scholarly journals Differences in Carbon Sink by Land Use using Topographic Correction in Seoul, South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Sung–Ho Kil ◽  
Dong–kun Lee ◽  
Gwan–Soo Park ◽  
Sang–Jin Lee ◽  
Shoji Ohga
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Topographic Correction

scholarly journals Introduction and Spread of the Invasive Alien Species Ageratina altissima in a Disturbed Forest Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6152
Author(s):  
Eunyoung Kim ◽  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Wonkyong Song
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Canopy Area

Invasive alien species (IAS) not only displace nearby indigenous plants and lead to habitat simplification but also cause severe economic damage by invading arable lands. IAS invasion processes involve external forces such as species characteristics, IAS assemblage traits, environmental conditions, and inter-species interactions. In this study, we analyzed the invasion processes associated with the introduction and spread of Ageratina altissima, a representative invasive plant species in South Korea. We investigated 197 vegetation quadrats (2 × 20 m) in regions bordering 47 forests in southern Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. A total of 23 environmental variables were considered, which encompassed vegetation, topography, land use, and landscape ecology indices. The model was divided into an edge and an interior model and analyzed using logistic regression and a decision tree (DT) model. The occurrence of Ageratina altissima was confirmed in 61 sites out of a total of 197. According to our analysis, Ageratina altissima easily invaded forest edges with low density. The likelihood of its occurrence increased with lower elevation and gentler slope. In contrast, the spread of Ageratina altissima in the forest interior, especially based on seed spread and permeability, was favored by a lower elevation and gentler slopes. The analysis of Ageratina altissima settlement processes in forest edges coupled with the DT model demonstrated that land characteristics, such as the proximity to urbanized areas and the number of shrub and tree species, play a pivotal role in IAS settlement. In the forest interior, Ageratina altissima did not occur in 68 of the 71 sites where the soil drainage was under 2.5%, and it was confirmed that the tree canopy area had a significant impact on forest spread. Based on these results, it can be assumed that Ageratina altissima has spread in South Korean forests in much the same way as other naturalized species. Therefore, vegetation management strategies for naturalized species should be developed in parallel with land use management policy in regions surrounding forest edges to successfully manage and control Ageratina altissima invasion.

scholarly journals Land use change and nitrogen feedbacks constrain the trajectory of the land carbon sink

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (19) ◽  
pp. 5218-5222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gerber ◽  
Lars O. Hedin ◽  
Sonja G. Keel ◽  
Stephen W. Pacala ◽  
Elena Shevliakova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Carbon Sink

scholarly journals Distribution Patterns of Odonate Assemblages in Relation to Environmental Variables in Streams of South Korea

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Yeong Lee ◽  
Dae-Seong Lee ◽  
Mi-Jung Bae ◽  
Soon-Jin Hwang ◽  
Seong-Yu Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Factors Affecting

Odonata species are sensitive to environmental changes, particularly those caused by humans, and provide valuable ecosystem services as intermediate predators in food webs. We aimed: (i) to investigate the distribution patterns of Odonata in streams on a nationwide scale across South Korea; (ii) to evaluate the relationships between the distribution patterns of odonates and their environmental conditions; and (iii) to identify indicator species and the most significant environmental factors affecting their distributions. Samples were collected from 965 sampling sites in streams across South Korea. We also measured 34 environmental variables grouped into six categories: geography, meteorology, land use, substrate composition, hydrology, and physicochemistry. A total of 83 taxa belonging to 10 families of Odonata were recorded in the dataset. Among them, eight species displayed high abundances and incidences. Self-organizing map (SOM) classified sampling sites into seven clusters (A–G) which could be divided into two distinct groups (A–C and D–G) according to the similarities of their odonate assemblages. Clusters A–C were characterized by members of the suborder Anisoptera, whereas clusters D–G were characterized by the suborder Zygoptera. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) identified forest (%), altitude, and cobble (%) in substrata as the most influential environmental factors determining odonate assemblage compositions. Our results emphasize the importance of habitat heterogeneity by demonstrating its effect on odonate assemblages.

scholarly journals What can be learned about carbon cycle climate feedbacks from the CO<sub>2</sub> airborne fraction?

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 7739-7751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gloor ◽  
J. L. Sarmiento ◽  
N. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract. The ratio of CO2 accumulating in the atmosphere to the CO2 flux into the atmosphere due to human activity, the airborne fraction AF, is central to predict changes in earth's surface temperature due to greenhouse gas induced warming. This ratio has remained remarkably constant in the past five decades, but recent studies have reported an apparent increasing trend and interpreted it as an indication for a decrease in the efficiency of the combined sinks by the ocean and terrestrial biosphere. We investigate here whether this interpretation is correct by analyzing the processes that control long-term trends and decadal-scale variations in the AF. To this end, we use simplified linear models for describing the time evolution of an atmospheric CO2 perturbation. We find firstly that the spin-up time of the system for the AF to converge to a constant value is on the order of 200–300 years and differs depending on whether exponentially increasing fossil fuel emissions only or the sum of fossil fuel and land use emissions are used. We find secondly that the primary control on the decadal time-scale variations of the AF is variations in the relative growth rate of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Changes in sink efficiencies tend to leave a smaller imprint. Therefore, before interpreting trends in the AF as an indication of weakening carbon sink efficiency, it is necessary to account for trends and variations in AF stemming from anthropogenic emissions and other extrinsic forcing events, such as volcanic eruptions. Using atmospheric CO2 data and emission estimates for the period 1959 through 2006, and our simple predictive models for the AF, we find that likely omissions in the reported emissions from land use change and extrinsic forcing events are sufficient to explain the observed long-term trend in AF. Therefore, claims for a decreasing long-term trend in the carbon sink efficiency over the last few decades are currently not supported by atmospheric CO2 data and anthropogenic emissions estimates.

scholarly journals An attempt to assess the monetary value of carbon absorbed in the Polish forest sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jabłoński ◽  
Włodzimierz Stempski
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
High Price ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Climate Convention ◽  
Emissions Trading System ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Forests and forest management play a vital role in capture and storage of carbon dioxide, which contributes to mitigation of climate change. Forests are not only a natural carbon sink. Proper forest management can enhance biomass production, providing wood to be converted into e.g. construction timber, paper and furniture as well as wood fuels and, as a result, considerably enlarge this carbon sink. Poland, being a party of the Climate Convention and Kyoto Protocol and a member of the EU is obliged to provide yearly reports on carbon emissions and sequestration, including the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector, of which forestry is the leading constituent. Forests, with the sequestration rate at a level of 3.93 t CO2·ha−1 form practically the only important carbon sink in the LULUCF category. Unfortunately the LULUCF sector has not been yet included in the current climate policy framework. The purpose of the study was an attempt to estimate the hypothetical value of carbon stored in forestry, resulting from the reported quantities of the emitted and sequestered carbon. The calculations were based on figures included in the National Inventory Report for Poland, reported yearly to the Secretariat of the Climate Convention. Among the forestry carbon sources/sinks, reported annually, the sequestration resulting from forest management significantly exceeds the net sequestration from afforestation/deforestation activities. Average data from recent years show that forest management is a net CO2 sink, with 12 Mt CO2·y−1 (above the forest management reference level, FMRL), and when combined with the carbon pool change resulting from afforestation/deforestation activities, it can be regarded as a net carbon sink sequestering nearly 15 Mt CO2·y−1. That value, when multiplied by the price of carbon emission allowance (e.g. EUA), could be a source of over 80 mill Euros per year, if used as a commodity on the emissions market. Due to high price volatility of CO2 emission allowances, the calculated profits are hypothetical, and the EU Emissions Trading System does not include forestry. These potential gains can become realistic after the LULUCF sector has been included in the emissions trading system.

scholarly journals Is the Change of Soil Carbon Capacity Persistence Rising or Remain Stable With Maturity of Vegetation Restoration?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Peipei Wang ◽  
Zhijing Xue ◽  
Zhengchao Zhou ◽  
Jun'e Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Soc Stock

Emerging consensus is that land-use change resulting through the “Grain for Green” project has had a significant impacted on soil organic carbon (SOC), thereby probably enhancing the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains largely unknown whether a watershed acts as a source or sink of soil carbon during the later period of ecological restoration. This study comprehensively investigated the changes of SOC stock in 2005, 2010, and 2017 along different land-use types. It was aimed to evaluate the dynamics to SOC storage capacity over different vegetation restoration maturity in the Shanghuang Watershed, China. The results showed that restoration increased the accumulation of organic carbon pools in the early stage. Significant increases in SOC stock were observed in shrubland and grassland in comparison to that in other land uses, and these two land-use types represented the optimal combination for ecological restoration in the basin. The SOC stock did not increase indefinitely during the long-term vegetation restoration process, but rather first increased rapidly with vegetation planting and reached a peak, following which it declined slightly. Therefore, pure vegetation restoration cannot maintain a permanent soil carbon sink, some measures to maintain the stability of carbon and to prolong soil C persistence are essential to take.

scholarly journals Rainforest-to-pasture conversion stimulates soil methanogenesis across the Brazilian Amazon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Kroeger ◽  
Laura K. Meredith ◽  
Kyle M. Meyer ◽  
Kevin D. Webster ◽  
Plinio Barbosa de Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Methane Cycling ◽  
Agricultural Conversion ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Pasture Conversion

ABSTRACTThe Amazon rainforest is a biodiversity hotspot and large terrestrial carbon sink that is threatened by agricultural conversion. Rainforest-to-pasture conversion leads to the release of a potent greenhouse gas by converting soil from a methane sink into a source. The biotic methane cycle is driven by microorganisms; therefore, this study focused on active methane-cycling microorganisms and their functions across land-use types. We collected intact soil cores from three land use types (primary rainforest, pasture, and secondary rainforest) of two geographically distinct areas of the Brazilian Amazon (Santarém, Pará and Ariquemes, Rondônia) and performed DNA stable-isotope probing coupled with metagenomics to identify the active methanotrophs and methanogens. At both locations, we observed a significant change in the composition of the isotope-labeled methane-cycling microbial community across land use types, specifically an increase in the abundance and diversity of active methanogens in pastures. We conclude that a significant increase in the abundance and activity of methanogens in pasture soils could explain the greater methane flux. Furthermore, we found that secondary rainforests recovered as methane sinks, indicating the potential for reforestation to offset greenhouse gas emissions in the tropics. These findings are critical for informing land management practices and global tropical rainforest conservation.

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