De invloed van startmotieven op de financiële situatie en arbeidstevredenheid van zzp'ersDit onderzoek werd gefinancierd door de Hans-Böckler-Stiftung onder subsidie 'Self-employed without personnel: between freedom and insecurity'.

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieteke Conen ◽  
Joop Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
The Self ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Impact

The impact of motives on the financial situation and job satisfaction of the solo self-employed This study examines to the extent to which Dutch men and women differ in their motives to become solo self-employed and how various types of motives play a role in explaining financial and non-financial returns to solo self-employment. We analyzed data from comparative surveys carried out among 781 Dutch solo self-employed persons. The results show that, for a majority of the Dutch solo self-employed, so-called pull factors (like looking for a new challenge or more autonomy) play an important role, whereas for about a quarter of respondents push factors (like not being able to find a job as an employee) play an important role. Women relatively often indicate that the combination of work and family plays a role; for men necessity-driven motives more often played a role when becoming solo self-employed. The analyses show that the self-employed who start their business from push motives are not only less successful in running their businesses, but also more likely to live in households running a deficit and are less satisfied with their jobs. We conclude that the relationships between motives and the benefits of solo self-employment deserve more attention from economic and social policy makers – especially if push as well as pull factors are increasingly encouraging an inflow into solo self-employment.

Trends in Female Workers’ Childbearing Intentions in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Jee-Seon Yi ◽  
Hye-Sun Jung ◽  
Hyeoneui Kim ◽  
Eun-Ok Im
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Childbearing Intentions ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Work And Family Roles ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to analyze trends of South Korean working women’s childbearing intentions to provide directions for strategies to increase South Korea’s birth rate. This study used the data generated by the Korean Longitudinal Panel Survey of Women and Families in South Korea from 2007 to 2016, and included 2,341 working women. This study showed that female workers’ intention to bear children is decreasing. In 2007, age and the number of children were considered in predicting the characteristics of those with childbearing intentions. In 2016, the provision of maternity leave at work, job satisfaction regarding relationships and communication, and work-family conflicts were added. When identifying the factors by category, the impact level of occupational factors increased, although the impact level of individual factors decreased. There should be a balance between work and family roles, and employers should provide ample maternity leave and promote an organizational culture that supports job satisfaction.

Mind the gaps: Universal Credit and self-employment in the United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Kevin Caraher ◽  
Enrico Reuter
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The Self ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

Self-employment in the United Kingdom rose steadily until 2017, as part of wider changes in labour markets towards more flexible and potentially more vulnerable forms of employment. At the same time, welfare reform has continued under the current and previous governments, with a further expansion of conditionality with respect to benefit recipients. The incremental introduction of Universal Credit is likely to intensify the subjection of vulnerable categories of the self-employed to welfare conditionalities and to thus accentuate the ambivalent nature of self-employment. This article analyses the impact of Universal Credit on the self-employed by first discussing elements of precarity faced by the self-employed, and, second, by exploring the consequences of the roll-out of Universal Credit for those self-employed people who are reliant on the social protection system.

scholarly journals How does mode of travel affect risks posed to other road users? An analysis of English road fatality data, incorporating gender and road type

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2019-043534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Aldred ◽  
Rob Johnson ◽  
Christopher Jackson ◽  
James Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Road Fatality ◽  
Road Type ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundMost analysis of road injuries examines the risk experienced by people using different modes of transport, for instance, pedestrian fatalities per-head or per-km. A small but growing field analyses the impact that the use of different transport modes has on other road users, for instance, injuries to others per-km driven.MethodsThis paper moves the analysis of risk posed to others forward by comparing six different vehicular modes, separating road types (major vs minor roads in urban vs rural settings). The comparison of risk posed by men and women for all these modes is also novel.ResultsPer-vehicle kilometre, buses and lorries pose much the highest risk to others, while cycles pose the lowest. Motorcycles pose a substantially higher per-km risk to others than cars. The fatality risk posed by cars or vans to ORUs per km is higher in rural areas. Risk posed is generally higher on major roads, although not in the case of lorries, suggesting a link to higher speeds. Men pose higher per-km risk to others than women for all modes except buses, as well as being over-represented among users of the most dangerous vehicles.ConclusionsFuture research should examine more settings, adjust for spatial and temporal confounders, or examine how infrastructure or route characteristics affect risk posed to others. Although for most victims the other vehicle involved is a car, results suggest policy-makers should also seek to reduce disproportionate risks posed by the more dangerous vehicles, for instance, by discouraging motorcycling. Finally, given higher risk posed to others by men across five of six modes analysed, policy-makers should consider how to reduce persistent large gender imbalances in jobs involving driving.

A consilience framework: Revealing hidden features of the independent contractor

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tui McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Independent Contractors ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Consumer Data ◽  
Independent Contracting ◽  
Initial Results

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a consilience framework developed and tested to reconcile the varying definitions, methodologies and purposes of the data collected on independent contracting within Australia. The result is a multilayered profile of the self-employed contractor which draws together official labour market statistics, taxation office liabilities and marketing-based consumer data sources. The framework sees independent contractors emerge as a dynamic, entrepreneurial and complex group who defy many of the age, gender and industry stereotypes that law and policy makers confine them to. While these initial results are limited to Australia, the challenge independent contractors present to established systems of legal, social and government regulation are embedded within the wider contexts of self-employment and small business. These contexts are universal and the sooner these challenges are answered, the sooner the opportunities they also present can be realised.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Push and Pull Factors towards Purchase Intention to Shop at Batik Trusmi Cirebon

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-333
Author(s):  
Munawaroh Zainal ◽  
Agatha Wisastra
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Method ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Is Design

This research is design to analyze how the concept of push-and-pull factors positively impact the purchase intention at Batik Trusmi Cirebon. The research models are made to measure the impact between push factors and pull factors towards purchase intention. The research subject in this research is the customers who have shopped at Batik Trusmi Cirebon. 160 respondents are taken as samples and the data have been analyzed with multiple linear regression method. The result shows that push factors and pull factors are positively impact purchase intention. This means, both of the hypothesis are accepted. Batik Trusmi Cirebon could improve their marketing strategy such as promotion and quality consistency in order to attract more customers and other recommendation are made based on this research finding which is concluded in the last chapter.

Modeling the decision-making process of financial path transition from entrepreneur's perspective using a fuzzy cognitive mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anji Benhamed ◽  
Said EL Hajjar ◽  
Fatima Hamad Yaseen ◽  
Noamen Amara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Salary Level ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study explores how entrepreneurs modify their financial path(s) and go beyond job security to attain greater financial freedom. The present work examines the cash-flow quadrant (CFQ) attributes and demonstrates the importance of the push-pull factors for an individual's quadrant transition in achieving financial freedom.Design/methodology/approachA hypothetical model and an abductive approach were used through regression models in a population sample of 260 Bahraini entrepreneurs. Fuzzy participatory cognitive mapping was also used to develop a conceptual model of financial path transition's decision making among entrepreneurs and study the impact of certain push-pull factors on the entrepreneurs' decisions.FindingsThe triangulated study identifies six categories of variables: financial freedom, workplace condition, independence, salary level, family life-building and retirement savings as key pull-push factors that significantly impact financial path transition's decision. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) extends our knowledge of the dynamics of CFQ transitions from a push-pull factor perspective. The results indicate no significant differences between the variables listed in the regression model and the fuzzy cognitive map model. Four categories of pull-push factors appeared as the entrepreneurs' top rankings when ordered by complexity, centrality scores and impact weight. These categories were workplace conditions, financial freedom, independence and salary level. The findings widen the scope of knowledge of each quadrant and rationalize how and why such factors impact quadrant decisions among Bahraini entrepreneurs.Originality/valueMany studies discuss the CFQ model and consider its quadrants a specific method for identifying a unique financial path to generate income. A shifting quadrant occurs when individuals want to change their financial path and move beyond job security to achieve more financial freedom. Although this transition is well-established in the literature, the factors accounting for the individual's transition across quadrants have not received enough attention. This study fills this gap and calls for more in-depth investigations of this area to better understand the dynamics of CFQ transitions from a push-pull factor perspective.

The Self-Employment of Men and Women: What are their Motivations?

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Allen ◽  
William P. Curington
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Employment

scholarly journals Gen Z, Gender, and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1027
Author(s):  
Melissa Deckman ◽  
Jared McDonald ◽  
Stella Rouse ◽  
Mileah Kromer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUsing a national survey of Generation Z conducted in late May 2020, we measure attitudes about the impact of the coronavirus on personal health, financial and job concerns, views about shelter-in-place laws, and 2020 voting intentions. Gen Z women express greater health and economic concerns and support for shelter-in-place measures than their male counterparts, but this gender gap is largely mitigated by party and other covariates. Party also mediates the differences between young male and female voters concerning the influence of the coronavirus on their vote choice in 2020. Notably, women have significantly greater concern about the impact of COVID-19 on their personal financial situation, while Gen Z men express more concern about their personal health amid COVID-19 in more fully specified statistical models. This research contributes to the growing literature that examines not only the sorting effect of party on the gender gap but also how different identities—in this case, generation—can help explain the persistent political divides between men and women.

Informality: does financial development matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Aeggarchat Sirisankanan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Financial development may be an alternative policy for controlling informal employment. However, there is still an ambiguous relationship between financial development and informal employment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial development on informal employment. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on both the occupational choice model and on the concept of financial development and economic growth which can produce either a positive or negative relationship between financial development and informal employment. Consequently, the author formulated empirical specifications and applied an econometric technique to examine the actual relationship. Findings The empirical results indicated that financial development can reduce informal employment. The author also found that the relationship between financial development and informal employment varies, depending on the level of economic growth and development. Research limitations/implications Even though there are many types of informal employment, this paper uses only informal self-employment as a proxy of informal employment. To implement it properly, all types of informal employment should also be examined. Practical implications Becoming informal employment depends on several factors; policy makers for each country should carefully examine the specific relationship between financial development and informal employment for their own country. Social implications The paper presents alternative choices for policy makers to control informal employment by increasing financial development, especially in developing countries. This policy also includes promoting microfinance which will contribute to both formality and increasing the strength of the community. Originality/value From the two possible impacts of financial development on informal employment, this paper affirms that financial development can reduce informal employment.

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