REVISÃO: MICRORGANISMOS PROMOTORES DE CRESCIMENTO APLICADOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MORANGOS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Israel da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Funneliformis Mosseae ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Introdução: Os microrganismos desempenham funções fundamentais no desenvolvimento vegetal. Eles atuam como catalizadores na obtenção de nutrientes indispensáveis para o seu crescimento e indutores de respostas contra patógenos e estresses abióticos. É de comum acordo que a sustentabilidade se tornou uma obrigatoriedade para o desenvolvimento e integralização da sociedade, principalmente na agricultura que é uma atividade indispensável e que pode acarretar danos severos ao meio ambiente quando praticada inconsequentemente. A cultura do morango é um exemplo, o estado de Minas Gerais lidera a produção nacional com 2,8 mil ha cultivados e que essencialmente necessitam de alternativas ecologicamente viáveis para sua manutenção. Objetivo: Sendo assim, o presente trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de revisar a literatura e proporcionar um breve estudo de caso sobre as pesquisas acerca de microrganismos promotores de crescimento aplicados à cultura do morango, apontando quais vem sendo estudados e como podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento e produção. Material e Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas em diversas plataformas de pesquisa, o critério adotado foi o termo “strawberry inoculation” como palavra chave assim recorrendo a trabalhos relevantes que contemplassem o caráter descritivo e científico da aplicação de inóculos bacterianos e fúngicos em cultivares de morango. Resultados: Os trabalhos revisados evidenciaram o benefício que os microrganismos acarretam na obtenção de nutrientes como P, K, Ca e Fe, seja com sua acumulação no solo ou nos tecidos foliares (Bacillus sp.e Aspergillus sp.), também possibilitando na redução da adubação nitrogenada e incremento do tamanho e matéria seca da raiz (Azospirillum brasiliense). Respostas na indução de tolerância a seca são promovidas (Glomus mosseae), como também o biocontrole do fungo necrotrófico Botrytis cinerea (várias espécies de Bacillus sp.). Melhoras na qualidade dos frutos também são proporcionados como aumento de compostos flavonóides e fenólicos (Glomus intraradices) e o aumento dos açúcares, antocianinas, modulação do pH, ácido málico e compostos voláteis (Pseudomonas sp.+ Funneliformis mosseae, Septoglomus viscosum, Rhizophagus irregulares. Conclusão: Visto o atual advento na produção de inoculantes de natureza biológica este estudo expõe diversos trabalhos que podem contribuir como inspiração tecno científica para a elaboração de novas pesquisas e produtos, além de contribuir na disseminação de conhecimentos sobre microbiologia e sustentabilidade agrícola.

scholarly journals Screening and Potential Uses of Contaminated Spent Mushroom (Pleurotus spp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathipriya Shanmugavelu ◽  
Ganesan Sevugaperumal
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The commercial production of mushrooms generates a co-product, a virtually inexhaustible supply of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). It represents an ideal growth medium for plants and plant disease suppressive quality. Here we discussed about the contaminated microbial flora of SMS, potential antifungal and plant growth promoting activities, the results of these findings were also discussed in relation to the usage of SMS as a potential product for organic farming. SMS contained moisture content 72%, EC 1.75 mmho.cm−1 and had pH of 6.1. The cellulose and hemicellulose content of paddy straw substrate were 30.25%, 23.18% and 15.31% dry weight respectively. Growth in terms of root and shoot weight of the seedlings of green gram, black gram, tomato and chili were significantly higher when grown in 60% SMS amended soil. Spent mushroom compost from Pleurotus eous used in this study harbored bacterial population including, Bacillus sp., Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas sp. and E. coli. Bacterial isolate B1 was identified as Bacillus sp., isolate B2 was identified as Clostridium sp., isolate B3 as Pseudomonas sp. and B4 as Escherichia coli. These bacterial strains showed significant antagonistic activity against soil borne pathogenic fungi viz., Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Phytophthora sp. and Aspergillus sp.

Enhanced Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Subspecies kurstaki and aizawai to Black Cutworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) With Bacillus sp. NFD2 and Pseudomonas sp. FNFD1

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer A. Mashtoly ◽  
Assem Abolmaaty ◽  
Mohamed El-Said El-Zemaity ◽  
Mohamed I. Hussien ◽  
Steven R. Alm
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals Sorção de cobre e manganês por bactérias rizosféricas do trigo

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Voss ◽  
Robert Wayne Stefen Phillip Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp

A bioacumulação de metais por microrganismos se deve principalmente a fenômenos de superfície, ocorrendo adsorção, de forma estequiométrica, com os radicais aniônicos dos envoltórios celulares, seguido ou não de precipitação dos metais. Para estudar condicionantes da sorção de metais por bactérias vivas, quantificou-se o Cu2+ e Mn2+ retirados por um Bacillus sp. e uma Pseudomonas sp., isolados da rizosfera de trigo, de uma solução de cloreto dos metais, determinando-se a quantidade de metal restante no sobrenadante, após centrifugação. Usou-se delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Ensaiaram-se efeito dos teores de Cu2+ e Mn2+, do pH e do tempo de crescimento bacteriano. O Bacillus sorveu mais Cu2+ e Mn2+ do que Pseudomonas. em todas as concentrações desses metais. A sorção de Cu2+ por ambas as bactérias apresentou maiores incrementos do que Mn2+ com aumento dos teores desses metais na solução. A alteração do pH 5,0 para 3,0 diminuiu a sorção dos dois metais. Com o tempo de cultivo de 90 horas a Pseudomonas apresentou maior sorção de cobre e de manganês do que no tempo de 16 horas. Os resultados obtidos assemelham-se aos fenômenos de troca de cátions em colóides.

scholarly journals Enzimas na alimentação de suínos

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Antonio Tenorio Fireman ◽  
Alba Kyonara Barbosa Alves Tenório Fireman
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Enzimas são proteínas globulares de estrutura terciária ou quaternária que agem como catalisadores bilógicos e estão envolvidas em todos os processos do metabolismo animal. As enzimas comercialmente produzidas são provenientes, geralmente, de bactérias do gênero Bacillus sp ou fungos do gênero Aspergillus sp. Os efeitos benéficos de sua utilização na alimentação de suínos têm sido observados por pesquisadores de todo o mundo. Este artigo objetiva abordar os efeitos do uso de enzimas em vários aspectos da nutrição de suínos.

scholarly journals Characterization and Lipolytic Activity of Bacteria Isolates from Freshwater Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Opara C N ◽  
◽  
Anumudu C K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Freshwater Clam

Lipases form an important group of relevant enzymes which have applications in various fields including; food, pharmaceutical, detergent, textile and cosmetic industries. Lipases can be produced from diverse sources including microorganisms. This study evaluated the potential of bacteria isolates from fresh-water clam Mercenaria Mercenaria to produce lipolytic enzymes. Ten samples of Clam (Mercenaria Mercenaria) were screened for the presence of lipase producing bacteria using classical culture methods. Eleven bacteria species were obtained, of which six (Actinomyces sp., E. coli, Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Clostridium sp. and Klebsiella sp.) produced lipases that had lipolytic activity in breaking down olive oil used in media supplementation. The best culture media and conditions for optimal production of lipases was studied and it was shown that supplementation of growth media with 2% dextrose at neutral pH gave the greatest yield of lipases when lipase producing isolates were grown in shake flasks. Measurement of biomass by culture and turbidimetric methods indicates that the highest cell mass was recorded by Pseudomonas sp at 7.8 x 105 CFU/ml, closely followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp., at 6.2 x 105 CFU/ml and 5.3 x 105 respectively. The produced lipases were partially purified by precipitating with ammonium sulphate followed by dialysis. The total protein content of produced lipases was evaluated by the Lowry’s method, showing that estimated protein content followed the same trend as cell biomass with the highest recorded by Pseudomonas sp. at 1.53mg/ml, followed by Actinomyces sp. and Bacillus sp. at 1.47mg/ml and 1.32mg/ml respectively. The results obtained in this study shows that isolates obtained from freshwater clam can produce potent lipases which can be employed for industrial, food and other diverse uses

scholarly journals Skrining Dan Seleksi Bakteri Simbion Spons Penghasil Enzim Ekstraseluler Sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Bahan Organik Dan Biokontrol Vibriosis Pada Budidaya Udang

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilis Arii Setyati ◽  
Ahmad Saddam Habibi ◽  
Subagiyo Subagiyo ◽  
Ali Ridlo ◽  
Nirwani S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Pesatnya kegiatan budidaya perikanan dengan penerapan sistem intensif dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, telah memunculkan permasalahan berupa penurunan daya dukung tambak bagi kehidupan organisme budidaya. Dampak lanjut yang ditimbulkan adalah terjadinya serangkaian penyakit dan kerusakan kondisi lingkungan. Langkah antisipatif melalui penerapan bioremediasi merupakan solusi untuk mencegah kerusakan yang lebih serius. Dalam proses bioremediasi, enzim memainkan peran katalis yang mempercepat reaksi biokimia di kolam tanah dan air. Bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons memiliki beragam senyawa bioaktif yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah isolasi dan skrining bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons yang memiliki aktivitas enzim ekstraseluler (proteolitik, amilolitik, selulolitik, dan lipolitik) dan aktivitas antibakteri, serta mengetahui interaksi sifat antagonisme antar isolat terbaik, dan identifikasi spesies bakteri secara fenotipik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 4 tahap: koleksi sampel, isolasi, seleksi, dan identifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total bakteri simbion spons yang diperoleh 15 isolat dengan potensi 15 isolat proteolitik, 12 isolat amilolitik, 12 isolat lipolitik, dan 4 isolat selulolitik. Terdapat 10 isolat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio harveyi dan 2 isolat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Vibrio alginolyticus. Isolat bakteri terbaik SP.1.3, SP.5.1, dan SP.5.3 tidak memiliki aktivitas saling antagonis antar ketiganya. Identifikasi fenotipik dari 3 isolat diduga bahwa isolat SP.1.3, SP.5.1, dan SP.5.2 diidentifikasi sebagai Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp., dan Pseudomonas sp. Kata kunci:  Bakteri simbion spons, enzim ekstraseluler, bioremediasi, vibriosis

scholarly journals Saprophytic microorganisms with potential for biological control of Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Beasley ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
L. M. Coates ◽  
A. H. Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Saprophytic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated from Geraldton waxflower flowers and screened to identify potential antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea. Isolates from other sources (e.g. avocado) were also tested. Isolates were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The most antagonistic bacteria, yeasts and fungi were selected for further testing on detached waxflower flowers. Conidia of the pathogen were mixed with conidia or cells of the selected antagonists, co-inoculated onto waxflower flowers, and the flowers were sealed in glass jars and incubated at 20˚C. The number of days required for the pathogen to cause flower abscission was determined. The most antagonistic bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas sp. 677, significantly reduced conidial germination and retarded germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. None of the yeast or fungal isolates tested was found to significantly reduce conidial germination or retard germ tube elongation, but several significantly inhibited growth of B. cinerea. Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most antagonistic of these isolates. Of the isolates tested on waxflower, Pseudomonas sp. 677 was highly antagonistic towards B. cinerea and delayed waxflower abscission by about 3 days. Trichoderma harzianum also significantly delayed flower abscission. However, as with most of the fungal antagonists used, inoculation of waxflower flowers with this isolate resulted in unsightly mycelial growth.

scholarly journals Studies on decolorization of textile dye by using Pseudomonas and bacillus sp from the contaminated effluent soil samples of Kovilpatti, Thoothukudi district of Tamil Nadu

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannan D ◽  
Renuga Devi ◽  
A. G. Murugesan ◽  
S. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Textile Dye ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Source Of Pollution

Textile industries releasing large amount of effluent which contains textile dyes and toxic chemicals and it is one of the major source of pollution also contaminating water bodies. To remove that, bacteria have been of great attention because of their ability to treat effluent. The present study was undertaken to exploit the ability of Pseudomonassp and Bacillus sp from dye contaminated soil samples for bioremediation for dye effluent. Among the bacterial strains used in the study. Pseudomonas sp emerged out to be most potent decolorizer in comparison to Bacillus sp with the degree of decolorization of 90.0 %. Thus, it was concluded that the Pseudomonas sp had highest color removing capacity from contaminated effluent soil samples. 

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO IN VITRO DE FUNGOS ENDOFÍTICOS PARA O CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO DE Botrytis cinerea EM Eucalyptus benthamii

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Sbravatti Junior ◽  
Celso Garcia Auer ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel ◽  
Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos ◽  
Bruno Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Foliar Pathogens

   O Eucalyptus benthamii é uma das principais espécies de eucalipto plantadas na região Sul do Brasil, por sua resistência a geadas e por seu uso na produção florestal de madeira para fins energéticos. Na produção de mudas, uma das principais doenças ocorrentes em viveiros é o mofo-cinzento, causado pelo fungo Botrytis cinerea. Uma das alternativas para o controle dessa doença é o controle biológico com fungos endofíticos, os quais podem competir com os patógenos foliares de mudas de eucalipto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar os fungos endofíticos provenientes de mudas de E. benthamii, identificá-los e selecioná-los para o controle de B. cinerea. Eles foram isolados do interior de tecidos vegetais desinfectados, identificados de acordo com critérios macro e micromorfológicos e classificados a partir de testes de controle biológico in vitro. Os resultados evidenciaram o potencial antagonista dos fungos Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. e Trichoderma sp. Nenhum desses fungos causou lesões em mudas de E. benthamii.Palavras-chave: Mofo-cinzento; eucalipto; viveiro.AbstractIn vitro selection of endophytes for biological control of Botrytis cinerea in Eucalyptus benthamii. Eucalyptus benthamii is one of the main eucalypt species planted in Southern Brazil, due to its resistance to frost and its use in the production of forest wood for energy purposes. During the production of seedlings, the main disease occurring in forest nurseries is gray-mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. One alternative for control this disease is biological control with fungal endophytes, which can compete with the foliar pathogens of eucalypt seedlings. The objective of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi from seedlings of Eucalyptus benthamii, identify and select them for B. cinerea control. These were isolated from the interior of disinfected plant tissues, identified according to macro and micromorphological criteria, and based on tests of biological control in vitro. The results revealed the potential antagonist of Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Trichoderma sp. No fungi caused lesions in E. benthamii seedlings.Keywords: Gray-mold; eucalypt; nursery.    

scholarly journals The effect of inoculation of pea plants with mycorrhizal fungi and Rhizobium on nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Geneva ◽  
G. Zehirov ◽  
E. Djonova ◽  
N. Kaloyanova ◽  
G. Georgiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Fixation Activity

The study evaluated the response of pea (Pisum sativum cv. Avola) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) species Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices and Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae, strain D 293, regarding the growth, photosynthesis, nodulation and nitrogen fixation activity. Pea plants were grown in a glasshouse until the flowering stage (35 days), in 4 kg plastic pots using leached cinnamonic forest soil (Chromic Luvisols – FAO) at P levels 13.2 (P1) and 39.8 (P2) mg P/kg soil. The obtained results demonstrated that the dual inoculation of pea plants significantly increased the plant biomass, photosynthetic rate, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation activity in comparison with single inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae strain D 293. On the other hand, coinoculation significantly increased the total phosphorus content in plant tissue, acid phosphatase activity and percentage of root colonization. The effectiveness of coinoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum and Glomus mosseae was higher at the low phosphorus level while the coinoculation with Glomus intraradices appeared to be the most effective at higher phosphorus level.

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