scholarly journals Activity of antimicrobial peptides and conventional antibiotics against superantigen positive Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Błażewicz ◽  
Maciej Jaśkiewicz ◽  
Lidia Piechowicz ◽  
Damian Neubauer ◽  
Roman J. Nowicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

scholarly journals Lipidation of Temporin-1CEb Derivatives as a Tool for Activity Improvement, Pros and Cons of the Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6679
Author(s):  
Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus ◽  
Emilia Sikorska ◽  
Dariusz Wyrzykowski ◽  
Aleksandra Walewska ◽  
Anna Golda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Biofilm Development

The alarming raise of multi-drug resistance among human microbial pathogens makes the development of novel therapeutics a priority task. In contrast to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), besides evoking a broad spectrum of activity against microorganisms, could offer additional benefits, such as the ability to neutralize toxins, modulate inflammatory response, eradicate bacterial and fungal biofilms or prevent their development. The latter properties are of special interest, as most antibiotics available on the market have limited ability to diffuse through rigid structures of biofilms. Lipidation of AMPs is considered as an effective approach for enhancement of their antimicrobial potential and in vivo stability; however, it could also have undesired impact on selectivity, solubility or the aggregation state of the modified peptides. In the present work, we describe the results of structural modifications of compounds designed based on cationic antimicrobial peptides DK5 and CAR-PEG-DK5, derivatized at their N-terminal part with fatty acids with different lengths of carbon chain. The proposed modifications substantially improved antimicrobial properties of the final compounds and their effectiveness in inhibition of biofilm development as well as eradication of pre-formed 24 h old biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The most active compounds (C5-DK5, C12-DK5 and C12-CAR-PEG-DK5) were also potent against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 strain and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both experimental and in silico methods revealed strong correlation between the length of fatty acid attached to the peptides and their final membranolytic properties, tendency to self-assemble and cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals The Intestinal Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Is Inhibited by Antimicrobial Peptides HBD-2 and HBD-3

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6595
Author(s):  
Alessandra Fusco ◽  
Vittoria Savio ◽  
Debora Stelitano ◽  
Adone Baroni ◽  
Giovanna Donnarumma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background: The intestinal microbiota is a very active microbial community interacting with the host in maintaining homeostasis; it acts in cooperation with intestinal epithelial cells, which protect the host from the external environment by producing a diverse arsenal of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including β-defensins-2 and 3 (HBD-2 and HBD-3), considered among the most studied in this category. However, there are some circumstances in which an alteration of this eubiotic state occurs, with the triggering of dysbiosis. In this condition, the microbiota loses its protective power, leading to the onset of opportunistic infections. In this scenario, the emergence of multi-drug resistant biofilms from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus is very frequent. Methods: We created a Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell line stably transfected with the genes, encoding HBD-2 and HBD-3, in order to evaluate their ability to inhibit the intestinal biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Results: Both HBD-2 and HBD-3 showed anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Conclusions: The exploitation of endogenous antimicrobial peptides as a new anti-biofilm therapy, in isolation or in combination with conventional antibiotics, can be an interesting prospect in the treatment of chronic and multi-drug resistant infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Peptides with Antibacterial Activity against Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains: Classification, Structures, and Mechanisms of Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7927
Author(s):  
Isabella Hernández-Aristizábal ◽  
Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Considerable Morbidity ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

The emergence of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics is of great concern in modern medicine because it renders ineffectiveness of the current empirical antibiotic therapies. Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains represent a serious threat to global health due to their considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need of research and development of new antimicrobial alternatives against these bacteria. In this context, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is considered a promising alternative therapeutic strategy to control resistant strains. Therefore, a wide number of natural, artificial, and synthetic AMPs have been evaluated against VRSA and VISA strains, with great potential for clinical application. In this regard, we aimed to present a comprehensive and systematic review of research findings on AMPs that have shown antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate resistant strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus, discussing their classification and origin, physicochemical and structural characteristics, and possible action mechanisms. This is the first review that includes all peptides that have shown antibacterial activity against VRSA and VISA strains exclusively.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Antibiofilm Activity of Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus by Administration of Antimicrobial Peptides

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
Debarun Dutta ◽  
Mark D. P. Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Biofilm Disruption ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Potential Use

Staphylococcus aureus can develop resistance by mutation, transfection or biofilm formation. Resistance was induced in S. aureus by growth in sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin for 30 days. The ability of the antimicrobials to disrupt biofilms was determined using crystal violet and live/dead staining. Effects on the cell membranes of biofilm cells were evaluated by measuring release of dyes and ATP, and nucleic acids. None of the strains developed resistance to AMPs while only S. aureus ATCC 25923 developed resistance (128 times) to ciprofloxacin after 30 passages. Only peptides reduced biofilms of ciprofloxacin-resistant cells. The antibiofilm effect of melimine with ciprofloxacin was more (27%) than with melimine alone at 1X MIC (p < 0.001). Similarly, at 1X MIC the combination of Mel4 and ciprofloxacin produced more (48%) biofilm disruption than Mel4 alone (p < 0.001). Combinations of either of the peptides with ciprofloxacin at 2X MIC released ≥ 66 nM ATP, more than either peptide alone (p ≤ 0.005). At 2X MIC, only melimine in combination with ciprofloxacin released DNA/RNA which was three times more than that released by melimine alone (p = 0.043). These results suggest the potential use of melimine and Mel4 with conventional antibiotics for the treatment of S. aureus biofilms.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Antibiofilm Activity of Ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus by Administration of Antimicrobial Peptides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
Debarun Dutta ◽  
Mark Duncan Perry Willcox
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Biofilm Disruption ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Potential Use

Staphylococcus aureus can develop resistance by mutation, tranfection or biofilm formation. Resistance was induced in S. aureus by growth in sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin for 30 days. The ability of the antimicrobials to disrupt biofilms was determined using crystal violet and live/dead staining. Effects on the cell membranes of biofilm cells was evaluated by measuring release of dyes and ATP and nucleic acids. S. aureus did not develop resistance to the AMPs but resistance increased to ciprofloxacin by 128 times after 30 passages. Only peptides reduced biofilms of ciprofloxacin resistant cells. The antibiofilm effect of melimine with ciprofloxacin was more (27%) than with melimine alone at 1X MIC (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, at 1X MIC the combination of Mel4 and ciprofloxacin produced more (48%) biofilm disruption than Mel4 alone (p &lt; 0.001). Combinations of either of the peptides with ciprofloxacin at 2X MIC released  66 nM ATP, more than either peptide alone (p  0.005). At 2X MIC, only melimine in combination with ciprofloxacin released DNA/RNA which was 3 times more than released by melimine alone (p = 0.043). These results suggest the potential use of melimine and Mel4 with conventional antibiotics for the treatments of S. aureus biofilms.

scholarly journals Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides and Conventional Antibiotics against Superantigen Positive Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from the Patients with Neoplastic and Inflammatory Erythrodermia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Baranska-Rybak ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Malgorzata Dawgul ◽  
Malgorzata Sokolowska-Wojdylo ◽  
Lukasz Naumiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Therapeutic Implication ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Opposite Situation ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Aurein 1.2 ◽  
Citropin 1.1 ◽  
Temporin A

Superantigens are proteins comprising a group of molecules produced by various microorganisms. They are involved in pathogenesis of several human diseases. The aim of the study was the comparison of susceptibility to antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains producing staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and TSST-1 and nonproducing ones. In the group of the total 28 of the patients with erythrodermia the presence of SA was confirmed in 24 cases. The total of 14 strains of SA excreted enterotoxins SEA, SEC, SED, and TSST-1. We did not observe that strains producing mentioned superantigens were less susceptible to AMPs (aurein 1.2, citropin 1.1, lipopeptide, protegrin 1, tachyplesin 3, temporin A, and uperin 3.6). The opposite situation was observed in conventional antibiotics. SA strains excreting tested superantigens had higher MICs and MBCs than nonproducing ones. The interesting finding considering the high efficacy of AMPs, against all examined strains of SA, makes them attractive candidates for therapeutic implication.

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