Grazing impact on plant spatial distribution and community composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Tahmasebi Kohyani ◽  
Beatrijs Bossuyt ◽  
Dries Bonte ◽  
Maurice Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
Plant Spatial Distribution

scholarly journals Intra-plant spatial distribution of Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellapé (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) on Eucalyptus grandis plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. V. Lima ◽  
C. F. Wilcken ◽  
P. J. Ferreira-Filho ◽  
J. E. Serrão ◽  
J. C. Zanuncio
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Plant Spatial Distribution

scholarly journals Effect of Square Planting and Nitrogen Scheduling on Yield and Micrometeorological Parameters in Maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Dharmalingam Selvakumar ◽  
Kumaran Velayudham ◽  
Nallasamy Thavaprakaash
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
K Value ◽  
Rectangular Pattern ◽  
Plant Spatial Distribution

<p class="1">Altering plant spatial distribution induces changes in micro-meteorology of crop canopy and have cumulative effect on yield. Creation of suitable plant spatial distribution is indispensable to explore the beneficial effects of spatial pattern and it could be possible only through altering rectangular spatial distribution, which is commonly practiced in maize. Most of the nitrogen (N) scheduling approaches are growth stages based without considering crop demand and soil fertility status which may not yield better, warrants need based N management for better production in maize. The present study has investigated effects of spatial pattern and nitrogen scheduling on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), light extinction co-efficient (‘k’), leaf temperature (LT) and productivity of maize. The experiments were conducted during 2011 and 2012 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Treatments were laid out in split-plot design and replicated thrice. Treatments were: six levels of spatial pattern (60 × 25, 30 × 30, 35 × 35, 40 × 40, 45 × 45 and 50 × 50 cm). Growth stage based and need based approach of leaf color chart based (LCC) nitrogen scheduling were imposed. Field experimental results indicated that maize canopy under 30 × 30 and 35 × 35 cm spatial pattern intercepted 10 to 15% more light compared to rectangular pattern (60 × 25 cm). The ‘k’ value and leaf temperature were reduced under this pattern. Higher maize grain yield (GY) was recorded at 35 × 35 cm spatial distribution. The LCC based N scheduling recorded higher values of IPAR, LT and lower ‘k’ values. Square planting favored canopy micro-meterological parameters and which in turn enhanced grain yield of maize.</p>

scholarly journals Designing an effective trap cropping strategy: the effects of attraction, retention and plant spatial distribution

2012 ◽  
pp. no-no ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Holden ◽  
Stephen P. Ellner ◽  
Doo-Hyung Lee ◽  
Jan P. Nyrop ◽  
John P. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Trap Cropping ◽  
Plant Spatial Distribution

Diversity and spatial distribution of endophytes community composition in noni (Morinda citrifoliaL.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yanhua Cao ◽  
Su Yao ◽  
Feirong Bai ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Community Composition

scholarly journals Distribution and feeding of dominant zooplankton species under autumn coccolithophorid development in the eastern part of the Barents sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-745
Author(s):  
V. M. Sergeeva ◽  
A. V. Drits ◽  
M. V. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Grazing Impact ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Diel Vertical Migrations ◽  
Upper Mixed Layer

Studies of zooplankton spatial distribution and feeding were conducted in the eastern part of the Barents Sea in early October 2014. The study period was characterized by positive anomalies of the water temperature in the upper mixed layer and by the dominance of coccolithophorids in phytoplankton. The scale of spatial variability of zooplankton biomass (6.143.3 mg DW m-3) over the 30,000 km2 investigated area was comparable to the range of interannual variation of zooplankton biomass in the Barents Sea. Calanus finmarchicus and Metridia longa dominated in the zooplankton community. The spatial distribution of C. finmarchicus was correlated with the depth: at the stations, where the depth exceeded 250 m, the biomass was threefold higher than that at the shallower stations. Both species performed diel vertical migrations ascending to the upper 50 m layer during night and actively consuming there coccolithophorids and tintinnids Acanthostomella norvegica. Taking into account the contribution of tintinnids, the amount of assimilated organic carbon in C. finmarchicus CV, CIV and M. longa CV, CIV was 2.6, 8.3 and 3.5, 4.9% of body carbon content, respectively, and compensated therefore the metabolic costs. Grazing impact on the autotrophic phytoplankton by the populations of C. finmarchicus and M. longa did not exceed 5% of its biomass and was preconditioned by the abundance and the feeding activity of migrating copepods.

scholarly journals Interspecies interactions in bacterial colonies are determined by physiological traits and the environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. Booth ◽  
Scott A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Biophysical Forces ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
And Function

AbstractInterspecies interactions in bacterial biofilms have important impacts on the composition and function of communities in natural and engineered systems. To investigate these interactions, synthetic communities provide experimentally tractable systems. Agar-surface colonies are similar to biofilms and have been used for investigating the eco-evolutionary and biophysical forces that determine community composition and spatial distribution of bacteria. Prior work has focused on intraspecies interactions, using differently fluorescent tagged but identical or genetically modified strains of the same species. Here, we investigated how physiological differences determine the community composition and spatial distribution in synthetic communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Using quantitative microscopic imaging, we found that interspecies interactions in multispecies colonies are influenced by type IV pilus mediated motility, extracellular matrix secretion, environmental parameters and the specific species involved. These results indicate that the patterns observable in mixed species colonies can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive interspecies interactions, which are dependent on the interplay between specific species’ physiology and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Highland Cattle in Alnus viridis Encroached Subalpine Pastures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Svensk ◽  
Marco Pittarello ◽  
Ginevra Nota ◽  
Manuel K. Schneider ◽  
Eric Allan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Plant Community Composition ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Alnus Viridis ◽  
Pastoral Value ◽  
The Impact

Green alder (Alnus viridis) is a shrub species that has expanded over former pastures in Central Europe due to land abandonment, leading to negative agri-environmental impacts, such as a reduction in forage yield and quality and an increase in nitrate leaching. Robust livestock breeds such as Highland cattle could be used to control A. viridis encroachment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the impact of A. viridis encroachment on plant community composition and diversity and to map the spatial distribution of Highland cattle in A. viridis-encroached pastures. During the summer of 2019, three different Highland cattle herds were placed along an A. viridis encroachment gradient. A total of 58 botanical surveys were carried out before grazing to assess plant community composition, pastoral value, and ecological indicator values. The spatial distribution of cattle was studied during the whole grazing period by monitoring six to eight cows equipped with GPS collars in each herd. Plant species associated with higher pastoral values of the vegetation were found in areas with lower A. viridis cover, while highly encroached areas were dominated by a few nitrophilus and shade-tolerant broad-leaved species and by ferns. Cattle spent more time in areas with higher pastoral value but did not avoid areas with high cover of A. viridis, on steep slopes or far from water. These results show that Highland cattle are able to tolerate harsh environmental conditions and that they can exploit A. viridis-encroached pastures. This suggests that they have a high potential to reduce A. viridis encroachment in the long-term.

THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF LIMOTHRIPS DENTICORNIS HALIDAY (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) EGGS ON SPRING BARLEY

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Bates ◽  
Michael J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Spatial Distribution

AbstractThe within-plant spatial distribution of Limothrips denticornis Haliday eggs on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in North Dakota was examined during the growing seasons of 1987 and 1988. In both years, most eggs were found during inflorescence emergence (growth stages 10–10.5 on the Feekes scale), although eggs were detected both prior to and after these growth stages. Once inflorescence emergence was initiated, over 8.5% of the eggs were found in the top two leaf sheaths, with the majority in the flag leaf sheath. Over all barley growth stages, significantly more eggs (P≤0.05) were found in the middle third than in either the top or bottom third of the flag leaf sheath. No difference (P≥0.05) in the within-sheath location of eggs on lower leaves was detected.

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