scholarly journals Colonic Transit Time Is a Driven Force of the Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism: In Vitro Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tottey ◽  
David Feria-Gervasio ◽  
Nadia Gaci ◽  
Brigitte Laillet ◽  
Estelle Pujos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Colonic Transit Time ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Distal colonic transit is linked to gut microbiota diversity and microbial fermentation in humans with slow colonic transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. G361-G369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattea Müller ◽  
Gerben D. A. Hermes ◽  
Emanuel E. Canfora ◽  
Hauke Smidt ◽  
Ad A. M. Masclee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Colonic Transit Time ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Microbial Metabolites ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Longer colonic transit time and hard stools are associated with increased gut microbiota diversity. Here, we investigate to what extent quantitative measures of (segmental) colonic transit time were related to gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, and gut-related parameters in a human cross-sectional study. Using radiopaque markers, (segmental) colonic transit time (CTT) was measured in 48 lean/overweight participants with long colonic transit but without constipation. Fecal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Associations between gastrointestinal transit (segmental CTT and stool frequency and consistency), microbiota diversity and composition, microbial metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), branched-chain fatty acids, and breath hydrogen], habitual diet, and gut-related host parameters [lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and fecal calprotectin] were investigated using univariate and multivariate approaches. Long descending (i.e., distal) colonic transit was associated with increased microbial α-diversity but not with stool consistency. Using unweighted and weighted UniFrac distance, microbiota variation was not related to (segmental) CTT but to demographics, diet, plasma LBP, and fecal calprotectin. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity related only to stool consistency. Rectosigmoid and descending colonic transit were negatively associated with fecal SCFA and plasma acetate, respectively. This study suggests that the distal colon transit may affect not only microbiota diversity but also microbial metabolism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We extend previous findings showing that long distal colonic transit time influences microbial diversification and fermentation, whereas stool consistency is related to microbiota composition in humans with a long colonic transit. This study puts the importance of the (distal) colonic site in microbiota ecology forward, which should be considered in future therapeutic studies targeting, for instance, short-chain fatty acid production to improve metabolic health.

scholarly journals Effects of phlorotannin and polysaccharide fractions of brown seaweed Silvetia compressa on human gut microbiota composition using an in vitro colonic model

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 104596
Author(s):  
Benjamín Vázquez-Rodríguez ◽  
Liliana Santos-Zea ◽  
Erick Heredia-Olea ◽  
Laura Acevedo-Pacheco ◽  
Arlette Santacruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Effects of Rich in Β-Glucans Edible Mushrooms on Aging Gut Microbiota Characteristics: An In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evdokia K. Mitsou ◽  
Georgia Saxami ◽  
Emmanuela Stamoulou ◽  
Evangelia Kerezoudi ◽  
Eirini Terzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Alterations of gut microbiota are evident during the aging process. Prebiotics may restore the gut microbial balance, with β-glucans emerging as prebiotic candidates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of edible mushrooms rich in β-glucans on the gut microbiota composition and metabolites by using in vitro static batch culture fermentations and fecal inocula from elderly donors (n = 8). Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, Hericium erinaceus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mushrooms derived from various substrates were examined. Gut microbiota composition (quantitative PCR (qPCR)) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; gas chromatography (GC)) were determined during the 24-h fermentation. P. eryngii induced a strong lactogenic effect, while P. ostreatus and C. cylindracea induced a significant bifidogenic effect (p for all <0.05). Furthermore, P. eryngii produced on wheat straw and the prebiotic inulin had comparable Prebiotic Indexes, while P. eryngii produced on wheat straw/grape marc significantly increased the levels of tested butyrate producers. P. ostreatus, P. eryngii and C. cylindracea had similar trends in SCFA profile; H. erinaceus mushrooms were more diverse, especially in the production of propionate, butyrate and branched SCFAs. In conclusion, mushrooms rich in β-glucans may exert beneficial in vitro effects in gut microbiota and/or SCFAs production in elderly subjects.

scholarly journals Exogenous and endogenous HDAC inhibitor effects in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Di Fede ◽  
Emerenziana Ottaviano ◽  
Paolo Grazioli ◽  
Camilla Ceccarani ◽  
Chiara Parodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hdac Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACTRubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with specific clinical signs and neurodevelopmental impairment. The two known proteins altered in the majority of RSTS patients are the histone acetylation regulators CBP and p300. For assessing possible ameliorative effects of exogenous and endogenous HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), we exploited in vivo and in vitro RSTS models. First, HDACi effects were tested on Drosophila melanogaster, showing molecular rescue. In the same model, we observed a shift in gut microbiota composition. We then studied HDACi effects in RSTS cell lines compared to healthy donor cells. We observed patients-specific molecular rescue of acetylation defects at subtoxic concentrations. Finally, we assessed commensal gut microbiota composition in a cohort of RSTS patients compared to healthy siblings. Intriguingly, we observed a significant depletion in butyrate-producing bacteria in RSTS patients. In conclusion, this study reports the possibility of modulating acetylation equilibrium by HDACi treatments and the importance of microbiota composition in a chromatinopathy.

scholarly journals Impact of a Plant Sterol- and Galactooligosaccharide-Enriched Beverage on Colonic Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition Using an In Vitro Dynamic Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1884-1895
Author(s):  
Virginia Blanco-Morales ◽  
Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas ◽  
María J. Yebra ◽  
Vicente Sentandreu ◽  
María Jesús Lagarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Plant Sterol ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colonic Metabolism

scholarly journals Effects of Commercial Apple Varieties on Human Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Output Using an In Vitro Colonic Model

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Koutsos ◽  
Maria Lima ◽  
Lorenza Conterno ◽  
Mattia Gasperotti ◽  
Martina Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Output ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition
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