Nietzsche tegenover Schmitt : Het agonale tegenover het politieke denken

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-234
Author(s):  
Vincent Seminck
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Carl Schmitt ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
The Social ◽  
Productive Struggle ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Nietzsche versus Schmitt. Agonal versus political thinkingThis article concerns the reception of Friedrich Nietzsche by Carl Schmitt with regard to the concept of the agon. In the 1933 edition of Der Begriff des Politischen Schmitt states that there is a ‘great metaphysical opposition’ (große metaphysische Gegensatz) between his political thinking and agonal thinking, the latter of which is associated with Nietzscheans like Alfred Baeumler and Ernst Jünger. It is argued that this metaphysical opposition is best explained in light of Schmitt’s intellectual development from decisionist to concrete order thinker. Moreover, it is argued that the reception of Nietzsche’s concept of the agon by Schmitt took place through Baeumler. Nietzsche’s concept of the agon is best described as a measured productive struggle between opponents who are approximately equal to each other. In the reception of Nietzsche’s concept of the agon a shift of focus occurs from a struggle between individuals to a struggle between collectives. At the same time the social character of the agon is lost, which was expressed in the thought that the individual could only develop his talents in a struggle with others.

scholarly journals An Improved Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization with the Social Character of PSO for Global Optimization

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zou ◽  
Debao Chen ◽  
Jiangtao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Global Solutions ◽  
Function Optimization ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Social Character ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teaching Learning Based Optimization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Teaching Learning

An improved teaching-learning-based optimization with combining of the social character of PSO (TLBO-PSO), which is considering the teacher’s behavior influence on the students and the mean grade of the class, is proposed in the paper to find the global solutions of function optimization problems. In this method, the teacher phase of TLBO is modified; the new position of the individual is determined by the old position, the mean position, and the best position of current generation. The method overcomes disadvantage that the evolution of the original TLBO might stop when the mean position of students equals the position of the teacher. To decrease the computation cost of the algorithm, the process of removing the duplicate individual in original TLBO is not adopted in the improved algorithm. Moreover, the probability of local convergence of the improved method is decreased by the mutation operator. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on some benchmark functions, and the results are competitive with respect to some other methods.

The Staged Nature of Decision Making among Senior Tourists

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Nicolau ◽  
Nieves Losada ◽  
Elisa Alén ◽  
Trinidad Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Decision Stage ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

This article builds on the idea that senior tourists’ decision making is a staged process in which the different choices are sequential, interrelated, and interdependent. These decisions are “whether to take a vacation," “whether to opt for an international trip," “whether to use an organized tour," and “whether to use publicly subsidized travel.” Considering the social character of many trips offered to seniors, the fourth decision of the proposed process makes it unique. No research has empirically considered using a staged decision making in the context of senior travelers, and the proposed model quantifies the effect of each variable based on the decision the individual is dealing with; also, the way a variable changes its effect even within the same decision stage depending on the individual is analyzed by including heterogeneity into the modeling. The results find that senior tourists follow the proposed four-staged decision-making process rather than the basic two-stage decision-making process.

Language and language disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Ramona Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorders ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
The Individual

Language is an individual phenomenon of a physiological and psychological nature, conditioned, of course, by the social existence of the individual. Both the lexical, semantic, and grammatical sides are accomplished through all the activities and factors adjacent to the instructive-educational process. Both language and speech have a social character, especially as in the process of communication, speech takes on an individual form. Language requires speech and vice versa. The process of speech has a social basis, because it primarily targets the inter-human understanding. The problem of functions is of the utmost importance in defining the essence of the language. The main and specific function of the language, its destination in society is to serve as a means of communication. Language disorders include various forms of manifestation, such as language disorders affecting pronunciation, speech rhythm and fluency, speech retardation disorders, polymorphic disorders (with neurological substrate), written-to-read language abnormalities. Proper pronunciation of sounds can be obtained when children are offered irreproachable speech patterns, accompanied by verbal explanations of how speech organs are used, how each sound is emitted. Through slow and precise articulation movements, children will succeed on the basis of imitation and explanation to gain a correct pronunciation. Keywords: language, pronunciation, language disorders, communication;

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL NATURE OF QUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1735-1739
Author(s):  
Darina Mineva
Keyword(s):  
Social Aspect ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Consumer Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Individual

The article examines aspects of the quality of products and services, defines its social character and the factors that determine it. Three factors form the social character of the quality of products and services: the needs of society and individuals; market relations; the insurance of consumers against risks (health insurance and insurance).The question of the difference between consumer value and utility value and value and value is fundamental to determining the social quality of the quality. User value and utility are the two aspects of quality. Your quality is in the product or service. Consumer value is a property and value is a public property. It reflects the public nature of the work of the commodities producers through the exchange of the market. The basis of this exchange is the merciful value of the commodity.The social nature of the quality of products and services is "the commitment of producers to the needs of society and the individual", irrespective of the type of production. The social aspect is at the heart of all other aspects. Therefore, when assessing the quality of a hospital, we are actually evaluating not so much the organization itself but its commitment to the health of society.

Friendship, politics, and Augustine's consolidation of the self

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-146
Author(s):  
FRANK VANDER VALK
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Political ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Political Thinking ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFriendship plays a central role in Augustine's thought. It also played a crucial role in structuring the political and social world of the ancient Greeks. Augustine's treatment of friendship, especially in his Confessions, retains some of the terminology that was central to the Greek account, but it simultaneously transforms friendship, and with it the relationship between individual and community. Augustine's formulation of the inner life is reflected in his transformation of friendship, which loses its inherently social character and political dimension even as it sets the stage for the introduction of political thinking based on the primacy of the individual.

scholarly journals Social Character: Issues of Methodology and Research Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 545-553
Author(s):  
Guzelia Raufovna Asadullina ◽  
Natalya Vladimirovna Korovkina ◽  
Evellina Vinerovna Sadretdinova ◽  
Rafael Shaykhislamov Badretdinovich ◽  
Nursafa Gafurovna Hajrullina
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual

This article analyzes the methodological issues of the study of the phenomenon of social character. Social character is considered not as a typical (modal) individual character in society. As a systemic formation of social interactions, social character has non-additive (emergent) properties. Both individuals and various social communities are subjects of social character. At the individual level, social character is manifested as typical behavior traits in the process of communicating with different social groups. At the level of interpersonal, intergroup and mass communication, social character is a typical form of social interaction. Social character is the result of the mutual influence of subjects on individual behavior in the form of persuasion, suggestion, imitation and infection. The article analyzes the methods of measuring social character. It presents a test developed by one of the authors (R. B Shaikhislamov) to measure the degree of inner-, tradition- and other-directedness (according to D. Riesman’ stypology). The results of the measurement of social character in the course of interviewing residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2015-2016 are presented. The authors come to the conclusion about the need for a comprehensive study of social character. The following problems are of great scientific interest. What are the emergent properties of social character in stable and unstable social situations? What are the trends of changes in the social character of Russians in the post-Soviet era? How significant are the differences in the social character of different generations, ethnic groups, residents of megacities, other cities and villages? We note that it is necessary to develop a system of indicators to measure social character. In addition to such indicators as inner-, tradition- and other-directedness, it is necessary to measure social character by such variables as "dominance – subordination", "productivity – non-productivity", "responsibility – irresponsibility", "cooperation – isolation", "trust – distrust", "Conformity – Innovation – Ritualism – Retreatism – Rebellion".

Liberté d'opinion et limite normative dans une représentation sociale: le développement de l'intelligence 1Ce texte reprend l'essentiel d'un exposé présenté en juin 1998 à la Faculté de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'Education de Genève, à l'occasion de la collation du Doctorat Honoris Causa de l'Université de Genève à l'auteur.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Flament
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

This paper is concerned by a possible articulation between the diversity of individual opinions and the existence of consensus in social representations. It postulates the existence of consensual normative boundaries framing the individual opinions. A study by questionnaire about the social representations of the development of intelligence gives support to this notion.

A Moment to Come Together: Personal Reflections on Trayvon Martin

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Roxanne Christensen ◽  
LaSonia Barlow ◽  
Demetrius E. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Professional Psychology ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Professional Responses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
Unique Individual

Three personal reflections provided by doctoral students of the Michigan School of Professional Psychology (Farmington Hills, Michigan) address identification of individual perspectives on the tragic events surrounding Trayvon Martin’s death. The historical ramifications of a culture-in-context and the way civil rights, racism, and community traumatization play a role in the social construction of criminals are explored. A justice orientation is applied to both the community and the individual via internal reflection about the unique individual and collective roles social justice plays in the outcome of these events. Finally, the personal and professional responses of a practitioner who is also a mother of minority young men brings to light the need to educate against stereotypes, assist a community to heal, and simultaneously manage the direct effects of such events on youth in society. In all three essays, common themes of community and growth are addressed from varying viewpoints. As worlds collided, a historical division has given rise to a present unity geared toward breaking the cycle of violence and trauma. The authors plead that if there is no other service in the name of this tragedy, let it at least contribute to the actualization of a society toward growth and healing.

Late Antique Letter Collections

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
The Social ◽  
Letter Writer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Letter Collection ◽  
Latin Letter

This volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the extant Greek and Latin letter collections of late antiquity (ca. 300-600 C.E.). Bringing together an international team of historians, classicists, and scholars of religion, it illustrates how letter collections advertised an image of the letter writer and introduces the social and textual histories of each collection. Nearly every chapter focuses on the letter collection of a different late ancient author—from the famous (or even infamous) to the obscure—and investigates its particular issues of content, arrangement, and publication context. On the whole, the volume reveals how late antique letter collections operated as a discrete literary genre with its own conventions, transmission processes, and self-presentational agendas while offering new approaches to interpret both larger letter collections and the individual letters contained within them. Each chapter contributes to a broad argument that scholars should read letter collections as they do representatives of other late antique literary genres, as single texts made up of individual components, with larger thematic and literary characteristics that are as important as those of their component parts.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ СУПРОВІД СТАНОВЛЕННЯ УСПІШНОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ У ПРОФЕСІЙНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ В УМОВАХ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ТА ОСВІТНІХ РЕФОРМ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Олена Горова
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Професійне   становлення   особистості   супроводжує   всі   етапи  соціально-вікового   розвитку  особистості.  Трудова  діяльність  є  основним  видом  суспільної  активності,  який  дозволяє  працівнику  задовольняти  основні  потреби,  особливо  у  процесі  постійних  соціальних,  освітніх  реформ.  Важливим  завданням психологічного супроводу працівника у процесі виконання професійної діяльності є забезпечення  сприятливих  умов  формування  професійно  важливих  якостей.  Соціальна  успішність  є  результатом  ефективного  розв’язання  виробничих  завдань, які  мають  суспільно корисну  важливість  та  пов’язані  з  потребами інших людей. Якісний прогресивний розвиток працівника можливий лише за умови збереження  стійкого  позитивного  ставлення  до  професії.  Позитивна  професійна  самоідентифікація  пов’язана  з  ототожненням  та  персоналізацією  працівником  особистісних  рис  працівників,  які  досягли  успіху  у  професії,  мають  суспільно  визнані  результати  діяльності.  Таким  чином,  професійна  успішність  як  суб’єктне  новоутворення  у  якості  відчуття  гордості  за  власні  результати  діяльності  забезпечує  реалізацію традиції наставництва і  передачі позитивного професійного досвіду.    Професійно  успішний  працівник  усвідомлює  необхідність  та  важливість  результатів  своєї  діяльності  для  інших,  що  вимагає,  відповідно,  від  соціального  середовища  усвідомлення  необхідності  визнання  результатів  діяльності  фахівців.  Знехтуваний  суспільством  працівник,  або  той,  результати  діяльності  якого  позиціонуються  як  меншовартісні,  дистанціюється  від  професії  та  має  негативний  потенціал розвитку. Professional formation of the person accompanies all phases of social and age of the individual. Gainful  employment is the main form of social activity that allows the employee to realize the basic needs. An important task  of psychological support worker in the course of professional activity is to provide favorable conditions for the  formation  of  professionally  important  qualities.  Professional  success  is  the  result  of  an  effective  solution  of  industrial jobs that are socially useful and important related to the needs of others. High-quality progressive  development of an employee is only possible while maintaining a stable positive attitude towards the profession.  Positive  professional  identity  associated  with  the  identification  and  personalization  of  employee  personality traits of employees who have been successful in the profession, who have publicly acknowledged  performance. Thus professional success as the subjective feeling of a lump in the pride of their own results of  operations  ensures  the  implementation  of  the  tradition  of  mentoring  and  of  positive  transfer  of  professional  experience.  Professionally successful employees aware of the need and the importance of the results of its operations  for the other, which requires, respectively, from the social environment - awareness of the need to recognize the  performance of specialists. Unclaimed society worker, or the results of operations, which are positioned as less  important, is moving away from the profession and has a negative potential. 

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