scholarly journals Price Efficiency, Green Transition and Channels for Regulating Natural Monopolies: The Case of Power Distribution System Operators (DSOs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frede Hvelplund ◽  
Finn Arler ◽  
Henrik Lund
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Smart Energy Systems

The subject of this chapter is the governance system of the distribution system operators (DSOs), i.e. the companies that own, operate and develop regional and local electricity networks. These companies are natural monopolies, and subsequently need strong regulation by public authorities and/or by consumers. The role of the DSOs has been changing fundamentally in recent years, together with the rest of the electricity system, due to the transition from stored fossil fuel-based electricity to electricity based on fluctuating renewable energy sources. The paper analyses the changing circumstances for the DSOs in the development of integrated smart energy systems, based on an innovative theoretical framework with a strong focus on ownership in the understanding of governance of natural monopolies. After a comparative analysis of shareholder versus consumer ownership, based on two cases, the paper sets up several conclusive recommendations about ownership, governance and the new role of the DSOs in the developing smart energy system.

A Brief Review on Electric Spring: Analysis, Control and Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1830002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Subramani ◽  
K. R. Ramanand
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Energy Scenario ◽  
Current Energy

The current energy scenario in the world considering the overconsumption of fossil fuels as well as its disastrous impact on environment calls for the promotion of renewable resources to take part in the growth towards sustainable development. With the penetration of such intermittent renewable energy sources into the existing grid, it not only enhanced the capability of the grid but also posed challenges regarding system stability. A practical solution to these problems by means of a new technological concept called “electric springs” is presented in this paper which enhances the system stability and provides voltage regulation for the same. Reviewing the various analyses, control methodologies as well as applications regarding the electric spring provides the confidence to further analyze its scope in large-scale power distribution system.

scholarly journals Energy Flexometer: Transactive Energy-Based Internet of Things Technology

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Babar ◽  
Jakub Grela ◽  
Andrzej Ożadowicz ◽  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Zbigniew Hanzelka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Transactive Energy ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Effective Energy Management with an active Demand Response (DR) is crucial for future smart energy system. Increasing number of Distributed Energy Resources (DER), local microgrids and prosumers have an essential and real influence on present power distribution system and generate new challenges in power, energy and demand management. A relatively new paradigm in this field is transactive energy (TE), with its value and market-based economic and technical mechanisms to control energy flows. Due to a distributed structure of present and future power system, the Internet of Things (IoT) environment is needed to fully explore flexibility potential from the end-users and prosumers, to offer a bid to involved actors of the smart energy system. In this paper, new approach to connect the market-driven (bottom-up) DR program with current demand-driven (top-down) energy management system (EMS) is presented. Authors consider multi-agent system (MAS) to realize the approach and introduce a concept and standardize the design of new Energy Flexometer. It is proposed as a fundamental agent in the method. Three different functional blocks have been designed and presented as an IoT platform logical interface according to the LonWorks technology. An evaluation study has been performed as well. Results presented in the paper prove the proposed concept and design.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Local Cross-Sector Consumer Ownership Models for the Transition to a Renewable Smart Energy System in Denmark. An Exploratory Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1508
Author(s):  
Leire Gorroño-Albizu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Smart Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Sector Integration

Smart energy systems (SESs), with integrated energy sectors, provide several advantages over single-sector approaches for the development of renewable energy systems. However, cross-sector integration is at an early stage even in areas challenged by the existing high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE). The promotion of cross-sector integration requires institutional incentives and new forms of actor participation and interaction that are suitable to address the organisational challenges of implementing and operating SESs. Taking as the point of departure an empirical case and its institutional context, this article presents an exploratory study of the ability of cross-sector consumer ownership at different locations in the power distribution system to address those challenges in Denmark. The methods comprise interviews of relevant stakeholders and a literature review. The results indicate that distant and local cross-sector integration will be necessary to reduce overinvestments in the grid and that consumer co-ownership of wind turbines and power-to-heat (P2H) units in district heating (DH) systems may provide advantages over common separate ownership with regard to local acceptance and attractiveness of investments. Several possibilities are identified to improve the current institutional incentive system in Denmark. Finally, the results suggest the relevance of analysing the possibility for single-sector energy companies to transition to smart energy companies.

scholarly journals Development of an Integrated Power Distribution System Laboratory Platform Using Modular Miniature Physical Elements: A Case Study of Fault Location

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinrui Tang ◽  
Binyu Xiong ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Cuilan Tang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Zero Sequence ◽  
Assembly Technology ◽  
Physical Elements

The main shortcomings of the software-based power engineering education are a lack of physical understanding of phenomena and hands-on experience. Existing scaled-down analogous educational power system platforms cannot be widely used for experiments in universities due to the high cost, complicated operation, and huge size. An integrated power distribution system laboratory platform (PDSLP) using modular miniature physical elements is proposed in this paper. The printed circuit board (PCB) and microelectronic technology are proposed to construct each physical element. Furthermore, the constructed physical elements are used to set up an integrated PDSLP based on modular assembly technology. The size of the proposed cost-efficient PDSLP is significantly reduced, and the reliability of the proposed PDSLP can be improved greatly because the signal transmission path is shortened and a number of welding points are reduced. A PDSLP for fault location in neutral non-effectively grounded distribution systems (NGDSs) is selected as a typical experimental scenario and one scaled-down distribution network with three feeders is subsequently implemented and discussed. The measured zero-sequence currents by our proposed PDSLP when a single-phase earth fault occurred can reveal the true features of the fault-generated signals, including steady-state and transient characteristics of zero-sequence currents. They can be readily observed and used for students to design corresponding fault location algorithms. Modular renewable energy sources and other elements can be designed, implemented and integrated into the proposed platform for the laboratory education of the active distribution networks in the future.

scholarly journals MICROGRID IN POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
E. A. Olajuyin ◽  
Olubakinde Eniola
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Power Distribution System

Power is a very important instrument to the development of economy of a nation and it must be stable and available and to meet the demand of the consumers at all times. The quest for power supply has introduced a new technology called microgrid. Micro grids are regarded as small power systems that confine electric energy generating facilities, from both renewable energy sources and conventional synchronous. Generators, and customer loads with respect to produced electric energy. It can be connected to grid or operate in islanding mode. On the other hand, the grid’s dynamics and its stability rely on the amount of stored energy in the micro grid. In a conventional power system with a large number of synchronous generators as the main sources of energy, the mechanical energy in the generators’ rotors, in the form of kinetic energy, serves as the stored energy and feeds the grids in the event of any drastic load changes or if disturbances occur. Microgrid is an alternative idea to support the grid, it can be applied in a street, estates, community or a locality (towns and villages), organizations and establishments. Load forecasting can be further extended to Organizations, Local Government, State and country to determine the energy consumption.

scholarly journals Technological Perspective of Cyber Secure Smart Inverters Used in Power Distribution System: State of the Art Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8780
Author(s):  
Sumukh Surya ◽  
Mohan Krishna Srinivasan ◽  
Sheldon Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Smart Inverters ◽  
Technological Perspective

The purpose of smart grid architecture as compared to the conventional grid is to ensure more stability, reliability and bi-directional communication between the utility and the consumer. The deployment of the same has succeeded in improving the efficiency of the distribution systems and effective co-ordination and interoperability among the different components of the grid. Smart inverters play a major role in seamless grid integration, control and conversion of power when the renewable energy sources are present. However, they come with several security challenges as well, which are of considerable concern. Certain cyber threats include physical and cyber attacks, natural phenomena which in turn can lead to grid failure, blackouts, commercial energy losses, privacy and safety issues, etc. Therefore, there is a need for critical examination of all these issues which must be considered for designing cyber secure smart inverters at the distribution level. In this comprehensive review, keeping the technological perspective in mind, the existing gaps and the necessity for the same are highlighted. The various topologies, IEEE protocols and the control strategy are presented in detail. This will enable prospective researchers to address the design issues of smart inverters with greater focus on security and reliability aspects.

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