The relationship between social capital and potential resilience in individuals

This paper examines the relationship between ethnic social capital and contingent employment or temporary work among immigrant women in Korea. It focuses on two types of social capital: bonding and bridging. The former is conceptualized in terms of co-ethnic ties, whereas the latter is measured as interethnic connections (ties with native-born population). Using multilevel analysis, the current research examines the extent to which such networks, measured at individual and community levels, are associated with the probability of contingent employment for a nationally representative sample of foreign-born wives in South Korea. At the individual level, the size of interethnic networks is found to be significantly related to lower odds of contingent employment. Bonding social capital, on the other hand, is not a significant factor. A cross-level interaction effect is also observed: the relationship between bridging social capital and temporary work status is weaker in a regional community characterized by a higher degree of ethnicity-based discrimination.

Download Full-text

Does workplace social capital protect against long-term sickness absence? Linking workplace aggregated social capital to sickness absence registry data

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1403494817721672 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 290-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anne-Sophie K. Hansen ◽

Ida E. H. Madsen ◽

Sannie Vester Thorsen ◽

Ole Melkevik ◽

Jakob Bue Bjørner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Private Sector ◽

Sickness Absence ◽

Collective Good ◽

Standard Deviation Increase ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Workplace Social Capital

Aims: Most previous prospective studies have examined workplace social capital as a resource of the individual. However, literature suggests that social capital is a collective good. In the present study we examined whether a high level of workplace aggregated social capital (WASC) predicts a decreased risk of individual-level long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in Danish private sector employees. Methods: A sample of 2043 employees (aged 18–64 years, 38.5% women) from 260 Danish private-sector companies filled in a questionnaire on workplace social capital and covariates. WASC was calculated by assigning the company-averaged social capital score to all employees of each company. We derived LTSA, defined as sickness absence of more than three weeks, from a national register. We examined if WASC predicted employee LTSA using multilevel survival analyses, while excluding participants with LTSA in the three months preceding baseline. Results: We found no statistically significant association in any of the analyses. The hazard ratio for LTSA in the fully adjusted model was 0.93 (95% CI 0.77–1.13) per one standard deviation increase in WASC. When using WASC as a categorical exposure we found a statistically non-significant tendency towards a decreased risk of LTSA in employees with medium WASC (fully adjusted model: HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.48–1.27)). Post hoc analyses with workplace social capital as a resource of the individual showed similar results. Conclusions: WASC did not predict LTSA in this sample of Danish private-sector employees.

Download Full-text

Assessing the influence of social capital on water point sustainability in rural Ethiopia

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2017.167 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 611-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Margaret T. Person ◽

Maryann G. Delea ◽

Joshua V. Garn ◽

Kelly Alexander ◽

Bekele Abaire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Resource Management ◽

Water Resources ◽

Water Resource ◽

Collaborative Governance ◽

Survey Tool ◽

Rural Ethiopia ◽

Resource Governance ◽

Water Point ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Despite considerable investment, sustainability of rural water resources remains a critical challenge in Ethiopia. Evidence suggests social capital – the networks, norms, and trust that facilitate cooperative behaviors – influences a community's ability to manage communal water resources. In turn, strong community governance of water resources may lead to sustainable resource management. Existing evidence provides a framework for exploring the relationship between social capital and governance of common-pool resources. However, there is a dearth of quantifiable evidence demonstrating the relationship between social capital, collaborative governance, and, in turn, sustainability of communal water resources. In 32 communities in rural Ethiopia, we employed a validated survey tool, developed by the World Bank, to quantify social capital and explore these relationships. We found associations between governance and several social capital domains: groups and networks, trust and solidarity, and information and communication. All governance indicators were associated with functionality. Identifying domains of social capital that influence governance can inform institutional efforts to target community-based water resource programming, foster social capital to improve water point sustainability, and diagnose issues related to resource management. Additional research examining the influence and directionality of social capital and other social constructs on water resource governance and functionality is warranted.

Download Full-text

The influence of culture on consumer perceptions of deceptiveness

Journal of Consumer Marketing ◽

10.1108/jcm-09-2020-4150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Haithem Zourrig ◽

Mengxia Zhang ◽

Kamel El Hedhli ◽

Imene Becheur

Keyword(s):

Culturally Diverse ◽

Online Survey ◽

Consumer Perceptions ◽

Chinese Consumers ◽

Content Type ◽

Individual Level ◽

Information Manipulation ◽

Societal Level ◽

The Individual ◽

Situational Constraint

Purpose This study aims to apply McCornack’s (1992) information manipulation theory to the context of fraud and investigates the effects of culture on perceived deceptiveness. Design/methodology/approach In total, 400 Chinese consumers and an equal-size sample of Canadian consumers were recruited to fill an online survey. The survey integrates four scenarios of insurance fraud and measures of perceived deceptiveness, cultural tightness and horizontal-vertical idiocentrism allocentrism, in addition to some control variables. Findings Results show that at the societal level of culture, perceived deceptiveness is higher in individualistic than in collectivistic cultures. When accounting for the level of situational constraint, cultural tightness was found to magnify the perceived deceptiveness. At the individual level of culture, vertical-allocentrism and vertical-idiocentrism were found to weigh against the perception of deceptiveness. Originality/value Understanding cultural differences in perceived deceptiveness is helpful to spot sources of consumers’ vulnerability to fraud tolerance among a culturally diverse public.

Download Full-text

THE NEED FOR INFORMATION AND THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS FACTORS OF CRITICAL AND UNCRITICAL DISSEMINATION OF PANDEMIC NEWS

Moscow University Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.11621/vsp.2021.01.07 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 170-195

Author(s):

Elena I. Rasskazova ◽

Galina V. Soldatova ◽

Yulia Y. Neyaskina ◽

Olga S. Shiriaeva

Keyword(s):

Subjective Experience ◽

New Technologies ◽

Modern Society ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

Individual Level ◽

Related Information ◽

Digital World ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

Relevance. The modern society creates the image of a successful person as actively interacting with different information flows, including an impressive stream of news content. This paper assumes that there is a personal need for tracking and spreading news that develops in the interaction between person and digital world. The individual level of this need could explain the interaction with information (its critical and uncritical dissemination) and the subjective experience of its redundancy and inaccuracy, including those experiences and actions in a pandemic situation. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship of the subjective need for news with personal values, beliefs about technologies (“technophilia”) and the dissemination of news about the pandemic. Method. 270 people (aged 18 to 61) filled out The short (Schwartz) Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ), Beliefs about New Technologies Questionnaire, Monitoring of Information about Coronavirus Scale as well as items on the subjective need for receiving and disseminating news, readiness for critical and non-critical dissemination of news about pandemics, subjective experiences of redundancy and distrust of pandemic-related information. Results. According to the results, the Need for News Scale allows assessing the subjective importance of receiving news and discussing them with other people and is characterized by sufficient consistency and factor validity. The need for regular news is more pronounced among men, older people, people with higher education, married people, people who have children, while the need to discuss news is not related to sociodemographic factors. For people, who are more prone to technophilia, it is more important to regularly receive and discuss news information with others, which, in turn, mediates the relationship between technophilia and monitoring news about coronavirus. The need for news dissemination mediates the relationship between technophilia and readiness for critical and non-critical dissemination of information about the pandemic.

Download Full-text

Drug Use Changes at the Individual Level: Results from a Longitudinal, Multisite Survey in Young Europeans Frequenting the Nightlife Scene

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000520118 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Meryem Grabski ◽

Jon Waldron ◽

Tom P. Freeman ◽

Claire Mokrysz ◽

Ruben J.J. van Beek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Online Survey ◽

Prescription Opioids ◽

Alkyl Nitrates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Past ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

The Individual

Background: Monitoring emerging trends in the increasingly dynamic European drug market is vital; however, information on change at the individual level is scarce. In the current study, we investigated changes in drug use over 12 months in European nightlife attendees. Method: In this longitudinal online survey, changes in substances used, use frequency in continued users, and relative initiation of use at follow-up were assessed for 20 different substances. To take part, participants had to be aged 18–34 years; be from Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, or the UK; and have attended at least 6 electronic music events in the past 12 months at baseline. Of 8,045 volunteers at baseline, 2,897 completed the survey at both time points (36% follow-up rate), in 2017 and 2018. Results: The number of people using ketamine increased by 21% (p < 0.001), and logarithmized frequency of use in those continuing use increased by 15% (p < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.07–0.23). 4-Fluoroamphetamine use decreased by 27% (p < 0.001), and logarithmized frequency of use in continuing users decreased by 15% (p < 0.001, 95% CI: −0.48 to −0.23). The drugs with the greatest proportion of relative initiation at follow-up were synthetic cannabinoids (73%, N = 30), mephedrone (44%, N = 18), alkyl nitrites (42%, N = 147), synthetic dissociatives (41%, N = 15), and prescription opioids (40%, N = 48). Conclusions: In this European nightlife sample, ketamine was found to have the biggest increase in the past 12 months, which occurred alongside an increase in frequency of use in continuing users. The patterns of uptake and discontinuation of alkyl nitrates, novel psychoactive substances, and prescription opioids provide new information that has not been captured by existing cross-sectional surveys. These findings demonstrate the importance of longitudinal assessments of drug use and highlight the dynamic nature of the European drug landscape.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with Perceived Trust of False Abortion Websites: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25323 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarina Rebecca Chaiken ◽

Lisa Han ◽

Blair G Darney ◽

Leo Han

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Correlation Matrices ◽

Individual Level ◽

Perceived Trust ◽

Neutral Site ◽

Design Characteristics ◽

The Individual

BACKGROUND The majority of patients use the internet to search for health information. While there is a vast repository of searchable information online, much of the content is unregulated and therefore potentially incorrect, conflicting, or confusing. Abortion information online is particularly prone to being inaccurate as anti-choice websites publish purposefully misleading information in formats that appear as neutral resources. To understand how anti-choice websites appear neutral, we need to understand the specific website features of anti-choice features that impart trust to viewers. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify characteristics of false or misleading abortion websites that make these websites appear trustworthy to the public. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using Amazon.com Inc’s Mechanical Turk platform. We used validated questionnaires to ask participants to rate eleven anti-choice sites and one neutral site identified by experts, focusing on site content, creators, and design. We collected socio-demographic data and participant views on abortion. We used a composite measure of “mean overall trust” as our primary outcome. Using correlation matrices, we determined which website characteristics were most associated with overall trust. Finally, we used linear regression to identify participant characteristics associated with overall trust. RESULTS Our analytic sample included 498 participants ranging from ages 22 to 70, 50.1% of whom identified as female. Across eleven anti-choice sites, creator trust (“I believe that the creators of this site are honest and trustworthy”) had the highest correlation coefficient with overall trust (0.70). Professional appearance (0.59), look and feel (0.59), perception that the information is created by experts (0.59), association with a trustworthy organization (0.58), valued features and functionalities (0.54), and interactive capabilities (0.52) all demonstrated strong relationships with overall trust. At the individual level, pro-choice leaning was associated with higher overall trust of the neutral site (B: -0.43, CI: -0.87, 0.01) and lower overall trust of the anti-choice sites (B: 0.52, CI: 0.05, .99). CONCLUSIONS The overall trustworthiness of anti-choice websites is most associated with design characteristics and perceived trustworthiness of the site creator. Those who believe that access to abortion should be limited are more likely to trust anti-choice websites.

Download Full-text

Social Capital and Diversity Generalized Trust, Social Cohesion and Regimes of Diversity

Canadian Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s0008423907070722 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 709-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Marc Hooghe

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Group Differences ◽

Capital Social ◽

Generalized Trust ◽

Absolute Level ◽

Individual Level ◽

Level 3 ◽

The Individual

Abstract.In recent years an impressive amount of evidence has been collected documenting a negative relationship between levels of ethnic diversity and social capital indicators, in particular generalized trust. In this article we raise a number of theoretical arguments that should be addressed before these findings can be generalized. First, it has to be remembered that most of these studies focus on generalized trust as a social capital indicator, while trust probably is most vulnerable for the effects of weakening homogeneity. Second, it is argued that in order to arrive at a better understanding of the relation between diversity and social capital, at least three intermediary variables need to be taken into account: 1) the question whether diversity entails segregation of networks at the individual level; 2) the increase in diversity rather than the absolute level; 3) the regimes societies use to govern diversity, and especially the variation with regard to the openness of these regimes. We close by exploring the suggestion that in more diverse societies, recognition of group differences and identities, and group relations based on equality-based concepts of reciprocity should be considered as potentially more meaningful strategies.Résumé.Dans les dernières années, une quantité impressionnante de preuves ont été rassemblées, qui documentent une relation négative entre le niveau de diversité ethnique et les indicateurs de capital social, en particulier la confiance généralisée. Dans cet article, nous soulevons un certain nombre d'arguments théoriques qu'il faut examiner avant de pouvoir généraliser ces résultats. D'abord il faut noter que la plupart de ces études se sont concentrées sur la confiance généralisée comme indicateur de capital social alors que la confiance est probablement particulièrement vulnérable aux effets d'une érosion de l'homogénéité. Deuxièmement, nous avançons que, pour mieux comprendre la relation entre diversité et capital social, trois variables intermédiaires au moins doivent être prises en considération : 1) l'existence d'une ségrégation des réseaux au niveau individuel du fait de la diversité; 2) l'augmentation de la diversité plutôt que son niveau absolu; 3) les régimes que les sociétés utilisent pour gouverner la diversité et surtout le degré d'ouverture de ces régimes. Pour finir, nous explorons la suggestion que, dans des sociétés plus diverses, la reconnaissance des différences et identités des groupes, et des relations inter-groupes basées sur des concepts d'égalité et de réciprocité devraient être considérées comme des stratégies potentiellement plus significatives.

Download Full-text

Frankly, We Do Give a Damn

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550616681055 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 816-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gilad Feldman ◽

Huiwen Lian ◽

Michal Kosinski ◽

David Stillwell

Keyword(s):

Social Interactions ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Real Life ◽

Linguistic Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Aggregate Level ◽

Individual Level ◽

Common Causes ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

There are two conflicting perspectives regarding the relationship between profanity and dishonesty. These two forms of norm-violating behavior share common causes and are often considered to be positively related. On the other hand, however, profanity is often used to express one’s genuine feelings and could therefore be negatively related to dishonesty. In three studies, we explored the relationship between profanity and honesty. We examined profanity and honesty first with profanity behavior and lying on a scale in the lab (Study 1; N = 276), then with a linguistic analysis of real-life social interactions on Facebook (Study 2; N = 73,789), and finally with profanity and integrity indexes for the aggregate level of U.S. states (Study 3; N = 50 states). We found a consistent positive relationship between profanity and honesty; profanity was associated with less lying and deception at the individual level and with higher integrity at the society level.

Download Full-text

Risk ratios for contagious outcomes

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2017.0696 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (138) ◽

pp. 20170696 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Olga Morozova ◽

Ted Cohen ◽

Forrest W. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Small Groups ◽

Risk Ratio ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Infectious Disease Transmission ◽

Individual Level ◽

Susceptibility To Infection ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

Risk Ratios

Epidemiologists commonly use the risk ratio to summarize the relationship between a binary covariate and outcome, even when outcomes may be dependent. Investigations of transmissible diseases in clusters—households, villages or small groups—often report risk ratios. Epidemiologists have warned that risk ratios may be misleading when outcomes are contagious, but the nature of this error is poorly understood. In this study, we assess the meaning of the risk ratio when outcomes are contagious. We provide a mathematical definition of infectious disease transmission within clusters, based on the canonical stochastic susceptible–infective model. From this characterization, we define the individual-level ratio of instantaneous infection risks as the inferential target, and evaluate the properties of the risk ratio as an approximation of this quantity. We exhibit analytically and by simulation the circumstances under which the risk ratio implies an effect whose direction is opposite that of the true effect of the covariate. In particular, the risk ratio can be greater than one even when the covariate reduces both individual-level susceptibility to infection, and transmissibility once infected. We explain these findings in the epidemiologic language of confounding and Simpson's paradox, underscoring the pitfalls of failing to account for transmission when outcomes are contagious.

Download Full-text