scholarly journals Structure and function of the epidermal barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis – treatment options. Part one

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagoda Pelc ◽  
Magdalena Czarnecka-Operacz ◽  
Zygmunt Adamski
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
And Function

Basic mechanisms and treatment planning/targets for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Barbara Franke ◽  
Jan K. Buitelaar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Levels

The mechanisms underlying ADHD are complex and can be defined at different levels. Cognitive deficits are often part of the disorder, including problems in executive functioning, reward processing, and timing deficits. Alterations have also been reported in brain structure and function in people with the disorder. ADHD is known to be a highly heritable, multifactorial disorder, in which genetic factors—often in combination with environmental factors—are risk factors for disease onset. Early research at the genetic level has implicated monoaminergic neurotransmission, following the serendipitous finding that methylphenidate, a dopamine and noradrenaline transport inhibitor, treats ADHD symptoms. The current models to explain brain malfunctioning in ADHD indeed centre around these monoamine systems. In addition to dopamine, noradrenaline, and (to a lesser extent) serotonin, also glutamate, histamine, and the nicotinic acetylcholinergic system seem to be involved in ADHD aetiology. In the coming years, genetic research is expected to uncover more of the mechanisms underlying ADHD, hopefully resulting in improved treatment options.

Structure and function of the epidermal barrier

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. S98-S110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Randall Wickett ◽  
Marty O. Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
And Function

Update on the Structure and Function of the Skin Barrier: Atopic Dermatitis as an Exemplar of Clinical Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2S) ◽  
pp. S21-S24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Elias ◽  
Lawrence Eichenfield ◽  
Joseph Fowler ◽  
Paul Horowitz ◽  
Renee McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
And Function

PERSPECTIVE OF PHOTOTHERAPY OF DERMATOSES BY MEANS OF UVB -311 NM

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Tsiskarishvili N. ცისკარიშვილი ნ. ◽  
Katsitadze A. კაციტაძე ა. ◽  
Tsiskarishvili N. ცისკარიშვილი ნ. ◽  
Tsiskarishvili Ts. ცისკარიშვილი ც. ◽  
Chitanava L. ჭითანავა ლ.
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
Narrow Wave ◽  
And Function

The paper presents the modern data concerning the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and its impact on the structure and function of the skin at various dermatoses. The possibilities of non-drug treatment of dermatoses using different UV spectrum are described. Particular attention is paid to the study of the most effective and safe method for treatment by means of narrow-wave phototherapy with a maximum emission at a wavelength of 311 nm (UVB - 311). The results of the comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of PUVA photochemotherapy and phototherapy UVB -311, on examples of some specific nosologic units (psoriasis, parapsoriasis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides, photodermatosis, atopic dermatitis)  are presented. Based on analysed data, authors conclude that UVB -311 nm is an effective, well-tolerated, safe and alternative method for treatment of chronic dermatoses.  The brief review of the available in literature data, allow authors to make conclusion about the possibility of widespread implementation of phototherapy method in practical dermatology.

Clinical Biomechanics: Contributions to the Medical Treatment of Physical Abnormalities

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hamill ◽  
George Gorton ◽  
Peter Masso
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function

Biomechanics is defined as the application of the laws of mechanics to the study or structure and function of movement. It is a relatively new subdiscipline to the domain of kinesiology. Biomechanics was initially closely associated with the study of sports technique. However, over the years, biomechanics has taken on a much more diverse field of study. In this paper, we will describe the contributions that biomechanics has made to the area of clinical biomechanics research in terms of clinical assessment and outcomes and the design of clinical apparatus. The first example examines a clinical assessment of a cerebral palsy child. The goals of such a clinical assessment are 1) to determine the primary problems with the locomotion capabilities of the individual, 2) to recommend treatment options, and 3) to evaluate treatment outcomes. In the second example, a procedure is described for designing braces for scoliosis patients. For this example, a three-dimensional digital twin is developed using a scanning technique. This example illustrates the research conducted on developing a technique to noninvasively and safely determine the torso deformities resulting from scoliosis. While these examples are but two of a wide variety of examples that could be used, they illustrate the contribution of biomechanics to the clinical world.

scholarly journals Metallo-β-Lactamases: Structure, Function, Epidemiology, Treatment Options, and the Development Pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara E. Boyd ◽  
David M. Livermore ◽  
David C. Hooper ◽  
William W. Hope
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Development Pipeline ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Modern medicine is threatened by the global rise of antibiotic resistance, especially among Gram-negative bacteria. Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes are a particular concern and are increasingly disseminated worldwide, though particularly in Asia. Many MBL producers have multiple further drug resistances, leaving few obvious treatment options. Nonetheless, and more encouragingly, MBLs may be less effective agents of carbapenem resistance in vivo, under zinc limitation, than in vitro. Owing to their unique structure and function and their diversity, MBLs pose a particular challenge for drug development. They evade all recently licensed β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, although several stable agents and inhibitor combinations are at various stages in the development pipeline. These potential therapies, along with the epidemiology of producers and current treatment options, are the focus of this review.

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