Behavioral and organizational responses to terrorism: A model based on 9/11

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Henry W. Fischer III, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Organizational Response ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
The Us ◽  
Current Article

The author’s 1998 white paper (completed for the US Department of Defense as a result of Presidential Decision Directive 39) applied the research literature on behavioral and organizational response to outline what might occur in the aftermath of a terrorist attack. It argued that it presented the best model available and should be applied when developing mitigation, preparedness, and response plans in anticipation of possible domestic nuclear, biological, and chemical terrorism.The terrorism events of September 11, 2001, have provided a basis for assessing this argument. The current article reviews the earlier argument by using updated disaster research to describe the behavioral and organizational response challenges a community or nation would likely encounter in a terrorist attack with weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Anecdotal evidence from the events of 9/11 is included to assess the efficacy of the literature as a model.

OP or Not OP: The Medical Challenge at the Chemical Terrorism Scene

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Krivoy ◽  
Ido Layish ◽  
Eran Rotman ◽  
Avi Goldberg ◽  
Yoav Yehezkelli
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Chemical Terrorism ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Medical Teams

AbstractSince the 1995 Tokyo subway sarin attack, terrorist attacks involving weapons of mass destruction or other industrial chemicals present worldwide security and health concerns. On-scene medical triage and treatment in such events is crucial to save as many lives as possible and minimize the deleterious effects of the toxic agent involved. Since there are many chemicals that can be used as potential terrorist weapons, the medical challenge for the emergency medical services (EMS) is a combination of: (1) recognizing that a chemical terrorist attack (non-conventional) has occurred; and (2) identifying the toxic agent followed by proper antidotal treatment. The latter must be done as quickly as possible, preferably on-scene. The most valuable decision at this stage should be whether the agent is organophosphate (OP) or not OP, based on clinical findings observed by pre-trained, first responders. This decision is crucial, since only OP intoxication has readily available, rapidly acting, onscene, specific agents such as atropine and one of the oximes, preferably administered using autoinjectors. Due to the lack of a specific antidote, exposure to other agents (such as industrial chemicals, e.g., chlorine, bromide, or ammonia) should be treated on-scene symptomatically with non-specific measures, such as decontamination and supportive treatment. This paper proposes an algorithm as a cognitive framework for the medical teams on-scene. This algorithm should be part of the medical team's training for preparedness for chemical terrorist attacks, and the team should be trained to use it in drills. Implementing this path of thinking should improve the medical outcome of such an event.

North Korea in 2017

Asian Survey ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gi-Wook Shin ◽  
Rennie J. Moon
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Nuclear Test ◽  
Ballistic Missile ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
The Us ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

Kim Jong Un continued to consolidate his power through personnel changes, and North Korean society saw increasing consumerism, along with signs of growing inequality. The economy did well through early 2017 but the subsequent effects of sanctions remained uncertain. North Korea conducted its first test of an intercontinental ballistic missile and its sixth nuclear test, triggering heated debate in the US and elsewhere about how to respond. Kim clearly is not going to give up working on weapons of mass destruction.

Medical response to a terrorist attack and weapons of mass destruction

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David GE Caldicott ◽  
Nicholas A Edwards ◽  
David Tingey ◽  
Robert Bonnin
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Medical Response

Muse

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
barbara koenen
Keyword(s):  
War On Terror ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Religious Symbol ◽  
Fertile Crescent ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

Muse is a personal investigation into the historical and contemporary correlations between pomegranates and hand grenades by the author, an artist based in the Midwest. The essay begins with her reminiscences of witnessing a red-stained feast of the “exotic” pomegranate that was hosted by a friend of Armenian descent; then it chronicles the fruit’s historical associations as a fertility and religious symbol in many cultures since ancient times and its cultivation, beginning in the Fertile Crescent and extending across Asia and into Europe and North America. Upon her realization that hand grenades are named after pomegranates, the author describes physical comparisons between the bomb and the fruit, provides a brief history of grenades and grenadiers, and then muses on the contemporaneous marketing campaigns for the War on Terror that paved the way for the 2003 United States invasion into Iraq, and for POM Wonderful beverages that “defy death” as an “Antioxidant Superpower™.” As the hyperbolic claims of both marketing campaigns were later debunked—Saddam Hussein had no weapons of mass destruction and pomegranate juice does not cure cancer—the essay concludes by noting a recent, modest investment by the US government into the cultivation and exporting of pomegranates in Afghanistan as a hopeful sign.

German Policy in Weapons of Mass Destruction and European Missile Defense System Issues

2013 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
F. Basov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapon ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Missile Defense ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Defence System ◽  
The Us

This paper offers the analysis of German Policy towards the Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and creating of the European Missile Defence System. Special attention is given to a dislocation of the US Tactical Nuclear Weapon (TNW) in Germany, its policy towards nuclear programs of Iran and North Korea, the evolution of German stand on the European Missile Defence project.

Iran, the US and Weapons of Mass Destruction

Survival ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mousavian
Keyword(s):  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
The Us

The Trauma of 9/11: 2001–2002

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-104
Author(s):  
John L. Helgerson
Keyword(s):  
September 11 ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Terrorist Threat ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Us Intervention ◽  
Invasion Of Iraq ◽  
Intelligence Officer

John Helgerson’s tenure began just six weeks before the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The terrorist threat had been the subject of major analyses produced during John Gannon’s tenure; it became the overwhelming priority after 9/11. Helgerson describes the early responses as well as the longer-term analyses of the evolving terrorist threat and the new landscape of counterterrorist cooperation with traditional allies and former adversaries alike. The US intervention in Afghanistan to topple the Taliban regime gave way to a new focus on Iraq. The ostensible rationale for the invasion of Iraq was a controversial national intelligence estimate on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Although the NIE was published in the interval between Helgerson’s tenure and his successor’s, the chapter assesses the estimate and the decision to go to war in Iraq through the analysis of National Intelligence Officer Paul Pillar, who straddled both tenures.

scholarly journals Rethinking Islamic Education in Facing the Challenges of the Twenty-first Century

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Rosnani Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First Century ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
The West ◽  
World Community ◽  
Unilateral Declaration ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Ruling Elites

The Muslim ummah, as a world community, faces many challenges at thethreshold of the new century. The fateful event of 9/11 has revealed yetanother facet of the problems plaguing Muslim society: the existence ofradical, or what some media have labeled “militant,” Muslim groups.Despite the Muslim world’s condemnation of the 9/11 terrorist attack, theUnited States considered itself the victim and thus launched its “war againstterrorism” against the alleged perpetrators: the Taliban and al-Qaeda. Iraq,which was alleged to be building weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)and assisting al-Qaeda, became the second target. Iran would have becomethe immediate third target if the international community had supported theBush administration’s unilateral declaration of war against Iraq. But it didnot, for the allegations could not be proven.Unfortunately, this new American policy has not helped to curb aggressionor terrorism; rather, it has caused radical groups to run amok andindulge in even more acts of terrorism in Israel, Palestine, Indonesia, Turkey,Spain, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia. The 9/11 tragedy has caused the West to holdmore negative images of Muslims and Islam and has made life more difficultfor Muslims living in the West. In response, anti-Americanism hasgrown throughout the world, particularly in the Muslim world.1September 11 seemed to provide certain Muslim governments with thelicense to combat terrorism on the local front more rigorously. This actionheightened the conflicts between local Muslims and the ruling governments,as in the case of General Musharraf of Pakistan, who decided to cooperatewith Washington in its “war against terrorism” by providing bases forAmerican forces. After 9/11, Egypt, Tunisia, and Malaysia all receivedrepeated praise from Washington for their experience and seriousness incombating terrorism and joining the alliance against it, despite their trackrecord on, for example, human rights violations vis-à-vis the ruling elites’ ...

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