scholarly journals Enhanced Quality of Service Strategy for Improving Network Coverage in IOT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 694-707
Author(s):  
Dr. D. I. George Amalarethinam ◽  
◽  
Ms. P. Mercy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Network Coverage ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network that includes physical things capable of aggregating and communicating electronic information. With the advancement in wireless sensor networks, IoT provides highly efficient communication for various real-time applications. IoT networks are large-scale networks where routing can be improved by focusing on the Quality of Service (QoS) Parameter. Network coverage can be enhanced by hierarchical clustering of the nodes which increases the network lifetime. The proposed algorithm Enhanced Fuzzy Based Clustering and Routing Algorithm (EFCRA) performs distance and energy-based cluster head selection to find a new path from source to destination. The algorithm uses Fuzzy c-means clustering to provide optimization in forming cluster centers. The cluster head (CH) is identified based on the minimum distance and maximum energy of the sensor node. The cluster head is updated when its energy is lesser than the threshold value. The distance between sensor nodes and its CH node and then to the destination is computed using Dijkstra’s algorithm. The proposed routing strategy provides improved network coverage and throughput which extends the lifetime of the IoT network.

An Energy Aware Routing Algorithm for WSNs Based on Semi-Static Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1413-1418
Author(s):  
Tao Du ◽  
Qing Bei Guo ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Static Clustering

Energy efficiency is a key factor to improve WSNs’ performance, and hierarchical routing algorithms are fitter in large scale networks and have more reliability, so they are mostly used to improve the nodes’ energy efficiency now. In this paper, mainly existing hierarchical routing algorithms are introduced, and based on these researches, a new energy efficient hierarchical routing algorithm designed based on energy aware semi-static clustering method is proposed. In this algorithm named EASCA, the nodes’ residual energy and cost of communication would both be considered when clustering. And a special packet head is defined to update nodes’ energy information when transmitting message; to rotate cluster head automatically, a member management scheme is designed to complete this function; and a re-cluster mechanism is used to dynamic adjust the clusters to make sensor nodes organization more reasonable. At last, EASCA is compared with other typical hierarchical routing algorithms in a series of experiments, and the experiments’ result proves that EASCA has obviously improved WSNs’ energy efficiency.

A Novel Quality of Service Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 2374-2377
Author(s):  
Lin Lin ◽  
Shu Yan ◽  
Yi Nian
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Quality Of Service Routing ◽  
Service Routing

A new routing algorithm, RABA, is proposed in this paper. It seeks the shortest path between cluster head and Base Station by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The cluster head far away from Base Station transmits message along the shortest path, therefore reducing the transmission path length and lowering the node energy consumption. The simulation compared with LEACH shows that this algorithm can reduce routing length effectively and prolong network lifetime, providing more high quality of service.

scholarly journals How Can Wake-up Radio Reduce LoRa Downlink Latency for Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes?

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Nour El Hoda Djidi ◽  
Matthieu Gautier ◽  
Antoine Courtay ◽  
Olivier Berder ◽  
Michele Magno
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Hardware Platforms

LoRa is popular for internet of things applications as this communication technology offers both a long range and a low power consumption. However, LoRaWAN, the standard MAC protocol that uses LoRa as physical layer, has the bottleneck of a high downlink latency to achieve energy efficiency. To overcome this drawback we explore the use of wake-up radio combined with LoRa, and propose an adequate MAC protocol that takes profit of both these heterogeneous and complementary technologies. This protocol allows an opportunistic selection of a cluster head that forwards commands from the gateway to the nodes in the same cluster. Furthermore, to achieve self-sustainability, sensor nodes might include an energy harvesting sub-system, for instance to scavenge energy from the light, and their quality of service can be tuned, according to their available energy. To have an effective self-sustaining LoRa system, we propose a new energy manager that allows less fluctuations of the quality of service between days and nights. Latency and energy are modeled in a hybrid manner, i.e., leveraging microbenchmarks on real hardware platforms, to explore the influence of the energy harvesting conditions on the quality of service of this heterogeneous network. It is clearly demonstrated that the cooperation of nodes within a cluster drastically reduces the latency of LoRa base station commands, e.g., by almost 90% compared to traditional LoRa scheme for a 10 nodes cluster.

scholarly journals Improving the Quality of Service and Privacy by Integrating Dijkstra‟s, SafeQ and Extended Watchdog Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5409-5414
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Hop Count

The fundamental issue is framing the sensor nodes and steering the information from sender node to receiver node in wireless sensor networks (WSN). To resolve this major difficulty, clustering algorithm is one of the accessible methods employed in wireless sensor networks. Still, clustering concept also faces some hurdles while transmitting the data from source to destination node. The sensor node is used to sense the data and the source node helps to convey the information and the intended recipient receives the sensed information. The clustering proposal will choose the cluster head depending on the residual energy and the sensor utility to its cluster members. The cluster heads will have equal cluster number of nodes. The complexity is generated in computing the shortest path and this can be optimized by Dijkstra’s algorithm. The optimization is executed by Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm that eliminates the delay in packet delivery, energy consumption, lifetime of the packet and hop count while handling the difficulties. The shortest path calculation will improve the quality of service (QoS). QoS is the crucial problem due to loss of energy and resource computation as well as the privacy in wireless sensor networks. The security can be improvised in this projected work. The preventive metrics are discussed to upgrade the QoS facility by civilizing the privacy parameter called as Safe and Efficient Query Processing (SAFEQ) and integrating the extended watchdog algorithm in wireless sensor networks.

Performance Evaluation of Quality of Service in IEEE 802.15.4-Based Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
pp. 213-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanatan Mohanty ◽  
Sarat Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mesh Topology ◽  
Autonomous Sensor

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of many tiny, autonomous sensor nodes capable of sensing, computation and communication. The main objective of IEEE 802.15.4 based WSN standard is to provide low cost, low power and short range communication. Providing QoS in WSN is a challenging task due to its severe resource constraints in terms of energy, network bandwidth, memory, and CPU. In this chapter, Quality of Service (QoS) performance evaluation has been carried out for IEEE 802.15.4 networks based WSN star and mesh topology using routing protocols like AODV, DSR and DYMO in QualNet 4.5 simulator. Performance evaluations metrics like Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), throughput, average end to end delay, energy per goodput bit, network lifetime of battery model and total energy consumption which includes transmission, reception, idle and sleep mode were considered for both the topology. From the simulation studies and analysis, it can be seen that on an average DSR and DYMO performs better than AODV for different traffic load rates.

An Optimal Routing Algorithm for Internet of Things Enabling Technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amol V. Dhumane ◽  
Rajesh S. Prasad ◽  
Jayashree R. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Trust Level ◽  
Enabling Technologies

In Internet of things and its relevant technologies the routing of data plays one of the major roles. In this paper, a routing algorithm is presented for the networks consisting of smart objects, so that the Internet of Things and its enabling technologies can provide high reliability while the transmitting the data. The proposed technique executes in two stages. In first stage, the sensor nodes are clustered and an optimal cluster head is selected by using k-means clustering algorithm. The clustering is performed based on energy of sensor nodes. Then the energy cost of the cluster head and the trust level of the sensor nodes are determined. At second stage, an optimal path will be selected by using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The genetic algorithm is based on the energy cost at cluster head, trust level at sensor nodes and path length. The resultant optimal path provides high reliability, better speed and more lifetimes.

scholarly journals The Smaller the Better: Designing Solar Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes for Long-Range Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malo Mabon ◽  
Matthieu Gautier ◽  
Baptiste Vrigneau ◽  
Mickaël Le Gentil ◽  
Olivier Berder
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Form Factor ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wireless Systems ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
Monitoring Applications

Emerging Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN) represent a real breakthrough for monitoring applications, since they give the possibility to generate and transmit data over dozens of kilometers while consuming few energy. To further increase the autonomy of such wireless systems, the present paper proposes an original methodology to correctly dimension the key elements of an energy autonomous node, namely, the supercapacitor and the battery that mainly give the form factor of the node. Among the LPWAN candidates, LoRa is chosen for real field experiments with a custom wireless platform that proves its energy neutrality over a finite horizon. Different LoRa configurations are explored, leading to adequate dimensioning. As an example, it is shown that, for the same quality of service, the size of the solar panel needed to keep a LoRa node autonomous in the South of France is less than half of the size required in North of France.

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