scholarly journals Suspected unexpected and other adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs used as post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection – five-year experience from clinical practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-553
Author(s):  
Justyna D. Kowalska ◽  
Ewa Pietraszkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Firląg-Burkacka ◽  
Andrzej Horban
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and of the HIV Latent Reservoir in HIV Infection

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla M. A. Pinto ◽  
Ana R. M. Carvalho ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu ◽  
Hari M. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Latent Reservoir ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Latently Infected ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

We propose a fractional order model to study the efficacy of the Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) within-host dynamics, in the presence of the HIV latent reservoir. Latent reservoirs harbor infected cells that contain a transcriptionally silent but reactivatable provirus. The latter constitutes a major difficulty to the eradication of HIV in infected patients. PEP is used as a way to prevent HIV infection after a recent possible exposure to HIV. It consists of the in-take of antiretroviral drugs for, usually, 28 days. In this study, we focus on the dosage and dosage intervals of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during PEP and in the role of the latent reservoir in HIV infected patients. We thus simulate the model for immunologically important parameters concerning the drugs and the fraction of latently infected cells. The results may add important information to clinical practice of HIV infected patients.

scholarly journals When effective post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV infection fails – data from clinical practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Justyna D. Kowalska ◽  
Ewa Pietraszkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Firlag-Burkacka ◽  
Andrzej Horban
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Methamphetamine Use among Young Sexual Minority Men: The P18 Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kaplun ◽  
Richard J. Martino ◽  
Kristen D. Krause ◽  
Michael Briganti ◽  
Paul A. D’Avanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Minority Men ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among young sexual minority men (SMM). Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective strategy for individuals who are exposed to HIV, but there is limited research about PEP use among young SMM and its relationship with methamphetamine use. This study analyzes the association between ever PEP use and recent methamphetamine use among young SMM in New York City, using cross-sectional data from the P18 Cohort Study (n = 429). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between methamphetamine use and ever PEP use. Compared with those who had not used methamphetamine in the last 6 months, young SMM who did use methamphetamine were significantly more likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 6.07, 95% CI: 2.10–16.86). Young SMM who had ever used PrEP had 16 times higher odds of ever using PEP (AOR = 16, 95% CI: 7.41–35.95). Those who completed bachelor’s degrees were 61% less likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88). These data suggest that methamphetamine use could increase the risk of HIV infection, highlighting the critical need to target interventions for young SMM who use methamphetamine and are more likely to engage in unprotected intercourse.

scholarly journals Adverse reactions associated with a Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine: a quasi-experimental study

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosuita Fratari Bonito ◽  
Neide Mattar de Oliveira ◽  
Sérgio de Andrade Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group A ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine has been used in South America for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. To determine the frequency of adverse reactions associated with this vaccine compared to a control group a quasi-experimental study was carried out in Uberlândia, Brazil, from May 1997 to April 1998. Victims of bites or other injuries by dogs or other mammals and who received or not post-exposure prophylaxis with Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine were compared as to the occurrence of a list of signs and symptoms. Out of 2,440 victims of bites and other injuries from dogs and other mammals 2,114 participated in the study; 1,004 of them provided follow-up information within 10 to 15 days. Headache and pain at the injection sites were the most commonly found symptoms (125/1,000). No neuroparalytic event was detected. Patients who were given Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine and those who were not had similar incidences of symptoms (risk ratios close to 1). Regarding the occurrence of adverse reactions, Fuenzalida-Palacios rabies vaccine is a valid alternative for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.

POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST HIV INFECTION IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS

The Lancet ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 331 (8583) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Meylan ◽  
P. Francioli ◽  
H. Decrey ◽  
J.Ph. Chave ◽  
M.P. Glauser
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Post-exposure prophylaxis

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Marchina E Van Der Ende ◽  
Rosa M Regez ◽  
Gerrit Schreij ◽  
Jan T M Van Der Meer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Occupational Setting ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The mean risk of acquiring HIV after an occupational exposure, injecting drug use or sexual exposure varies from <0.1 to 3%. A high plasma HIV-RNA of the source increases the risk of each of the exposures. Other factors, such as the volume of the inoculum involved to which the individual was exposed, other sexually transmitted diseases and ruptures of mucous membranes are associated with a higher risk of HIV transmission. Based on the calculated risk, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be recommended. In the Netherlands, prescription of PEP in the occupational setting is a standard procedure and has proved to be feasible. This was associated with a high percentage (62%) of mild and reversible toxicity and a small percentage (2%) of serious adverse events related to antiretroviral drugs, i.e. nephrolithiasis (due to indinavir) and toxic hepatitis (due to nevirapine). In The Netherlands so far no HIV-seroconversions have been recorded after an occupational accident.

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