scholarly journals Relationship of the fabella with the origins of the plantaris and gastrocnemius lateral head muscles in late-term fetuses: a histological study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe-Wu Jin ◽  
Ji Hyun Kim ◽  
Daisuke Suzuki ◽  
Namiko Sugai ◽  
Gen Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Lateral Head ◽  
Head Muscles

scholarly journals 4. Histological Study on Adenoma-Early Cancer Relationship of the Large Bowel

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344,395
Author(s):  
T. Muto ◽  
K. Matsumaru ◽  
N. Kamiya ◽  
Y. Horie ◽  
K. Ishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Large Bowel ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Revision of the costata-group of Alona s. lato (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) confirms its generic status

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Y. Sinev ◽  
Henri J. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Major Clade ◽  
Trunk Limbs ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basal Spine ◽  
Head Pores ◽  
Lateral Head

By taking Flavalona gen. nov. out of Alona s.l. (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae), the last major clade has now been removed from this polyphyletic assemblage. Flavalona gen. nov. is a monophylum defined by having three, rarely two connected head pores and slit-shaped, rarely rounded lateral head pores. Postabdomen rather long, distally narrowed, with robust marginal denticles and weakly developed lateral fascicles of setules. End-claw weakly curved and with short basal spine. Male postabdomen with gonopores opening at the end of a penis-like outgrowth. Trunk limbs: exopodite of P2 with seta; inner portion of P4 with flaming-torch shaped setae; P5 with filter plate of three setae; P6 a large simple lobe. The relationship of the new genus with other Aloninae remains to be determined. A key to the 11 species of the genus is provided and a discussion of their geographic distribution and habitat type is given.

scholarly journals The relationship of the anterior articular capsule to the adjacent subscapularis: An anatomic and histological study

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Lee ◽  
M.-L. Yeh ◽  
C.-H. Chang ◽  
F.L. Chiang ◽  
C.-K. Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Study ◽  
Articular Capsule ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

On the Head of the Liopelmid Frog, Ascaphus Truei

1943 ◽  
Vol s2-84 (334) ◽  
pp. 105-185
Author(s):  
H. K. PUSEY
Keyword(s):  
Full Agreement ◽  
Ascaphus Truei ◽  
Discoglossus Pictus ◽  
Frog Tadpole ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Auditory Capsule ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
Frog Larva ◽  
Head Muscles

This paper gives the first account of the larval cranial anatomy of either of the genera of Liopelmid frogs. A single, partly grown larva of Ascaphus truei, Stejneger, has been studied in transverse sections and in two-dimensional reconstructions. Its chondrocranium, jaws, gill arches, and head muscles are described and figured. Comparisons are made throughout with similar structures of Urodeles and certain other frogs, particularly Discoglossus pictus and Kana temporaria. A summary of the characters which Ascaphus shares with the Urodeles is given on pp. 175-7 and with Discoglossus on pp. 177-8. The reader is referred to these lists as an important part of this summary. Noble (1931, &c.) considers Ascaphus (with Liopelma) to be one of the two most primitive living frogs. The findings of this paper are in full agreement with this view. Thus larval Ascaphus is shown to be a persistently primitive ‘link-animal’ whose cranial structures, in almost every case, differ from those of other frogs--often radically--and throw much light on the evolution of the modern-type frog tadpole from the unknown (larval) ancestor. Ascaphus is shown to have more characters in common with the Urodeles than any other frog larva yet described. Most of these are probably a simple retention of an ancestral Amphibian plan which led on to the frogs and Urodeles (contrast the writings of Holmgren and Säve-Söderbergh). Others seem to link these two orders even more closely together. Such are: (1) The presence of ‘urobranchial’ prongs on the basibranchial copula and the attachment to them of Subarcuales obliqui and Eecti cervicis muscles; (2) the presence of a pair of Branchio-hyoideus externus muscles and other similarities of the musculature. The relationship of Ascaphus to the Gymnophiona is far less marked. Ascaphus, however, has remained more primitive than the present-day Urodeles by retaining: (1) a? Vth gill bar, with its Subarcualis rectus and S. obliquus muscles, and (2) four pairs of S. obliqui muscles instead of two. In these points it is, in fact, the most primitive living tetrapod. Ascaphus is, however, somewhat specialized in relation to a sucker mechanism and to a peculiar method of larval progression which it employs. These have led to an exaggerated autostyly of the palatoquadrate which has developed an additional fusion to the anterior tip of the auditory capsule; to a rigid fusion of the central part of the supra-rostral system to the skull; to the general heavy build of the head cartilages and to the great size of several of the mandibular and hyoid muscles; to a general consolidation and widening of parts of the hyobranchial apparatus; to a widening of the posterior jaw cartilages and the development from them of unique posterior spurs. A pre-oral mouth cavity and a long ‘posterior narial tube’ to the inner nostril are also parts of this specialization. Among the frogs Ascaphus is shown to be most nearly related to the Discoglossidae, which appear to have been derived from an ancestor with many Ascaphus-like characters. This is in further agreement with Noble's classification and is particularly true of Discoglossus pictus. Ascaphus is unique among frogs in the posterior position of its splanchnic head structures; see the list on p. 147. A forecast is made of the probable evolution of the moderntype tadpole's jaw system from that of the unknown ancestor and this is diagrammatically summed up in Text-fig. 7, pp. 158-9. Evidence is collected to show that the ‘anterior basal process’ (= commissura quadrato-cranialis anterior) is not an ethmoidal structure by origin, as has been held up to now, and consequently Säve-Söderbergh's use of it to explain an ethmoidal structure in a Stegocephalian Amphibian is criticized. An account of the muscles has been given in summary form on pp. 126 to 146 and cannot be further condensed here. But it may be noted that Edgeworth's theories (1935) of the primitive muscular content of a single branchial segment break down when applied to Ascaphus. It is now probable that a single segment could simultaneously contain a Subarcualis rectus, a S. obliquus, and a Transversus ventralis muscle. Further, Edgeworth's term ‘Transversus ventralis II’ must be changed to ‘S. obliquus II’ in the frogs and his ‘S. rectus IV’ must probably be changed to ‘S. recti IV, III, and II’ in the Urodeles.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

Organization of transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the mammalian cell nucleus

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
D.L. Spector ◽  
S. Huang ◽  
S. Kaurin
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Cell Nucleus ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Splicing Factors ◽  
Interchromatin Granule Clusters ◽  
Interchromatin Granule ◽  
Nuclear Regions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Perichromatin Fibrils

We have been interested in the organization of RNA polymerase II transcription and pre-mRNA splicing within the cell nucleus. Several models have been proposed for the functional organization of RNA within the eukaryotic nucleus and for the relationship of this organization to the distribution of pre-mRNA splicing factors. One model suggests that RNAs which must be spliced are capable of recruiting splicing factors to the sites of transcription from storage and/or reassembly sites. When one examines the organization of splicing factors in the nucleus in comparison to the sites of chromatin it is clear that splicing factors are not localized in coincidence with heterochromatin (Fig. 1). Instead, they are distributed in a speckled pattern which is composed of both perichromatin fibrils and interchromatin granule clusters. The perichromatin fibrils are distributed on the periphery of heterochromatin and on the periphery of interchromatin granule clusters as well as being diffusely distributed throughout the nucleoplasm. These nuclear regions have been previously shown to represent initial sites of incorporation of 3H-uridine.

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