scholarly journals AÇÃO ANTIMICROBIANA DE ÓLEOS DE SEMENTES FRENTE A CEPAS DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitoria Karolini Betim Fieldkircher Caus ◽  
Naiara Vitoria Ferreira Cortes Koprovski ◽  
Cristian Ferreira Corona ◽  
Carla Munique Aparecida Garda ◽  
Dalila Moter Benvegnú

Introdução: O crescente aumento da resistência bacteriana frente a múltiplas drogas se deve ao uso indiscriminado de antibióticos e tem causado preocupações quanto ao tratamento de doenças infecciosas em humanos e animais. Neste sentido, uma das bactérias que merece destaque, por conta de sua resistência a antibióticos, ampla incidência e alto potencial de contágio entre humanos e animais é o Staphylococcus aureus. Diante disso, buscam-se alternativas para o tratamento de doenças de origem infecciosa, as quais sejam eficazes, porém sem aumentar a resistência bacteriana. Deste modo, os óleos vegetais são um exemplo viável, tendo em vista sua disponibilidade, baixo preço e presença de compostos bioativos com efeitos antimicrobianos que não induzem resistência bacteriana. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão da literatura acerca de óleos obtidos a partir de sementes e sua ação antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura por meio do banco de dados Scholar Google, no qual foram selecionados trabalhos entre os anos de 2011 e 2021 com um nº de 31, cujas palavras-chave utilizadas foram: "seed oil", "antimicrobial" e "S. aureus". Resultados: Os métodos mais utilizados para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foram Difusão em poço, Concentração Inibitória Mínima e Concentração Bactericida Mínima. Os óleos encontrados foram os da semente de Azadirachta indica, Laurus nobilis, Linum usitatissimum, Citrus sinensis, Mangifera indica, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum frutescens, Cucurbita moschata, Syagrus coronata, Cucurbita argyrosperma, Hypericum scabrum, entre outros. Em todos os estudos foram verificados efeitos antimicrobianos frente a S. aureus, inclusive alguns relataram tal efeito em cepas resistentes à Meticilina (MRSA), como é o caso dos óleos de Nigella sativa, Myristica fragrans e Syagrus coronata. Além disso, esses efeitos foram atribuídos ao teor de ácidos graxos encontrados nos óleos, compostos esses capazes de interferir na membrana celular bacteriana degenerando-a. Alguns estudos ainda relataram que a atividade antibacteriana dos óleos depende da correlação com a concentração dos principais compostos ativos, indicando a necessidade de isolamento dos mesmos. Conclusão: Os óleos obtidos a partir de sementes demonstram efeitos antimicrobianos apreciáveis e, portanto, estudos farmacológicos são necessários para um melhor entendimento acerca de seu mecanismo de ação.

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
E.I. Oikeh ◽  
F.E. Oviasogie ◽  
E.S. Omoregie

The antibacterial activities of fresh Citrus sinensis seed oil and non-oil  extract are investigated in this study. Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp.) bacterial strains are used in this study and antibacterial activity is estimated using the agar well diffusion method. Zones of inhibition were measured and the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacteriostatic concentrations were determined. The results show that the non-oil extract had better antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli compared to the oil extract (zones of inhibition at 200 μg/ml of 12 mm, 8 mm and 2 mm respectively for the nonoil extract; 4 mm, 6 mm, 0 mm respectively for the seed oil). The seed oil however had better antibacterial activity compared to the non-oil extract in Salmonella spp. (zones of inhibition at 200 μg/ml of 8 mm for the seed oil compared to 4 mm for the non-oil extract). Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed similar susceptibility to both extracts at both concentrations studied (zones of inhibition of 4 mm and 2 mm for both extracts at 200 μg/ml and 100 200 μg/ml respectively). Minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 50 – 100 μg/ml while minimum bacteriostatic concentrations ranged from 100 – 200 μg/ml. We conclude from our findings that both extracts hold promise in the development of antimicrobial therapeutics. Keywords: Citrus sinensis, Antibacterial, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bacteriostatic concentration


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3206
Author(s):  
Lorina I. Badger-Emeka ◽  
Promise Madu Emeka ◽  
Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is detrimental to hospitalized patients. With diminishing choices of antibiotics and the worry about resistance to colistin in synergistic combined therapy, there are suggestions for the use of herbal derivatives. This investigation evaluated the synergistic effects of Nigella sativa (NS) in combination with beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics on extreme drug-resistant (XDR) MRSA isolates. NS concentrations of 10, 7.5, 5.0, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.1 µg/mL, alone and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics, were used to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA isolates by the well diffusion method. Time–kill assays were performed using a spectrophotometer, with time–kill curves plotted and synergism ascertained by the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to gain insight into the mechanism of action of treated groups. Isolates were inhibited by the NS concentrations, with differences in the zones of inhibition being statistically insignificant at p < 0.05. There were statistically significant differences in the time–kill assay for the MRSA isolates. In addition, NS combined with augmentin showed better killing than oxacillin and cefuroxime. The mechanism of action shown by the SEM and TEM results revealed cell wall disruption, which probably created interference that led to bacterial lysis.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Alessandra Marjorie de Oliveira ◽  
Márcia Maria dos Anjos Szczerepa ◽  
Maria Cristina Bronharo Tognim ◽  
Benício Alves de Abreu Filho ◽  
Lúcio Cardozo-Filho ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mindjou ◽  
F. Brahmi ◽  
W. Belkhiri ◽  
N. Adjeroud ◽  
L. Benali ◽  
...  

Cucurbita species are delicious, nutritious, and delightful products. Cucurbita seeds remain in large quantities as a waste product that could be valorized since they are excellent sources of oil. The aim of this study was to compare the seed oil of two Cucurbita species (Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata) harvested in Bejaia (Algeria). The oil quality was evaluated by the determination of some physicochemical parameters, and the content of phenolic compounds. The antiradical capacity of the antioxidants present in the oils was also assessed using two methods. The oil yield was 42.85% and 40.47% from the seeds of Cucurbita pepo and Cucurbita moschata, respectively. The determined physicochemical parameters were close to those defined by the international standards. The phenolic contents of the methanolic extracts of both oils were 5.53 and 4.45 mg GAE/100 g for Cucurbita moschata and Cucurbita pepo, respectively. The best anti-DPPH power was attributed to the oil of Cucurbita moschata (44.7%), while the methanolic extract of the seed oil of Cucurbita pepo showed the highest percentage (41.02%) of the ABTS•+ radical inhibition. By this study we confirmed that the Cucurbita seeds oil are highly nutritious and offer some medicinal benefits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Arnanda Dhafin Rizky ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Parlan Parlan

Saponification tamarind seed oil used potassium hydroxide and acidification with hydrochloric acid is produced fatty acid in the form of soft white solid, has melting point 50-55 degrees celcius. The result of this hydrolysis positive test of unsaturation. It has an acid number of 115.36, saponification number of 114.80, and iodine number of 53.34. The success of hydrolysis of oil into fatty acid is characterized by identification of IR spectra showing O-H vibration with moderate intensity and widening, C=O vibration of carboxylic acid with strong intensity. Fatty acids of tamarind seed have the potential as antibacterial to test bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with diameter respectively 7.31 mm and 7.58 mm. Minyak biji asam jawa yang disaponifikasi menggunakan kalium hidroksida dan pengasaman dengan asam klorida dihasilkan asam lemak berupa padatan lunak berwana putih, memiliki titik lebur 50-55 derajat celcius. hasil hidrolisis ini positif uji ketidakjenuhan, bilangan asam 115,36, bilangan penyabunan 114,80, dan bilangan iod 53,34. Keberhasilan hidrolisis minyak menjadi asam lemak ditandai dari identifikasi spektrum IR yang menunjukkan vibrasi ulur O-H dengan intensitas sedang dan melebar serta vibrasi ulur C=O asam karboksilat dengan intensitas kuat. Asam lemak biji asam jawa berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan zona hambat masing-masing 7,31 mm dan 7,58 mm.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nwozo Sarah O ◽  
Omotayo Opeoluwa O ◽  
Nwawuba Stanley U

Highlighting the nutritional benefit of oil gleaned from the seed of sweet orange Citrus sinensis has become necessary; owing to the fact that the seed is predominantly considered a waste. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the nutritional benefits of oil extracted from the seed of sweet orange Citrus sinensis of the family; Rutaceae, and order; Sapindales. A total of 2.0 kg of coarsely crushed seeds were immersed in 15 liters of n-hexane for 72 hours in batches with intermittent vigorous shaking and the oil was further extracted using a soxhlet extractor. Other procedures for analysis were performed using standard methods. The result revealed that, the anti-nutrients levels were found to be within the safe limit, vitamin and minerals fell within the daily recommended intake limit. The proximate composition of Citrus sinensis seeds oil revealed that the oil contains; Protein 1.560±0.120, Moisture content 4.636±0.153, Fat 89.810±0.282, Ash content 1.776±0.161, Crude fibre 0.619±0.052 and Carbohydrate 1.614±0.036. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of the following fatty acid compounds; Linoleic acid 37.644%, Palmitic acid 28.051%, Isopropyl linoleate 12.699%, Pentadecanoic acid 9.652%, Stearic acid 5.839%, Butyl linoleate 2.867, and Glutaric acid 2.616%. Therefore, indicating that, the oil extracted from sweet orange Citrus sinensis seeds it’s an excellent choice for both nutritional and industrial purposes.


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