scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction: A Diagnostic Symptom of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Shaila Kabir ◽  
A B M Tofazzal Hossain ◽  
M. Tanveer Hossain Parash ◽  
Constance Liew Sat Lin ◽  
Chandrika Murugaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
The Common

Besides the common respiratory symptoms or viral pneumonia, COVID-19 is also presented with different neurological symptoms. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) or impairment of the sense of smell is one of the common neurological symptoms being reported in infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity varies from anosmia to microsmia or hyposmia. OD could have a potential early screening and diagnostic value besides other neurological and common respiratory symptoms. In our descriptive concise review, we aimed to elicit the manifestation of olfactory dysfunction as an early predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We are also aiming to establish, OD as a quick and reliable assessment tool of COVID-19 risk, among the healthcare workers and contact tracers, which can justify self-quarantine of the person as well as recommendation for testing on a priority basis. We have also focused on, any effect to produce this symptom by the drug used for treatment in COVID-19, and if the old age of the patient showing any extra influence to develop OD in COVID-19.

A Review on Methods of Face Masks Sterilization for Reuse Owing To Crisis During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1240-1243
Author(s):  
Pradyuman Singh Rajput ◽  
Asish Kumar Saha ◽  
Insiya Gangardiwala ◽  
Anand Vijayakumar Palur Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common

The COVID-19 pandemic initially started from the Wuhan capital city of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China had now led to a severe public health hazard across the globe, the recorded death is approximately 958 thousand globally and counting. With the enormous amount of spread of the disease, a severe crisis for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is being noticed across the globe. Face masks being the first line of defence for all the healthcare workers as well for the common public. It became mandatory to wear face masks before entering the patient care area. The countries who are not manufacturing it locally had to depend on other countries for the procurement. As there is a severe supply chain disruption due to the lockdown measures taken by all the countries to contain the disease, so it had become difficult to procure the face masks from the manufacturing countries. The price for these PPEs is also rising at an alarming rate with the increase in the COVID-19 cases and the huge rate of consumption by the healthcare and other sectors. Therefore, with limited resources, the hospital has to run its services. The CDC, WHO and ICMR have released several guidelines from time to time for sterilization and reuse of face masks. This article will discuss the various methods that can be utilized to sterilize the face masks and reuse of it.

Diagnostic value of fatty acid-binding protein determination in urologists and nephrologists clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Konstantin R. Galkovich
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Obstructive Nephropathy ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein

This review summarizes the data on the diagnostic value of determining the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) in urological and nephrological diseases. A physiological role of this protein in the pathogenesis of malignant neoplasms of the kidney, bladder, and prostate was analyzed. The dynamics of FABP in serum and urine with decreased renal function was studied: this protein is considered as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for chronic kidney disease and acute renal injury. The value of FABP for early screening of patients with obstructive nephropathy was revealed, and its role in predicting the restoration of kidney function was studied: the dynamics of FABP content can characterize the process of graft recovery, determine the need for hemodialysis. In patients with oligozooastenospermia, a reduced content of FABP in the ejaculate was registered, which was probably an adverse sign indicating a violation of male fertility.

scholarly journals Impulse oscillometry for detection of small airway dysfunction in subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and preserved pulmonary function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Yuan Li ◽  
Tian-Sheng Yan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yu-Qi Li ◽  
Lin-Xi Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Impulse Oscillometry ◽  
Additional Method ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Abstract Background Subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and preserved pulmonary function (PPF) may have small airway dysfunction (SAD). As the most common means to detect SAD, spirometry needs good cooperation and its reliability is controversial. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) may complete the deficiency of spirometry and have higher sensitivity. We aimed to explore the diagnostic value of IOS to detect SAD in symptomatic subjects with PPF. Methods The evaluation of symptoms, spirometry and IOS results in 209 subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and PPF were assessed. ROC curves of IOS to detect SAD were analyzed. Results 209 subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and PPF were included. Subjects who reported sputum had higher R5–R20 and Fres than those who didn’t. Subjects with dyspnea had higher R5, R5–R20 and AX than those without. CAT and mMRC scores correlated better with IOS parameters than with spirometry. R5, R5–R20, AX and Fres in subjects with SAD (n = 42) significantly increased compared to those without. Cutoff values for IOS parameters to detect SAD were 0.30 kPa/L s for R5, 0.015 kPa/L s for R5–R20, 0.30 kPa/L for AX and 11.23 Hz for Fres. Fres has the largest AUC (0.665, P = 0.001) among these parameters. Compared with spirometry, prevalence of SAD was higher when measured with IOS. R5 could detect the most SAD subjects with a prevalence of 60.77% and a sensitivity of 81% (AUC = 0.659, P = 0.002). Conclusion IOS is more sensitive to detect SAD than spirometry in subjects with chronic respiratory symptoms and PPF, and it correlates better with symptoms. IOS could be an additional method for SAD detection in the early stage of diseases.

scholarly journals Preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the emergency department by implementing a separate pathway for patients with respiratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulwah Alqahtani ◽  
Marzouqah Alanazi ◽  
Wajdan Alassaf ◽  
Fadilah Sfouq Aleanizy ◽  
Muna Aljahany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Separate Pathway ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to describe the development and implementation of a separated pathway to check and treat patients with a suspected/confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the emergency department (ED) at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh. Methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive longitudinal study from March to July 2020 by analyzing data of all confirmed cases of COVID-19 among ED visitors and healthcare workers in King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital. Results During the study period, a total of 1,182 swab samples were collected for testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), of which 285 (24.1%) tested positive. Of the 285 cases of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 18 were healthcare workers and 267 were patients. As a result of using the respiratory pathway for COVID-19 patients, the hospital managed to limit transmission of SARS-CoV-2 not only between patients but also between patients and healthcare workers, while also containing the pandemic. There were no cases of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection recorded among the patients who visited the ED or the flu clinic. All confirmed cases were community acquired and patients were cared for under constrained measures. Conclusions Implementing infection control measures and restricting those with respiratory symptoms to the ED pathway prevented nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the ED.

scholarly journals Role of Paediatricians in Paediatric Ophthalmology

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Ujjowala Devi Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Early Referral ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
Paediatric Ophthalmology

Children are primarily examined by paediatricians. In Nepal, child health is in low priority due to illiteracy, there is total lack of awareness about children’s eye health. The common avoidable causes of childhood blindness are refractive errors, amblyopia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), xerophthalmia, ophthalmia neonatorum (ON), congenital cataract, and retinoblastoma. Paediatricians could be the key persons for early referral of these children to a paediatric ophthalmologist. Paediatricians can send the patients for eye examination after birth within 6 weeks, at 6 months, at one year and before going to school. In conclusion, early screening and referral by the paediatricians to the paediatric ophthalmologist prevents children from being sightless. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7605 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):80-82

Covid-19 And Sudden Death with Pulmonary Manifestations- A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Virus Strains

Covid 19 being a pandemic has uniformly and bizarrely affected the globe in a most unpredictable manner. So it becomes very important to unravel the transmission dynamics and the effect of the virus which has made it a deadly virus so far. Covid 19 is a member of coronavirus family, which also includes the SARS virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Symptoms) virus. The family of Coronavirus includes virus strains that the common cold and flu are caused [1].

Nutritional Hepatic Necrosis in Beef Cattle “Sawdust Liver”

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen C. Todd ◽  
Lennart Krook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
The Common

A histologic examination of spontaneous cases of sawdust livers in cattle indicated that the focal liver necrosis was an expression of vitamin E-selenium deficiency. The condition was reproduced in Hereford steers by feeding a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and poor in protein, vitamin E. and selenium. Lesions also occurred in the kidney, heart, skeletal muscled and pylorus. Addition of dictary protein or injection of selenium partially prevented the condition. Cellular anoxia with formation of hyalinc bodies in the liver and kidney was considered to be the common denominator of the degenerative changes. Due to the relatively mild tissue changes, plasma GOT and OCT determinations were found to be of no diagnostic value.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of HSP90α and Related Markers in Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhimin yuan ◽  
longhao wang ◽  
songlin hong ◽  
lin li ◽  
ting tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

Abstract PurposeTo investigate the expression of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) in patients with lung cancer and the clinical value of HSP90α and other related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer.MethodsThe plasma levels of HSP90α and related markers (CEA, NSE, CF211 and ProGRP) were detected in the blood of 560 patients with lung cancer by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Groups were divided according to the gender (male/female), age (age≤40, 41<age≤50, 51<age≤60, 61<age≤70 and age>70), types of lung cancer (small-cell, squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hybrid and other type), staging (Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) and metastasis (metastasis and non-metastasis) separately. Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare statistical differences between two groups/among the multiple groups for each factor of HSP90α.ResultsNo statistical difference was found in plasma level of HSP90α among different age and gender groups (P> 0.05). In the group divided by lung cancer type, staging and metastasis status, there were statistical differences among different groups in HSP90α level (P< 0.05). R values of HSP90α correlated with other related markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer (P< 0.05). Although HSP90α and other related markers didn’t fit the satisfactory conformance, in terms of the positive rate of diagnosis, it was statistically differences in the diagnostic positive rate between HSP90α and each marker (P< 0.01). Reduced cut-off value of HSP90α in lung cancer can effectively improve the positive rate of diagnosis when combined with other tumor biomarkers.ConclusionsHSP90α has significant clinical value on early screening and diagnosis of lung cancer. The combined application of HSP90α and related markers can improve the positive rate of early diagnosis of lung cancer effectively.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 as a novel prognostic biomarkers for early gastric cancer screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ge ◽  
Xiaolei Zhang ◽  
Yanling Ma ◽  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
Zhaowu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Early Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis

Abstract BACKGROUND Early diagnosis is very important to improve the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer, especially in asymptomatic participants. However, low sensitivity of common biomarkers has caused difficulties in early screening of gastric cancer. In this study, we explored whether MIC-1 can improve the detection rate of early gastric cancer.METHODS We screened 8,257 participants based on risk factors such as age, gender, and family history for physical examination including gastroscopy. Participant blood samples were taken for measure MIC-1, CA-199, CA72-4 and PG1/PG2 levels. The diagnostic performance of MIC-1 was assessed and compared with CA-199, CA72-4 and PG1/PG2, and its role in early gastric cancer diagnosis and the assessment of the risk of precancerous lesions have also been studied.RESULTS Based on endoscopic and histopathological findings, 55 participants had gastric cancer, 566 participants had low-grade neoplasia, 2605 participants had chronic gastritis. MIC-1 levels were significantly elevated in gastric cancer serum samples as compared to controls (p<0.001). The sensitivity of serum MIC-1 for gastric cancer diagnosis was much higher than that of CA-199 (49.1% vs. 20.0%) with similar specificities. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also showed that serum MIC-1 had a better performance compared with CA-199, CA72-4 and PG1/PG2 in distinguishing early-stage gastric cancer (AUC: 72.9% vs. 69.5%, 67.5%, 44.0% respectively).CONCLUSIONS Serum MIC-1 is significantly elevated in most patients with early gastric cancer. MIC-1 can serve as a novel diagnostic marker of early gastric cancer and value the risk of gastric cancer.

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