scholarly journals An introduction to computational fluid dynamics based on numerical simulation of pulsatile flow in the left coronary artery

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 366-374
Author(s):  
Jarosław Wasilewski ◽  
Kryspin Mirota ◽  
Sylwia Peryt-Stawiarska ◽  
Andrzej Nowakowski ◽  
Lech Poloński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
Left Coronary Artery

Investigation of Wall Shear Stress Over an Early Atherosclerotic Plaque in the Left Coronary Artery of a Patient by Intravascular Ultrasound and Computational Fluid Dynamics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Suo ◽  
Michael McDaniel ◽  
Saurabh Dhawan ◽  
Habib Samady ◽  
Don Giddens
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Invasive Coronary Angiography ◽  
Local Flow ◽  
Measured Flow

A small isolated region with mild atherosclerotic thickening in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was identified in a relatively young patient using invasive coronary angiography. The left main (LM) coronary artery and LAD were reconstructed based on biplanar angiography images and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). The flow field in the lumen was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with Doppler-measured flow boundary conditions. The results offer insight into the local flow environment in the neighborhood of an early atherosclerotic plaque in a specific human subject under in vivo conditions. The investigation is continuing with other patients who have mild plaques in the left coronary artery in an effort to elucidate in vivo atherogenesis.

Assessing Near-Wall Hemodynamics of Blood Flow in the Left Anterior Descending Segment of the Left Coronary Artery Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Asiruwa ◽  
Aaron M. Propst ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Pulsatile Mass ◽  
Relative Residence Time ◽  
Near Wall

The objective of this study was to computationally investigate the flow mechanics and the near-wall hemodynamics associated with the different take-off angles in the left coronary artery of the human heart. It is hypothesized that increasing the take-off angles of the left coronary artery will significantly increase or decrease the likelihood of plaque (atherosclerosis) buildup in the left coronary artery bifurcations. Specifically, this study quantified the effects of the varying take-off angles on the branches along the left anterior descending (LAD) of the left coronary artery using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The study compared five test cases of the different take off-angles of the left coronary artery (LCA) and four different branch angles between the LAD and the left circumflex (LCx). It also considered the branch angles of the coronary artery downstream the LAD. The LCA inlet boundary conditions was set as a pulsatile mass flow inlet and flow split ratios were set for the outlets boundary conditions. The nature of blood pulsatile flow characteristic was accounted for and the properties of blood which include the density (1,050 kg/m3) and dynamic viscosity (0.0046 Pa-s) were obtained from previous research. The results from the simulations are compared using established scales for the parameters evaluated. The parameters evaluated were: (i) Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI); which quantifies the extent in which the blood flow changes direction during a cardiac cycle (ii) Time Average Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS); which quantifies the average shear stress experienced by the wall of the artery and (iii) Relative Residence Time (RRT); which quantifies how long blood spends in a location along the artery during blood flow. These parameters are used to predict the likelihood of blood clots, atherosclerosis, endothelial damage, plaque formation, and aneurysm in the blood vessels. The data from the simulations were analyzed using functional macros to quantify and generate threshold values for the parameters.

scholarly journals Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of the Effect of Plaques in the Left Coronary Artery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanapong Chaichana ◽  
Zhonghua Sun ◽  
James Jewkes
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

This study was to investigate the hemodynamic effect of simulated plaques in left coronary artery models, which were generated from a sample patient’s data. Plaques were simulated and placed at the left main stem and the left anterior descending (LAD) to produce at least 60% coronary stenosis. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed to simulate realistic physiological conditions that reflect thein vivocardiac hemodynamics, and comparison of wall shear stress (WSS) between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid models was performed. The pressure gradient (PSG) and flow velocities in the left coronary artery were measured and compared in the left coronary models with and without presence of plaques during cardiac cycle. Our results showed that the highest PSG was observed in stenotic regions caused by the plaques. Low flow velocity areas were found at postplaque locations in the left circumflex, LAD, and bifurcation. WSS at the stenotic locations was similar between the non-Newtonian and Newtonian models although some more details were observed with non-Newtonian model. There is a direct correlation between coronary plaques and subsequent hemodynamic changes, based on the simulation of plaques in the realistic coronary models.

scholarly journals Hemodynamics Study of Different Take-Off Angles of the Left Coronary Artery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Asiruwa ◽  
Aaron M. Propst ◽  
Stephen P. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
The Right

Coronary arteries are located on the surface of the heart and supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart. The two coronary arteries located above the aortic arch are the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) and Right Coronary Artery (RCA). The LCA branches into the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and the Left Circumflex (LCx) while the RCA branches into the Right Marginal Artery (RMA) and Post Descending Artery (PDA). The coronary arteries are likened to a complex tube-like structure, and the motion of the heart cause changes in pressure, which allows proper blood circulation during the systolic and diastolic phases [1]. Since it is essential to understand the physiological and hemodynamical behavior of the heart and coronary arteries, numerous studies have been conducted at different artery locations in the heart. Most of the research has focused on the branches between the LAD and LCx, with little or no attention directed towards the take-off angle the LCA makes with the aortic root. Although it has been reported that certain take-off angles of left main (LM) can be considered anomalous, findings have documented that such take off angles can make the artery prone to atherosclerosis and sudanophilia diseases [2]. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has in recent years been used to solve a wide variety of fluid flow challenges, and can be used for this study. The goal of this study is to use CFD techniques to study the hemodynamics of the different take-off angles of the left coronary artery from the aortic root. This will help identify areas in the left coronary artery that could be prone to atherosclerosis buildup.

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