scholarly journals Personality and anxiety disorders: examination of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory in clinical generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Behrooz Afshari
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity

Clinical Management of Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona Vas ◽  
Pooja N Dave
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and anxiety accompanied by associated behavioral disturbances that cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. Anxiety is a complex mood state that involves physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral components. This review describes the five anxiety disorders most commonly diagnosed in adults: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Diagnostic criteria for these disorders are presented along with empirically supported psychological and pharmacologic treatment approaches. Decades of evidence have indicated that for anxiety disorders of mild to moderate severity, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) should be first-line treatment. CBT interventions for anxiety, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure, applied relaxation/breathing retraining, and skills training, are presented with descriptions of how they may be adapted to particular diagnoses, along with data for their efficacy. Data suggest that selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are pharmacologic treatments of choice for anxiety and may be used in combination with CBT for moderate to severe symptoms. d-Cycloserine is an emerging treatment that may enhance outcomes in anxiety disorders by optimizing exposure therapy through the facilitation of fear extinction. This review contains 7 figures, 12 tables, and 105 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder

Clinical Management of Anxiety Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona Vas ◽  
Pooja N Dave
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and anxiety accompanied by associated behavioral disturbances that cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. Anxiety is a complex mood state that involves physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral components. This review describes the five anxiety disorders most commonly diagnosed in adults: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Diagnostic criteria for these disorders are presented along with empirically supported psychological and pharmacologic treatment approaches. Decades of evidence have indicated that for anxiety disorders of mild to moderate severity, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) should be first-line treatment. CBT interventions for anxiety, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure, applied relaxation/breathing retraining, and skills training, are presented with descriptions of how they may be adapted to particular diagnoses, along with data for their efficacy. Data suggest that selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are pharmacologic treatments of choice for anxiety and may be used in combination with CBT for moderate to severe symptoms. d-Cycloserine is an emerging treatment that may enhance outcomes in anxiety disorders by optimizing exposure therapy through the facilitation of fear extinction. This review contains 7 figures, 12 tables, and 105 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder

Anxiety and Other Distressing Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
John C. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Case Examples

This omnibus chapter covers anxiety disorders and other psychiatric disorders that may arise or be aggravated by the pandemic. Some anxiety is of course warranted in the midst of a crisis of ongoing risk and uncertainty; therapist and patient must try to separate appropriate from symptomatic anxiety. The chapter includes a discussion of prior IPT research for these disorders, appropriate IPT adaptations, and extended, detailed case examples illustrating the application of IPT to panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder. It also addresses how the pandemic may trigger or exacerbate other diagnoses for which IPT has shown benefit.

Anxiety disorders in primary care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Dold ◽  
Siegfried Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

Chapter 7 summarizes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and evidence for pharmacological treatment options of generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social anxiety disorder. With regard to the pharmacological management, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) represent the well-established first-line medication for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, and social anxiety disorder. In GAD, also the calcium channel modulator pregabalin can be regarded as evidence-based treatment option. In simple cases of specific phobia, however, the initiation of a pharmacotherapy is not recognized as standard treatment according to international treatment guidelines and psychotherapeutic interventions should be preferred. Besides illustrating the pharmacological treatment options, we described the actualized diagnostic criteria for anxiety disorders established in the newly introduced fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V).

Clinical Management of Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona Vas ◽  
Pooja N Dave
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and anxiety accompanied by associated behavioral disturbances that cause significant impairment in social and occupational functioning. Anxiety is a complex mood state that involves physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral components. This review describes the five anxiety disorders most commonly diagnosed in adults: social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Diagnostic criteria for these disorders are presented along with empirically supported psychological and pharmacologic treatment approaches. Decades of evidence have indicated that for anxiety disorders of mild to moderate severity, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) should be first-line treatment. CBT interventions for anxiety, including psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, exposure, applied relaxation/breathing retraining, and skills training, are presented with descriptions of how they may be adapted to particular diagnoses, along with data for their efficacy. Data suggest that selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are pharmacologic treatments of choice for anxiety and may be used in combination with CBT for moderate to severe symptoms. d-Cycloserine is an emerging treatment that may enhance outcomes in anxiety disorders by optimizing exposure therapy through the facilitation of fear extinction. This review contains 7 figures, 12 tables, and 105 references. Key words: agoraphobia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder

Pharmacological Treatments for Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia, and Social Anxiety Disorder

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Kimmel ◽  
Peter P. Roy-Byrne ◽  
Deborah S. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
First Line

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line pharmacological treatment for panic disorder based on their low rate of side effects, lack of dietary restrictions, and absence of tolerance. SSRIs and venlafaxine are attractive first-line treatments for social anxiety disorder. Pharmacological treatments of choice for generalized anxiety disorder are buspirone and antidepressants, including SSRIs and venlafaxine. Benzodiazepines, although effective for all these disorders, lack efficacy for comorbid depression and carry the risk of physiological dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Their greatest utility seems to be as an initial or adjunctive medication for patients with disabling symptoms requiring rapid relief and for those unable to tolerate other medications. Chronic treatment with benzodiazepines is generally safe and effective but should probably be reserved for patients nonresponsive or intolerant to other agents. Larger trials are necessary to determine whether pharmacological agents might be useful as monotherapies, or adjuncts to exposure psychotherapy, for specific phobia.

scholarly journals Specifically altered brain responses to threat in generalized anxiety disorder relative to social anxiety disorder and panic disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Buff ◽  
Leonie Brinkmann ◽  
Paula Neumeister ◽  
Katharina Feldker ◽  
Carina Heitmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Brain Responses
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