popular techniques like Flyback transformer-based active cell balancing and switched capacitor-based active cell balancing are used. These methods are not only easy to implement but also provide good performance. These balancing circuits are integrated with non-ideal RC models of a lithium-ion battery. The bleed resistor-based passive cell balancing took more than 16000 seconds to reach a 0.01V difference for capacitors with 5F capacitance, whereas the switched capacitor design is estimated to take 500 seconds. The multi-winding flyback active cell balancing system reached a 2% difference in SOC in 1800 seconds. There was a visible increase in time taken for balancing the cells using multi-winding active cell balancing as the cell temperature increased. A 2.32% increase in the time taken for balancing the cells was observed when cell temperature increased from 293K to 313K.

scholarly journals Active cell balancing for electric vehicle battery management system

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Thiruvonasundari Duraisamy ◽  
Deepa Kaliyaperumal
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
In Series ◽  
Cell Balancing

The shrink in accessibility of petroleum products and increment in asset request are eventual outcomes for Electrical Vehicles (EVs). The battery has an impact on the performance of electrical vehicles, the driving range. Lithium ion (Li-ion) chemistry is extremely sensitive to overcharge and deep discharge, which can harm the battery, shortening its period of time, and even inflicting risky things. The Battery Management System (BMS) comprises of the consequent parts: management, equalization and protection. Of the three components, equalization is that the most crucial with respect to the durability of the battery framework. The ability of the full pack diminishes rapidly amid the procedure which leads to degradation of the full battery framework. This condition is extreme once the battery incorporates a more number of cells in series and frequent charging is conveyed through the battery string. The cell imbalance during charging, discharging is a major issue in battery systems used in EVs. To circumvent the cell imbalance, cell balancing is used. Cell balancing enhances battery safety and extends battery life. This paper discusses about different active balancing method to increase the life span of the battery module. Based on the comparison, the inductor based balancing method for 60V battery system is implemented in the MATLAB/Simscape environment and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparative Study of Cell Balancing Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
Thiruvonasundari Duraisamy ◽  
Kaliyaperumal Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Cell Balancing

Vehicle manufacturers positioned electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as reliable, safe and environmental friendly alternative to traditional fuel based vehicles. Charging EVs using renewable energy resources reduce greenhouse emissions. The Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EVs are susceptible to failure due to voltage imbalance when connected to form a pack. Hence, it requires a proper balancing system categorised into passive and active systems based on the working principle. It is the prerogative of a battery management system (BMS) designer to choose an appropriate system depending on the application. This study compares and evaluates passive balancing system against widely used inductor based active balancing system in order to select an appropriate balancing scheme addressing battery efficiency and balancing speed for E-vehicle segment (E-bike, E-car and E-truck). The balancing systems are implemented using “top-balancing” algorithm which balance the cells voltages near the end of charge for better accuracy and effective balancing. The most important characteristics of the balancing systems such as degree of imbalance, power loss and temperature variation are determined by their influence on battery performance and cost. To enhance the battery life, Matlab-Simscape simulation-based analysis is performed in order to fine tune the cell balancing system for the optimal usage of the battery pack. For the simulation requirements, the battery model parameters are obtained using least-square fitting algorithm on the data obtained through electro chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The achieved balancing time of the passive and active cell balancer for fourteen cells were 48 and 20 min for the voltage deviation of 30 mV. Also, the recorded balancing time was 215 and 42 min for the voltage deviation of 200 mV.

scholarly journals New Cell Balancing Charging System Research for Lithium-ion Batteries

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Chan-Yong Zun ◽  
Sang-Uk Park ◽  
Hyung-Soo Mok
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Battery Management Systems ◽  
Cell Balancing

With recent advancements in the electrical industry, the demand for high capacity and high energy density batteries has increased, subsequently increasing the demand for fast and reliable battery charging. A battery is an assembly of a plurality of cells, in which maintaining a balance between neighboring cells is crucial for stable charging. To this end, various methods have been applied to battery management systems. Representative methods for maintaining the balance in battery cells include a passive method of adjusting the balance using a resistor and an active method involving the exchange of energy between the cells. However, these methods are limited in terms of efficiency, lifespan, and charging time. Therefore, in this study, we propose a new charging method at the battery cell level and demonstrate its effectiveness through experiments.

Maximizing Battery Life and Usable Capacity With Battery Management System in Electric Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szeli ◽  
Gábor Szakállas ◽  
Ferenc Szauter
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management System ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Cost Weight ◽  
Cell Balancing

In terms of the electric vehicles is an important issue of sizing a battery pack. The designer must take account of parameters such as cost, weight and durability. We can optimize these parameters with the help of a battery management system with integrated active cell balancing function. The article describes the development of a battery management system that developed by the Research Centre of Vehicle Industry at Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparative Study of Cell Balancing Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
Thiruvonasundari Duraisamy ◽  
Kaliyaperumal Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Cell Balancing

Vehicle manufacturers positioned electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as reliable, safe and environmental friendly alternative to traditional fuel based vehicles. Charging EVs using renewable energy resources reduce greenhouse emissions. The Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries used in EVs are susceptible to failure due to voltage imbalance when connected to form a pack. Hence, it requires a proper balancing system categorised into passive and active systems based on the working principle. It is the prerogative of a battery management system (BMS) designer to choose an appropriate system depending on the application. This study compares and evaluates passive balancing system against widely used inductor based active balancing system in order to select an appropriate balancing scheme addressing battery efficiency and balancing speed for E-vehicle segment (E-bike, E-car and E-truck). The balancing systems are implemented using “top-balancing” algorithm which balance the cells voltages near the end of charge for better accuracy and effective balancing. The most important characteristics of the balancing systems such as degree of imbalance, power loss and temperature variation are determined by their influence on battery performance and cost. To enhance the battery life, Matlab-Simscape simulation-based analysis is performed in order to fine tune the cell balancing system for the optimal usage of the battery pack. For the simulation requirements, the battery model parameters are obtained using least-square fitting algorithm on the data obtained through electro chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The achieved balancing time of the passive and active cell balancer for fourteen cells were 48 and 20 min for the voltage deviation of 30 mV. Also, the recorded balancing time was 215 and 42 min for the voltage deviation of 200 mV.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Battery Management Systems of Electric Vehicles with Consideration of the Active and Passive Cell Balancing Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Uzair ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Saleh Hosain
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Battery Modeling ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Battery Management Systems ◽  
Cell Balancing

Energy shortage and environmental pollution issues can be reduced considerably with the development and usage of electric vehicles (EVs). However, electric vehicle performance and battery lifespan depend on a suitable battery arrangement to meet the various battery performance demands. The safety, reliability, and efficiency of EVs largely depends on the constant monitoring of the batteries and management of battery packs. This work comprehensively reviews different aspects of battery management systems (BMS), i.e., architecture, functions, requirements, topologies, fundamentals of battery modeling, different battery models, issues/challenges, recommendations, and active and passive cell balancing approaches, etc., as compared to the existing works which normally discuss one or two aspects only. The work describes BMS functions, battery models and their comparisons in detail for an efficient operation of the battery pack. Similarly, the work presents a comprehensive overview of issues and challenges faced by BMS and also provides recommendations to address these challenges. Cell balancing is very important for the battery performance and in this work various cell balancing methodologies and their comparisons are also presented in detail. Modeling of a cell balancer is presented and a comparative study is also carried out for active and passive cell balance technique in MATLAB/Simulink with an eight cell battery packcell balancing approach. The result shows that the active cell balancing technique is more advantageous than passive balancing for electrical vehicles using lithium-ion batteries.

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