scholarly journals Chemical Free Vegetable Cultivation and Outcomes in Winter Season in Bangladesh : A case study on BOP farmers in five districts

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Mansur Ahmed ◽  
Akinori Ozaki ◽  
Dipok K. Choudhury ◽  
Kazuo Ogata ◽  
Shoichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Vegetable Cultivation

Inflight icing data gathering during routine flight operations — a case study

2001 ◽  
Vol 105 (1051) ◽  
pp. 501-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Large Droplet ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Flight Operations ◽  
Lower Corner

Abstract For the purpose of the design and certification of inflight icing protection systems for transport and general aviation aircraft, the eventual re-definition/expansion of the icing environment of FAR 25/JAR 25, Appendix C is under consideration. Such a re-definition will be aided by gathering as much inflight icing event data as reasonably possible, from widely-different geographic locations. The results of a 12-month pilot programme of icing event data gathering are presented. Using non-instrumented turboprop aircraft flying upon mid-altitude routine air transport operations, the programme has gathered observational data from across the British Isles and central France. By observing a number of metrics, notably windscreen lower-corner ice impingement limits, against an opposing corner vortex-flow, supported by wing leading edge impingement limits, the observed icing events have been classified as ‘small’, ‘medium’ or ‘large’ droplet. Using the guidance of droplet trajectory modelling, MVD values for the three droplet size bins have been conjectured to be 15, 40 and 80mm. Hence, the ‘large’ droplet category would be in exceedance of FAR/JAR 25, Appendix C. Data sets of 117 winter-season and 55 summer-season icing events have been statistically analysed. As defined above, the data sets include 11 winter and five summer large droplet icing encounters. Icing events included ‘sandpaper’ icing from short-duration ‘large’ droplets, and a singular ridge formation icing event in ‘large’ droplet. The frequency of ‘large’ droplet icing events amounted to 1 in 20 flight hours in winter and 1 in 35 flight hours in summer. These figures reflect ‘large’ droplet icing encounter probabilities perhaps substantially greater than previously considered. The ‘large’ droplet events were quite localised, mean scale-size being about 6nm.

scholarly journals Analysis of Catania Flash Flood Case Study by Using Combined Microwave and Infrared Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1989-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Paola ◽  
Elisabetta Ricciardelli ◽  
Domenico Cimini ◽  
Filomena Romano ◽  
Mariassunta Viggiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Synoptic Situation

Abstract In this paper, the analysis of an extreme convective event atypical for the winter season, which occurred on 21 February 2013 on the east coast of Sicily and caused a flash flood over Catania, is presented. In just 1 h, more than 50 mm of precipitation was recorded, but it was not forecast by numerical weather prediction (NWP) models and, consequently, no severe weather warnings were sent to the population. The case study proposed is first examined with respect to the synoptic situation and then analyzed by means of two algorithms based on satellite observations: the Cloud Mask Coupling of Statistical and Physical Methods (MACSP) and the Precipitation Evolving Technique (PET), developed at the National Research Council of Italy. Both of the algorithms show their ability in the near-real-time monitoring of convective cell formation and their rapid evolution. As quantitative precipitation forecasts by NWP could fail, especially for atypical convective events like in Catania, tools like MACSP and PET shall be adopted by civil protection centers to monitor the real-time evolution of deep convection events in aid to the severe weather warning service.

Meteorological Analysis of the Sea Fog in Winter Season on Gyeonggi Bay, Yellow Sea: A Case Study for the 106-vehicle Pileup on February 11, 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Yoo-Keun Kim ◽  
Hyunsu Kim ◽  
Jang-Won Seo ◽  
Hye-Yeon An ◽  
Yo-Hwan Choi
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sea Fog ◽  
Meteorological Analysis

scholarly journals Leveraging the 4th Industrial Revolution Technology for Sustainable Development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR)—The Case Study of Autonomous Vessel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8211
Author(s):  
Sung-Woo Lee ◽  
Jisung Jo ◽  
Sewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
The Arctic

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technology has been applied to various industrial areas not only to improve economic efficiency but also to obtain environmental and safety benefits. We paid attention to the unresolved issues of Arctic development to establish a balance between economic feasibility and social values and suggest the 4IR technologies as the solution for this. The master concept of application of the 4IR technology to NSR sailing is presented. Further, we conducted a case study for autonomous vessels. A cost breakdown structure model is specified to compare the total costs of traditional and autonomous vessels. Then, we conducted scenario analysis to investigate the economic and social effects of autonomous vessels by season and route. The results show that autonomous vessels have economic benefits compared to the traditional vessel even in the winter season, and if we realize autonomous vessels in the NSR, there are more cost saving effects than in the Suez Canal Route (SCR) in any season. As for the environmental benefits, autonomous vessels have lower gas emissions and reduced water disposal compared to the traditional vessel. Further, autonomous vessels could be a solution to provide a better crew working environment by minimizing the number of people on board. The contribution of this research is that, first, we utilize real fuel oil consumption measurement data to estimate the voyage expenses, and, second, this is a novel attempt of applying the 4IR technology as a solution for the Arctic development issue. In this respect, this research is expected to serve as a cornerstone for future research, and it will help to establish Arctic development strategies in Arctic or non-Arctic countries.

scholarly journals 20-year LiDAR observations of stratospheric sudden warming over a mid-latitude site, Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP; 44° N, 6° E): case study and statistical characteristics

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 15739-15779 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Charyulu ◽  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
H. Bencherif ◽  
G. Kirgis ◽  
A. Hauchecorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Stratospheric Sudden Warming ◽  
Rayleigh Lidar ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Lidar Observations ◽  
Biennial Oscillation

Abstract. The present study delineates the characteristics of Stratospheric Sudden Warming (SSW) events observed over the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP: 44° N, 6° E). The study uses 20 years of Rayleigh LiDAR temperature measurements for the period, 1982–2001, which corresponds to 2629 daily temperature profiles. Characteristics of warming events, such as type of warming (major and minor), magnitude of warming, height of occurrence and day period of occurrence are presented with emphasis on wave propagation and isentropic transport conditions. The major and minor warming events are classified with respect to temperature increase and reversal in the zonal wind direction in the polar region using reanalysis data from the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). SSWs occur with a mean frequency of 2.15 events per winter season. The percentage of occurrence of major and minor warming events are found to be ~23% and ~77%, respectively. The observed major and minor SSW is associated with a descent of the stratopause layer by −6 to 6 km range. The heights of occurrences of major SSWs are distributed between 38 km and 54 km with magnitudes in the 12.2–35.7 K temperature range, while minor SSW occurrences appear in the 42–54 km range, closer to the usual stratopause layer (~47 km) and with a slightly larger range of temperature magnitude (10.2–32.8 K). The observed major and minor events are examined in connection with Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) phases.

scholarly journals THE RESPONSE OF HARBOR ENVIRONMENTS PROTECTED BY IRREGULAR FRINGING REEF SYSTEMS TO STRONG GRAVITY WAVE FORCING - A CASE STUDY

2018 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Assaf Azouri ◽  
Volker Roeber ◽  
Douglas S. Luther
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Fringing Reef ◽  
Wave Forcing ◽  
North Shore ◽  
Transformation Processes

Three high-resolution, dispersive nearshore numerical models (BOSZ - Roeber & Cheung, 2012; FUNWAVE - Shi et al., 2012; XBeach - Roelvink et al., 2009) are compared and contrasted with observations from fringing- reef and harbor environments, in an attempt to test their ability to reproduce the wave transformation processes in a complex Hawaiian reef-system environment forced by highly energetic sea/swell wave conditions. Hale’iwa Harbor, located on Oahu’s North Shore (Figure 1), is a small boat harbor that faces serious operational problems resulting from water level fluctuations and currents during periods of strong swells. These oscillations are predominantly at infragravity periods (rather than swell periods), and, nearly every winter season, their amplitude levels are sufficiently large to trigger significant surges in the harbor. These surges can cause damage to harbor infrastructure and boats, and threaten the safety of mariners who attempt to enter or exit the harbor.

scholarly journals Car Following Behaviours on Multilane Highways in Kuwait: A Case Study on Road 40 during Winter Season

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisa Alenzi ◽  
◽  
Sitti Asmah Hassan ◽  
Othman Che Puan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Impact

The car following behaviour of a driver is the process of following the drivers to create an adjustment in the leading vehicle behaviour. In a condition, where the traffic volume is in a free-flowing situation, the selection of vehicles speed is typically limited by some factors such as weather conditions, lighting, and road geometry features. This study aims to investigate the effects of climates on driver’s car following behaviour and speed flow relationships for highways in Kuwait. The case study was conducted at Road 40 in Kuwait using RTMS Sx-300 device which is known as a radar device particularly used for monitoring traffic. The data was gathered between the periods from 29th December 2018 to 5th January 2019 within winter. MATLAB code was written to analyse and classify the gathered data. Then, the models were built using R-software. The study depicts that nearly 24.87% of the vehicles move between 60 km/h and 69 km/hour. Additionally, the vehicles were segmented according to their types i.e., Truck, Small, Medium and Large Sized Cars, in order to find the impact of following pattern on the vehicle average. It has been found that no significant association remains amidst the type of following pattern and the headway. Ultimately, a liner regression of data was developed to calculate a liner equation that shows the average headway as an element of speed for sixteen diverse following patterns. It has been recognized that an association could be supposed in medium-sized and small-sized vehicles. It has been observed that headway average could be placed in a linear equation for large, medium, and small as well as truck vehicles. It is worthy to denote that when data is bigger, the exactitude of a study enhances. Findings from each model of liner regression has more than 80% confidence level. The models of regression are deliberated as statistically significant where, the R (square) figures lies amidst 0.99 till 0.6. As per the findings, speed is the key influencing factor for headway value. The type of car does affect headway with drivers behind Heavy Good Vehicles and cars at the similar speed. According to the data, cars are identified to keep more headway when behind Heavy Good Vehicles in contrast with when behind other cars. These results will help the drivers to understand their behaviour that are associated with car crashes. Thus, increase road safety awareness and reduce traffic congestion in Kuwait.

The Tropical Madden–Julian Oscillation and the Global Wind Oscillation

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 1601-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Weickmann ◽  
Edward Berry
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Oscillatory Behavior ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Abstract The global wind oscillation (GWO) is a subseasonal phenomenon encompassing the tropical Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and midlatitude processes like meridional momentum transports and mountain torques. A phase space is defined for the GWO following the approach of Wheeler and Hendon for the MJO. In contrast to the oscillatory behavior of the MJO, two red noise processes define the GWO. The red noise spectra have variance at periods that bracket 30–60 or 30–80 days, which are bands used to define the MJO. The correlation between the MJO and GWO is ∼0.5 and cross spectra show well-defined, coherent phase relations in similar frequency bands. However, considerable independent variance exists in the GWO. A basic dynamical distinction occurs in the direction of midlatitude wave energy dispersion, being predominantly meridional during a MJO and zonal during the GWO. This is primarily a winter season feature centered over the Pacific Ocean. A case study during April–May 2007 focuses on the GWO and two ∼30-day duration orbits with extreme anomalies in GWO phase space. The MJO phase space projections for the same time were irregular and, it is argued, partially driven by mountain torques and meridional transports. The case study reveals that multiple physical processes and time scales act to create slowly evolving planetary-scale circulation and tropical convection anomalies.

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