scholarly journals A Transatlantic Slavery Narrative: Work Sketches of a Nineteenth-Century Bristolian-Cuban Sugar Cane Plantation and President Barack Obama’s “Black Speech” in Cuba

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ocasio
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Cuban Sugar

The Old Cuba Trade: Highlights and Case Studies of Cuban-American Interdependence during the Nineteenth Century

1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland T. Ely
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cuban American ◽  
Sugar Trade ◽  
Cuban Sugar

The profitability and the mechanisms of the old Cuban sugar trade are illustrated through Professor Ely's study of the leading businessmen involved.

scholarly journals Tricks of the Slave Trade

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Edgardo Pérez Morales
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Cuban Sugar ◽  
Trading Activities

Around 1808, Spaniards’ ability to outfit and successfully complete slaving expeditions to Africa paled in comparison to the skill of French and British slavers. In the wake of British Abolitionism and the Cuban sugar revolution, however, some Spaniards learned the tricks of the slave trade and by 1835 had brought over 300,000 captives to Cuba and Puerto Rico (most went to Cuba). This article presents evidence on the process through which some Spaniards successfully became slave traders, highlighting the transition from early trial ventures around 1809–15 to the mastering of the trade by 1830. It pays particular attention to the operations and perspectives of the Havana-based firm Cuesta Manzanal & Hermano and to the slave trading activities on the Pongo River by the crewmen of the Spanish ship La Gaceta. Although scholars have an increasingly solid perception of the magnitude and consequences of the Cuba-based trade in human beings in the nineteenth century, the small-scale dynamics of this process, ultimately inseparable from long-term developments, remain elusive. This article adds further nuance to our knowledge of the post-1808 surge in the Spanish transatlantic slave trade.

The Coffee Barons of Cazengo

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
International Market ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
Modified Forms

When the first anti-slavery legislation was enacted for Angola in 1836, Brazilian planters began to experiment with coffee growing in Africa. They had some success during periods of high coffee prices in the 1850s, 1870s and 1890s, when a couple of dozen estates in the Cazengo district produced slave-grown coffee. Far from being abolished, slavery, in minimally modified forms, survived into the early twentieth century. Traditional slave traders were reluctant to invest in local slave crops and most preferred to supply the slave demands of Säo Tome. In Angola a rival peasant sector also evolved in the coffee business. Black smallholders responded with greater alacrity to opening crop markets than did plantations, and much conflict arose over the sequestration of peasant plots by credit-holding shop-keepers. Although the entire nineteenth-century coffee crop from Angola never amounted to a significant share of the international market, the pattern of land and labour exploitation adopted was revived in the mid-twentieth century when the colony became the world's fourth largest coffee producer. In the coffee slump of the 1890s Cazengo planters diversified into sugar cane which later also became a significant part of the modern agro-industry of Angola.

Thermoeconomic analysis of a Cuban sugar cane mill

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (16-18) ◽  
pp. 1773-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rafael Barreda del Campo ◽  
Sérgio Augusto Araújo da Gama Cerqueira ◽  
Silvia Azucena Nebra
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Cuban Sugar

“Roaming Coartados”

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-82
Author(s):  
Claudia Varella ◽  
Manuel Barcia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Rural Areas

Sugar cane plantations began to incorporate coartados in the mid-nineteenth century. This chapter examines the shift of labor from city to country. While many coartados did everything in their power to remain in Havana, where their right to change owners or buy themselves out of slavery tended to be more easily recognized, others remained in rural areas where they were subject to the same rights, or rather lack of rights, as any rural slave.

The Restoration of the Betty’s Hope North Windmill, Antigua, West Indies

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Reginald Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Wood Beams ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
Roller System ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Chapter 14 investigates the archaeology, technology, and restoration of the Betty’s Hope north windmill. Archaeological excavations and restoration work were conducted from 1988 to 1995. Today, 90 stone towers are all that remain of the windmills scattered across Antigua’s landscape. This project initiated archaeological research at Betty’s Hope as well as cultural heritage management of the site. As one of the largest and most lucrative estates on Antigua, Betty’s Hope could afford two windmills to crush the sugar cane by harnessing wind power and utilizing the horizontal three-roller system. The mid-nineteenth century witnessed the conversion to steam-powered at Betty’s Hope. Restoration efforts included replacing parts of the original stone floor, old hard wood beams, masonry, cap house, arms, and machinery.

Agriculture at Betty’s Hope

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Georgia L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Repressive Regime

Chapter 7 by Georgia Fox explores sugar cane agriculture at Betty’s Hope. An industrial complex, the cycle of cane cultivation, harvesting, and processing is examined in detail. One of the key questions is whether there was any true innovation, particularly with the advent of the Industrial Revolution. It is suggested that enslaved labor contributed to innovations, but to claim their contributions was subsumed under the repressive regime of the plantation hierarchy. Agricultural production is also discussed as it relates to extreme weather events such as drought and the critical need for water to run a large plantation like Betty’s Hope. Utilizing the archaeological and documentary evidence, the shift from more traditional farming techniques to steam power is demonstrated for the nineteenth century.

The Rise and Fall of the Cuban Sugar Economy

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN H. POLLITT
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
World Market ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Sugar Trade ◽  
Cuban Sugar ◽  
The Revolution

The rise of Cuban sugar production from 1800 to world dominance in the 1920s is briefly portrayed, together with its collapse, recovery and subsequent stagnation between the 1930s and the Revolution of 1959. The renewed and further growth of the sugar economy from 1959–89 is considered in the context of the uniquely favourable terms of trade then developed with the USSR and COMECON. These provided expanding markets and financed the technical transformation of the cultivation, harvesting, transhipment and processing of the sugar cane. From 1993 to 2002, following the implosion of the USSR and the dissolution of COMECON, Cuba could produce little more than one half of the average annual sugar output of the 1980s. This collapse and the inability of the island's planners to reverse it are discussed with particularly emphasis on post-1997 efforts to stabilise production and lower costs to meet persistently unfavourable world market sugar prices. A critical appraisal of the drastic ‘restructuring’ programme announced in 2002 is illustrated by primary data collected in fieldwork in 1994, 1996 and 2002 and Cuba's dramatic post-1991 decline from dominance in the international sugar trade is stressed.

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