scholarly journals Role of Gut Microbiota-Gut Hormone Axis in the Pathophysiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Fukui ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Hiroto Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gut Hormone

scholarly journals Gut microbiome dysbiosis in anorexia nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Agata Janczy ◽  
Magdalena Landowska ◽  
Zdzisław Kochan
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is described as an eating disorder, which is characterized by malnutrition, a fear of gaining body mass, and a disturbed self-body image. This disease is dependent on biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors. Among the various biological factors, the importance of intestinal microbiota has recently attracted much attention. Identification of the gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with AN has opened new and promising research directions. Recent observations focus in particular on the association between intestinal microorganisms and the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with anorexia, anxiety and depression, as well as the regulation of eating habits. The composition of the gut microbiota differs between patients with AN and individuals with normal body mass. This is due to the incorrect diet of patients; on the other hand, there is growing interest in the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AN, its changes through re-nutrition practices, and in particular the modulation of intestinal microbiological composition by means of nutritional interventions or the use of preand probiotics as standard supplements therapy of eating disorders. There is a need for further research about the microbiome - intestine - brain axis. Furthermore, consequences of changes in dietary habits as part of AN treatment are also unknown. However, better knowledge about the relationship between the gut microbiome and the brain can help improve the treatment of this disorder. This review aims to present the current knowledge about the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis, course and treatment of AN.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model to Facilitate Study of Hydrogen Cross-feeding by the Human Colonic Microbiota (P13-036-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Smith ◽  
Paul Shorten ◽  
Eric Altermann ◽  
Nicole Roy ◽  
Warren McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract Objectives The role of hydrogen cross-feeding microbes in digestive function is unclear, but several such organisms have been implicated in functional gastrointestinal disorders. In order to study the dynamics of hydrogen cross-feeders, we require a computational model that provides realistic predictions of food metabolism and metabolite cross-feeding by the human intestinal microbiota. The goal is to produce a model that captures the relationships between the concentrations of all major metabolites in the colon and the microbial population. Methods We adapted the existing model microPop [Kettle et al., Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 399–409, (2017)] to the human colonic environment. The model divides the microbiota into functional groups, determined by the metabolites that they feed upon and produce. We introduced alterations to the bacterial functional groups in the original model, including the addition of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which have an important role in hydrogen cross-feeding. Further adaptions included running the model through three sequentially connected compartments representing the proximal, transverse and distal colon. To enhance the applicability of the model to the colon, the production of sulphated colonic mucins by the host was included. Results The model predicts comparable conditions to those found in experimental work. The sulphated mucins were degraded by saccharolytic members of the microbiota to smaller molecules, including hydrogen, short-chain sugars and free sulphate. These metabolites formed a food source for hydrogen cross-feeders, including SRB, as has been seen in rodent models. Cross-feeding for sulphate released from mucins may be more significant in the metabolism of SRB than dietary sulphate. Conclusions The model may be used to make predictions about the consequences of certain diets on the production of microbial-derived metabolites and the composition of the microbiota. It also provides predictions about the availability of nutrients in the colon to the host. Finally, the model allows us to perform theoretical studies on the role of hydrogen cross-feeders and the metabolites they secrete in digestive function. Funding Sources This work was funded by the Riddet Institute, a New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence.

Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Patients With Fibromyalgia and the Role of Psychologic Distress

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Almansa ◽  
Enrique Rey ◽  
Raquel García Sánchez ◽  
Ángel Álvarez Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Díaz–Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Psychologic Distress

The Use of Antidepressants in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: New Uses for Old Drugs

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 891-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Olden
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Noncardiac Chest Pain ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Functional Gi Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTSince their introduction 50 years ago, antidepressants have been used in a wide variety of settings involving gastrointestinal (GI) disease. In the 1950s, antidepressants were shown to have some efficacy for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. This is most likely due to their antihistaminic and anticholinergic effects. Since then, more efficacious and more disease-specific treatments have become available. In the last 20 years, antidepressants have been increasingly used for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, noncardiac chest pain, and other functional GI disorders. This article will review the rationale for the use of antidepressant drugs for the treatment of functional GI disorders. The role of psychiatric comorbidity in functional GI disorders, the impact of antidepressants on GI motility and visceral sensation, and the ability of these agents to produce improvements in the global well-being and overall quality of life will be reviewed. Finally, guidelines for prescribing and barriers to a patient's acceptance of these agents will be discussed.

scholarly journals Persistent delusions of modern gastroenterology

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Y. S. Tsimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Common Concept ◽  
The Common

The author shares his thoughts about exaggerating the role of infection with Helicobacter pylori in etiology and pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer. Arguments against the common concept of functional gastrointestinal disorders, formulation of syndromic rather than nosological diagnosis are represented. Particular attention is paid to the moral and ethical aspects of the use of placebo in clinical trials. The shortcomings and errors of the terms that are used in modern gastroenterology are analyzed in detail.

scholarly journals Intestinal microbiome: role in functional gastrointestinal disorders and contemporary diagnostic options

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Marlena Górska ◽  
◽  
Ewa Toporowska-Kowalska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Mode Of Birth ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Positive Effect

The most common problems that paediatricians and paediatric gastroenterologists encounter in their practice include functional gastrointestinal disorders. These are a group of chronic and/or recurrent conditions caused by any combination of gastrointestinal motility disturbances and visceral hypersensitivity with abnormal processing of stimuli in the central nervous system which manifest with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting or disorders of defecation, among other problems. The symptoms cannot be assigned to any other clinical condition despite proper diagnostic investigation. The aetiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders is multifactorial. Recently, the role of the intestinal microbiota as an important environmental factor in the pathogenesis of such disorders has been investigated. In this article, the latest data regarding the composition of the microbiome (a collection of microbiota genes) of the human gastrointestinal tract are discussed and the methods used to determine it in detail are described. Currently, molecular biology techniques have the highest diagnostic value, which are based on genetic material sequencing. Due to their extraordinary efficacy, they are superseding classic microbiological tests. In addition, the publication presents factors which affect the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome. These include, for example, mode of birth, method of infant feeding, diet at later stages of life, place of residence, physical activity and antibiotics intake. The research to date demonstrated that dysbiosis is one of the factors contributing to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome. Attempts at modifying the composition of the microbiome by, for example, the administration of probiotics, should therefore have a distinctly positive effect on patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.

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