scholarly journals Automatic Sliding Gate System using Tap Water Pressure

Evergreen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
M. B. Ali ◽  
K. A. Zakaria ◽  
D. Sivakumar ◽  
AB Hadzley ◽  
Norfauzi Tamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Gate System

scholarly journals Plectosporium tabacinum, a Pathogen of the Invasive Aquatic Weed Hydrilla verticillata in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Smither-Kopperl ◽  
R. Charudattan ◽  
R. D. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Acid Fuchsin ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Submerged Aquatic Plant

Plectosporium tabacinum, the anamorph of Plectosphaerella cucumerina, was isolated in 1996 from Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla), an invasive aquatic weed in Florida. P. tabacinum, applied as a suspension of conidia, was pathogenic to hydrilla shoots maintained in aqueous solutions in test tubes. Koch's postulates were fulfilled in several repeated experiments. Infected shoots became slightly chlorotic within 24 h after inoculation. Infected leaves remained intact and were supported by water pressure but collapsed upon removal from water. Histological studies of leaves stained with malachite green and acid fuchsin revealed fungal hyphae within plant cells. The disease developed over a range of temperatures from 15 to 30°C. At 25°C, symptoms were most severe in 5% Hoagland's solution, followed by river water, deionized water, 0.5% Hoagland's, tap water, and spring water. Disease severity increased as inoculum concentration was increased from 105 to 107 conidia ml-1. This is the first report of P. tabacinum as a pathogen of hydrilla, a fully submerged aquatic plant species.

Effect of Water or Soap Solution on Fatigue Crack Growth in Welded Steel

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Dimitriu ◽  
Stephen Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth Rate ◽  
Soap Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Fatigue Tests

It is common practice to conduct fatigue tests on full-scale girth welded pipes in resonance bending with a static axial mean stress induced by internal water pressure. Clean tap water is used, which gradually stagnates with time during a long endurance test, and therefore it is generally assumed that it has no significant effect on the fatigue lives of cracks propagating from the inside. However, important conclusions are drawn from such tests, especially when they relate to risers, and therefore there is a need to check this. In a different context there is a similar need to check the effect of soap solution on fatigue. This is often applied during fatigue tests on welded joints that fail from an accessible weld toe as an aid to crack detection. Furthermore, it may continue to be applied when a crack has been detected in order to produce beachmarks on the fatigue fracture surface by staining. The present paper presents the results of a series of fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) tests that aimed to establish the effects of clean water or soap solution on the fatigue performance of welded structural steel. The tests were carried out on standard single edge-notched bend (SENB) specimens machined from girth welds in X65 grade steel pipe. Comparative tests were conducted at ambient temperature in air, tap water, de-ionized water and soap solution environments. Noting the general finding that corrosion-fatigue crack growth rate increases with decrease in load cycling frequency, the influence of frequency between 0.1 and 10Hz was investigated.

Municipal water services in Guatemala: exploring official perceptions

Water Policy ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Water Services ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Quality Of Water

In Guatemala, water services are frequently interrupted, water pressure is inadequate and tap water is often unsafe to drink. Water providers face the challenge of maintaining water systems and improving water services to provide reliable and safe drinking water. Understanding the perspectives of government officers may help in finding solutions to overcome this challenge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore officers' opinions and views on municipal water services. Interviews were complemented with content analysis of technical and official documents. Factors identified as determinants of the low quality of water services include low political will, lack of institutional development, low investment in water infrastructure, low household compliance with water systems, and low community participation in the water sector. Findings and policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Development and Numerical Performance Analysis of a Micro Turbine in a Tap-Water Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10755
Author(s):  
Huixiang Chen ◽  
Kan Kan ◽  
Haolan Wang ◽  
Maxime Binama ◽  
Yuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water System ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Water Pipeline

The induction faucet has been widely used in public due to its advantages of convenience, sanitation, water, and electricity saving. To solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by dry batteries used in induction faucets, a suitable micro pipe mixed-flow turbine installed in a tap-water system with only 15 mm in diameter, that uses the pipeline water pressure to generate electricity for the induction faucet was designed and developed, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and model tests. According to the specific speed, a preliminary design of each flow component of the turbine was first produced. Then, using the multi-objective orthogonal optimization method, the optimum test schemes were determined, and the influence of various test factors on the turbine’s hydraulic performance was revealed. Under the design flow rate, the turbine’s power output and efficiency were 6.40 W and 87.13%, respectively, which were 34.45% and 4.99% higher than those of the preliminary scheme. Both the power output and efficiency of the optimized turbine met the design requirements. Numerical and model test results showed good agreement, where the deviation in turbine power output predictions was below 5% under large flow condition. Model test results also showed that the turbine can be started as long as the inlet flow is greater than 0.14 kg/s. Overall, the micro-pipe turbine designed in this paper exploits the (mostly wasted) water kinetic energy in induction faucets for power production, contributing to environmental pollution reduction and realizing energy conservation.

scholarly journals Development and Motion Analysis of the Inscribed Pinch-roller Type Fluid Power Motor Driven by Tap Water Pressure

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Tsukagoshi ◽  
Seiichi Nozaki ◽  
Kouichi Nishizawa ◽  
Ato Kitagawa
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Fluid Power

scholarly journals Temporary Vascular Occlusion by Rapid Reverse Phase Polymer: A Preliminary In Vitro Study of Retrograde Injection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Dregelid
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Foley Catheter ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Thermosensitive Polymer ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Surgical Operations

During vascular surgical operations, there is a need for a simpler and more reliable method of temporary arterial occlusion than those currently employed, especially of heavily calcified arteries. A thermosensitive polymer, LeGoo (LG) (Pluromed, Woburn, MA), has been used successfully for temporary vascular occlusion. It has hitherto been injected by a cannula that has been introduced into the artery to be occluded, here henceforth called the “cannulation method.” Injection into arterial ostia without cannulation, using an injection device that arrests blood flow during the injection, here henceforth called “a retrograde method” may enable temporary hemostasis when ostial stenoses render it impossible to inject LG using the cannulation method. The objective of the present study was to study the feasibility of a retrograde method and to compare it with the cannulation method in an in vitro model, incorporating a narrow orifice to simulate ostial stenosis, using tap water at 37°C instead of blood. The retrograde method of LG injection, using a modified paediatric Foley catheter, turned out to be feasible to produce a durable LG plug more reliably, at higher water pressure and with less deep LG injection than with the cannulation method.

A Sliding Mode Controller Using an LS-SVM Model for a Water-Hydraulic Artificial Rubber Muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-910
Author(s):  
Takahiro Kosaki ◽  
◽  
Yuta Kawahara ◽  
Shigang Li
Keyword(s):  
Controller Design ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Water Hydraulic ◽  
Hysteretic Characteristics

We describe a sliding mode controller design for an artificial rubber muscle driven by tap-water pressure. The hysteretic characteristics of this water-hydraulic artificial rubber muscle (WARM) often deteriorate its control accuracy. To cope with this complicated hysteresis, a modeling approach based on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) with nonlinear kernel functions is first applied to a WARM. By employing this LS-SVM-based WARM model, a sliding mode controller is then derived for the WARM drive system. We verify the control performance of the proposed controller and compare its tracking accuracy with our previously developed controller through experiments.

scholarly journals Postharvest Decay Risk Associated with Hydrocooling Tomatoes

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Vigneault ◽  
Jerry A. Bartz ◽  
Steven A. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Continuous Coverage ◽  
Decay Risk ◽  
A Cell

Tomatoes (breaker stage) hydrocooled with a cell suspension of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora containing 50 to 200 mg of free chlorine per liter (ppm) (10°C, pH 7) remained decay free during a 10-day storage at 20°C. Sporadic disease appeared during storage of tomatoes similarly cooled with chlorinated water containing spores of Rhizopus stolonifer. In contrast, when chlorine was omitted from the pathogen suspensions, 50 to 100% of the fruit became diseased. A laboratory-scale shower hydrocooler reduced fruit temperatures from 35 to 15°C within 13.3 min, whereas a flume cooler produced the same temperature reduction in 10.5 min. In both systems, tomatoes increased in weight during cooling, evidence for water uptake. Larger weight increases occurred among tomatoes cooled in the shower than in the flume. An upward instead of downward orientation of stem scars under the shower streams led to significantly larger weight increases, presumably because pores in the stem scar were continuously flooded with water. Tomatoes intermittently submerged in cold water (10 2-min immersions followed by 30-s pauses) absorbed significantly less water than those continuously submerged for 20 min. Hydrocooling appears to be a viable method for rapid cooling of tomatoes. Technical refinements in the hydrocooling process that prevent continuous coverage of fruit surfaces by water should reduce water uptake and the associated risk of pathogen internalization. Maintenance of free chlorine at up to 200 ppm in the cooling water and prevention of direct water pressure on fruit should minimize decay risks. No evidence of phytotoxicity was observed among fruit infiltrated with 200 ppm of chlorine. These tomatoes ripened similarly to those that were not cooled or were cooled in tap water.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CLEAN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF DARUL HIKMAH MOSQUE IN POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Stefanus Santosa ◽  
Edy Suhartono ◽  
Lukman Fahdiyat ◽  
Zulaikha Putri Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Discrepancy Model ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Supply Systems

Darul Hikmah Mosque is a building located inside Politeknik Negeri Semarang as a place of worship for all campus residents, and people who live around the area. The prayer activity is preceded by the Wudu. In order for Wudu to be carried out perfectly, sufficient quantities of water are needed. The lack of pressure and discharge of Wudu tap water, when used simultaneously, becomes a constraint that is the water pressure decreases. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors causing the lack of water discharge or pressure as required in SNI 03-7065-2005. The research method is quantitative descriptive by evaluating the performance of the existing water supply system and using a discrepancy model by comparing the evaluation results with existing data to find discrepancies. Evaluation results indicate that the factors that cause the lack of water pressure are the roof tank height is less than ideal for water distribution with gravitational power, and the volume of available water is not sufficient

The growth of mica polytypes as studied by conventional and high-resolution TEM

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
A. Baronnet ◽  
M. Amouric
Keyword(s):  
Water Pressure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Potential Use

The origin of mica polytypes has long been a challenging problem for crystal- lographers, mineralogists and petrologists. From the petrological point of view, interest in this field arose from the potential use of layer stacking data to furnish further informations about equilibrium and/or kinetic conditions prevailing during the crystallization of the widespread mica-bearing rocks. From the compilation of previous experimental works dealing with the occurrence domains of the various mica "polymorphs" (1Mr, 1M, 2M1, 2M2 and 3T) within water-pressure vs temperature fields, it became clear that most of these modifications should be considered as metastable for a fixed mica species. Furthermore, the natural occurrence of long-period (or complex) polytypes could not be accounted for by phase considerations. This highlighted the need of a more detailed kinetic approach of the problem and, in particular, of the role growth mechanisms of basal faces could play in this crystallographic phenomenon.

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