INFLUENCE OF THE FLUID-WALL INTERACTION ON THE MULTISCALE FLOW THROUGH A MICRO SLIT PORE CONSIDERING THE ADSORBED LAYER-FLUID INTERFACIAL SLIPPAGE

Purpose Fully developed Casson fluid flow through vertical microchannel is deliberated in the presence of thermal radiation. The two predominant features of micro scale phenomenon such as velocity slip and temperature jump are considered. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The governing equations of the physical phenomenon are solved using Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth fifth order method. Findings The outcome of the present work is discussed through graphs. This computation shows that entropy generation rate decreases with enhancing wall ambient temperature difference ratio and fluid wall interaction parameter. Also, it is found that Bejan number is fully retarded with rise in fluid wall interaction parameter. Enhancement in heat transfer or Nusselt number is achieved by increasing the wall ambient temperature ratio and fluid wall interaction parameter. Originality/value Casson liquid flow through microchannel is analyzed by considering temperature jump and velocity slip. This computation shows that entropy generation rate decreases with enhancing wall ambient temperature difference ratio.

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Development of apical pits in chloride cells of the gills of Pimephales promelas after chronic exposure to acid water

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100076044 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 462-463

Author(s):

Richard L. Leino ◽

Jon G. Anderson ◽

J. Howard McCormick

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Lake Superior ◽

Pimephales Promelas ◽

Chloride Cells ◽

Fathead Minnows ◽

Secondary Lamellae ◽

Untreated Water ◽

Water Ph ◽

Flow Through

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.

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